Euphoria fulgida (F., 1775)

Orozco, Jesús, 2012, Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66, pp. 1-182 : 42-43

Euphoria fulgida (F., 1775)

(Appendix 4: Fig. 15 )

Cetonia fulgida Fabricius 1775: 48 . Original combination.

Holotype not located.

Euphoria fuscocyanea Casey 1915: 303 . New synonymy.

Holotype at USNM, examined.

Description (n = 771). Length 12.1–17.1 mm; width 7.1–10.3 mm. Color: Dorsal surface shiny. Head and pronotum light to dark green; pronotum with yellowish to yellowish brown, lateral band. Elytra yellowish brown, light green, dark green, violaceous, reddish, dark blue, or a combination of these colors; posterior half frequently with small, cretaceous markings. Pygidium and venter, including legs, frequently bicolored. Pygidium frequently with 2–4 irregularly rounded, cretaceous markings on anterior half. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures round, small to moderate, frequently confluent; glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae short to long, yellowish; with 1 central or 2 longitudinal depressions separated by weak to moderate ridge. Clypeus subquadrate to subrectangular, moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round, small; glabrous to sparsely setose, setae minute to short, yellowish. Lateral margins moderately to strongly raised, weakly arcuate to subparallel, apex weakly to moderately reflexed, apex truncate in dorsal view, weakly to moderately sinuate in frontal view. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface glabrous, sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures round and small in middle, lunulate and moderate in size laterally; punctation denser towards sides. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate, apex variably rounded. Elytra: Surface glabrous, densely punctate; punctures lunulate, moderate to moderately large in anterior half, irregular, coalescent, and moderate to moderately large in posterior half. Costae obsolete in anterior half, subobsolete in posterior half. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Elytral surface frequently with medial, transverse depression. Pygidium: Surface strongly umbonate, concentrically striate, moderately densely to densely setose; setae minute to short, yellowish. Legs: Apical and medial protibial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth, basal tooth occasionally subobsolete in males. Mesotibial carina sometimes developed into 1–2 sharp, short spines. Venter: Mesometasternal process well developed, extended anteriorly beyond mesocoxae, glabrous, apex evenly rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae moderately densely to densely setose, setae moderate. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metepisterna frequently with cretaceous markings. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle; median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites with cretaceous markings laterally, sides of abdomen strongly ridged; abdomen of males at middle with deep, longitudinal depression. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 15c .

Diagnosis. Euphoria fulgida is distinguished by the bright coloration, subquadrate clypeus, antennal club shorter than head in males, pronotum finely punctate at middle, impunctate scutellum, strongly developed mesometasternal process, strongly ridged abdominal sternites, and the male genitalia.

Notes. This species is found in two color forms with some intermediates. The most common color is shown in Fig. 15a and occurs throughout the species range. Figure 15d represents the second color form, commonly found in Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Oklahoma, and occasionally Iowa.

Taxonomic History. Fabricius (1775) described E. fulgida in the genus Cetonia . Burmeister (1842) created the genus Erirhipis and placed E. fulgida in it. Lacordaire (1856) moved it to the genus Euryomia together with all other American Cetoniini and some Old World species. Casey (1915) listed the species in his “Group I ( fulgida )” and made Erirhipi s a subgenus of Euphoria . In addition, he described E. fuscocyanea based on a female specimen from Texas. Lastly, Hardy (2001) erroneously placed E. holochloris and E. limbalis as subspecies of E. fulgida . After the examination of 771 specimens, including the types, I conclude E. fuscocyanea is conspecific with E. fulgida and place it in synonymy.

Hardy (2001) listed “ Scarabaeus turchesinus Voet 1778 ” as a synonym of E. fulgida . Nevertheless, “ Scarabaeus turchesinus ” is not available since Voet did not use binomial nomenclature consistently in this work (Art. 11.4, ICZN 1999).

Natural History. Adults have been captured on Quercus sp. , Viburnum sp. flowers, Crataegus sp. blossoms, C. pumila , Drymocallis lactea (Greene) (Rosaceae) , Dasylirion sp. (Ruscaceae) , and feeding on apples. Hayes (1925) recorded the species feeding on the sap of Quercus sp. , pollen and nectar of Cornus sp. , Rhus sp. , and “thistle”. In Wisconsin, adults were collected in flight intercept traps and flying through a “sandy oak savanna” site ( Kriska and Young 2002).

Hayes (1925) studied the life cycle and described the eggs. In laboratory conditions, the winter was spent as a “prepupa”, reaching the pupal stage the following spring. The larval stage was found to last between 98–156 days and the pupal stage lasted between 19–25 days. The third instar was described by Ritcher (1945, 1966).

Adults have been observed flying over pineoak forest floor and have been attracted to red wine and sugar traps. As true for many cetoniines, adults are known to become thanatotic when disturbed. In Nebraska, the species has been found most frequently flying above and feeding on Cornus sp. in early June ( Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008). The species occurs between 240–2,200 m elevation.

Temporal Distribution. March (2), April (29), May (129), June (308), July (104), August (16), September (3), November (3) ( Fig. 15f ).

Distribution. Euphoria fulgida is found in Ontario, Canada and in the eastern half of the United States ( Fig. 15g ). McNamara (1991) recorded the species also from Quebéc, Canada.

Specimens Examined (771). Type material: Euphoria fuscocyanea Casey, 1915 ; holotype female at UNSM labeled “Tex.// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48666// fuscocyanea/ Csy// Euphoria / fuscocyanea/ Erirhipis / Casey Coll.” . Other material: CANADA (3): ONTARIO. Haliburton Co.: Minden Hills (1), Muskoka District Municipality: Honey Harbour (2). USA (756): ALABAMA. Houston Co.: No data (4); Madison Co.: Huntsville (4); Montgomery Co.: Hunter (1); Morgan Co.: Decatur (2); Shelby Co.: Alabaster (2). ARKANSAS. Benton Co.: Bentonville (1); Sharp Co.: Ash Flat (1). COLORADO. El Paso Co.: Colorado Springs (3). CONNECTICUT. Fairfield Co.: Stamford (4); Litchfield Co.: New Hartford (1); New London Co.: Lyme (3); No data (1). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA . Washington (10). FLORIDA. Liberty Co.: Torreya State Park (1); Wakulla Co. : Saint Marks National Wildlife Refuge (1). GEORGIA. Decatur Co.: Faceville (1); Dekalb Co.: Stone Mountain (1); Floyd Co.: Mount Berry (1); Lumpkin Co.: Dahlonega (1); Rabun Co.: Mountain City (1); Union Co.: Vogel State Park (1). ILLINOIS. Adams Co.: Kingston (1); Cook Co.: Palos Park (4), Riverside (1), Willow Springs (2); Kankakee Co.: Bourbonnais (1); Union Co.: La Rue Pine Hills Ecological Area (1); Saline Co.: Harrisburg (2); Will Co.: Crete (2); No data: (1). INDIANA. Clark Co.: Borden (1), Clark State Forest (1); Lawrence Co.: No data (2); Orange Co.: Orleans (1); Parke Co.: Turkey Run State Park (1). IOWA. Decatur Co.: Lamoni (1); Johnson Co.: Iowa City (8); Story Co.: Ames (3), Woodbury Co.: Sioux City (1). KANSAS. Chautauqua Co.: No data (1); Cherokee Co.: Columbus (1); Doniphan Co.: Troy (2); Douglas Co.: Breidenthal Reserve (1); Labette Co.: Oswego (12); Rice Co.: No data (1); Riley Co.: Manhattan (1); No data (25). KENTUCKY. Edmonson Co.: Bee Spring (1), Mammoth Cave National Park (1); Green Co.: Crail Hope (1); Louisville-Jefferson Co.: Louisville (3). LOUISIANA. Cameron Pa.: Cameron Farm (1); Grant Pa.: Pollock (1). MAINE. Oxford Co.: Kezar Falls (1). MARYLAND. Allegany Co.: Pratt (1), no data (2); Baltimore Co.: Catonsville (1); Dorchester Co.: Pawpaw (1); Frederick Co.: Frederick (1); Garrett Co.: Keysers Ridge (5), Oakland (1); Montgomery Co.: Glen Echo (1), Plummers Island (1); Prince George Co.: Beltsville (1), Bowie (1), Camp Springs (1), College Park (1); Washington Co.: Sandy Hook (1); No data: (2). MASSACHUSETTS. Essex Co.: Saugus (1); Hampden Co.: Chicopee (1); Middlesex Co.: Framingham (2); Norfolk Co.: Dedham (1), Milton (1); Suffolk Co.: Forest Hills (1). MICHIGAN. Allegan Co.: Saugatuck (1); Cheboygan Co.: Douglas Lake (2); Kent Co.: No data (1); Ingham Co.: Okemos (1); Livingston Co.: George Reserve (11); Marquette Co.: Huron Mountain Club (3), no data (1); Oakland Co.: No data (1); Oceana Co. : Pentwater (1); Ottawa Co.: Holland (1), Lake Macatawa (9); Saint Joseph Co.: Cam Fort Hill (1), Klinger Lake (1); Shiawassee Co.: No data (1); Washtenaw Co.: Ann Arbor (1), no data (1); Wayne Co.: Detroit (2); No data: “McIver”(1); Wexford Co.: Manistee National Forest (1). MINNESOTA. Anoka Co. : No data (1); Chisago Co.: Taylors Falls (1); Dakota Co.: Hastings (1); Goodhue Co.: No data (1); Houston Co.: Winnebago Valley (1), no data (5); Olmsted Co.: No data (1); Ramsey Co.: Saint Paul (1), Stearns Co.: St. Cloud (5); Washington Co.: No data (1); Winona Co. : Lewiston (1); Wright Co.: Buffalo (1). MISSISSIPPI. Bolivar Co.: No data (2); Choctaw Co.: No data (1); Jasper Co.: Louin (3); Lafayette Co.: No data (4). MISSOURI. Boone Co.: Columbia (1); Buchanan Co.: Saint Louis (3); Camden Co.: Lake of the Ozarks State Park (1); Pike Co.: Louisiana (2); Polk Co.: No data (6); Ripley Co.: Briar (1); Saint Louis Co.: Saint Louis (2); No data: “Southern Missouri” (1), no data (3). NEBRASKA. Adams Co.: No data (1); Cass Co.: South Bend (1), Union (2); Cherry Co.: Sparks (1), Valentine (1); Dodge Co.: Fremont (1); Douglas Co.: Omaha (11); Holt Co.: Spencer Dam (3); Jefferson Co.: No data (1); Knox Co.: Lewis and Clark Lake (1); Nemaha Co.: Indian Cave State Park (2), Richardson Co.: Indian Cave State Park (5). NEW HAMPSHIRE. Sullivan Co.: Claremont (1). NEW JERSEY. Burlington Co.: Rancocas (1), Riverton (1); Mercer Co.: Trenton (1); Morris Co.: Boonton (2); Passaic Co.: Clifton (1), Greenwood Lake (1). NEW MEXICO. Dona Ana Co.: Aguirre Springs-Organ Mountains (1), Dripping Springs (1); Eddy Co.: Lincoln National Forest (6); Lincoln Co.: Sierra Blanca Mountains (2); Los Alamos Co.: Jemez Mountains (2); Otero Co.: Cornudo Mountains (1), Sierra Blanca Mountains (1); San Miguel Co.: El Porvenir (1), Las Vegas (1); No data: “New Mexico” (1). NEW YORK. Chautauqua Co.: No data (2); Delaware Co.: Cooks Fall (1), Cooks Hill (1); Duchess Co.: Poughkeepsie (2); Erie Co.: Chaffee (1), Hamburg (1); Greene Co.: Cairo (1); Orange Co.: New Windsor (2), West Point (3); Richmond Co.: Staten Island (1); Rockland Co.: Ramapo (1); Schuyler Co.: Cayuta Lake (1); St. Lawrence Co.: Rossie (2); Tompkins Co.: Danby (1), Groton (2), Ithaca (4); Ulster Co.: Oliverea (2); Yates Co.: Crosby (1); No data: “NY” (1). NORTH CAROLINA. Buncombe Co.: Asheville (1); Dare Co.: Buxton (1), Kill Devil Hills (2); Guilford Co.: Climax (1); Jackson Co.: Balsam (5); Swain Co.: Blue Ridge Parkway (1). OHIO. Butler Co.: Butler (1); Crawford Co.: Millport (1), New Haven Marsh (1); Franklin Co.: Blendon Township (2); Knox Co.: No data (1); Washington Co.: Marietta (1). OKLAHOMA. Carter Co.: Ardmore (3), Cimarron Co.: Black Mesa State Park (1); Comanche Co.: Wichita Mountains (2); Garfield Co.: No data (3); Osage Co.: West Bartlesville (2); Payne Co.: Stillwater (1). PENNSYLVANIA. Allegheny Co.: Millvale (1), Pittsburgh (3); Beaver Co.: South Heights (1); Butler Co.: Butler (1); Centre Co.: State College (1); Chester Co.: Downingtown (2), Nottingham (1); Dauphin Co.: Harrisburg (1), Inglenook (1), Rockville (4), Stoverdale (3); Delaware Co.: Broomall (1), Collingdale (1), Castle Rock (1); Franklin Co.: Mont Alto (1); Greene Co.: Rutan (1), Waynesburg (2); Indiana Co.: Indiana (3); Lehigh Co.: Lehigh Gap (2); Montgomery Co.: Sumneytown (1); Monroe Co.: No data (2); Philadelphia Co.: Frankford (1), Roxborough (1); Schuylkill Co.: Pine Grove (2); Tioga Co. : Crooked Creek (1); York Co.: Washington Township (1); Westmoreland Co.: Charter Oak Church (1), Jeanette (1); No data (1). SOUTH CAROLINA. Horry Co.: Cherry Grove Beach (1); Lancaster Co.: Lancaster (1); Oconee Co.: Walhalla (10); Pickens Co.: Clemson (4), Pickens (3), Pinnacle Mountains (1). TENNESSEE. Fayette Co.: No data (1); Fentress Co.: Allardt (1); Morgan Co.: Burrville (9), Deer Lodge (2). TEXAS. Atascosa Co. : Poteet (18); Bexar Co.: San Antonio (1), Stone Oak (7); Brazos Co.: College Station (2); Brewster Co.: Alpine (26), Big Bend (3), Chisos Mountains (2), Marathon (1); Brown Co.: Brownwood (1); Chaves Co.: Elk (1); Colorado Co.: No data (11); Comal Co.: Bulverde (1), New Braunfels (1), no data (1); Culberson Co.: Pine Springs (5); Eastland Co.: Big Sandy Creek (1), Cisco (1), no data (13); Galveston Co.: Dickinson (1); Jeff Davis Co.: Davis Mountains (72), Fort Davis (4), Limpia Canyon (2), Prude Ranch (1); Kerr Co.: Kerrville (1); Kimble Co.: Junction (1); Lee Co.: Fedor (1); Montgomery Co.: The Woodlands (1); Pecos Co.: Fort Stockton (40); Randall Co.: Palo Duro Canyon (1); Sutton Co.: Sonora (2), no data (1); Tarrant Co.: Handley (8); Travis Co.: Austin (2); Val Verde Co.: Comstock (2), Dolan Falls (1); No data: “Austin Bluffs” (1), no data (1), Olympia (1). VERMONT. No data: (1). VIRGINIA. Arlington Co.: Arlington (1); Campbell Co.: No data (2); Fairfax Co.: Dead Run (1), Falls Church (5), Fort Belvoir (1), Great Falls (3), Lee’ s Chapel (1), Mount Vernon (1); Highland Co.: Lantz Mountain (1); Montgomery Co.: No data (2); Nelson Co.: No data (14); Prince William Co.: Bull Run (1); Randolph Co.: Middle Mountain (1); Rockbridge Co.: Buena Vista (1); Stafford Co.: Potomac (1); No data: (1). WEST VIRGINIA. Jackson Co.: Silverton (1); Kanawha Co.: Guthrie (1); Monroe Co.: Slaty Mountain Preserve (2). WISCONSIN. Crawford Co.: Gays Mills (7); Grant Co.: Wyalusing (1); Dane Co.: Madison (3), no data (5); Door Co.: Sturgeon Bay (1); Iowa Co.: No data (4); Monroe Co.: Fort McCoy (4); Polk Co.: Amery (1); Racine Co.: Racine (2); Rock Co.: Edgerton (1); No data: “Maa Co.”(1), no data (1). NO DATA: “Western USA” (1). NO DATA (6): “Sonoma Co.” (1), no data (5). SUSPECT RECORDS (5): “Coast So. Ca.” (2), “Guatemala” (1), “South America” (2).

Figures

Fig. 15. Euphoria fulgida. a) Habitus, b) Head, c) Parameres, d-e) Color variation, f) Temporal distribution, g) Geographic distribution in Canada and the United States; open square indicates province record only.