Euphoria kernii Haldeman, 1852

Orozco, Jesús, 2012, Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66, pp. 1-182 : 79-80

Euphoria kernii Haldeman, 1852

(Appendix 4: Fig. 44 )

Euphoria cernii Haldeman 1852: 374 . Original combination.

Holotype at MCZ, not examined.

Erirhipis clarki LeConte 1853: 441 . Synonym.

Holotype at MCZ, examined.

Euphoria texana Schaufuss 1863: 113 . Synonym.

Holotype not located.

Euphoria retusa Casey 1915: 310 . Synonym.

Holotype at USNM, examined.

Euphoria wichitana Casey 1915: 311 . Synonym.

Holotype at USNM, examined.

Euphoria connivens Casey 1915: 312 . Synonym.

Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. One paralectotype at USNM, examined.

Description (n = 1,882). Length 8.7–11.9 mm; width 5.3–7.2 mm. Color: Body shiny, with variable black and yellow or orange and yellow patterns. Pronotum light yellow or dark orange, frequently with black central marking covering most of surface. Elytra with black markings extending broadly over surface. Melanistic forms present. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, confluent, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subquadrate, sides subparallel, not raised, punctation as on frons, glabrous to sparsely setose, setae as on frons; apex not reflexed or vaguely reflexed, weakly to moderately sinuate in dorsal view. Antennal club as long as stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate; punctures lunulate, moderate in size, confluent toward apex and sides, glabrous to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Midline and base in front of scutellum impunctate; anterolateral area moderately rugose. Sides strongly angulate to evenly arcuate, base in front of scutellum rounded to sinuate. Scutellum densely punctate, punctures lunulate to irregular, with or without short, yellowish setae. Elytra: Surface densely punctate; striae bearing 2 lateral rows of double grooves and frequently a medial row of small, lunulate punctures; setae minute to short, yellowish. Costa strongly raised. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae shallowly to moderately impressed, discontinuous, densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Pygidium subequal in shape in both sexes. Legs: Medial and basal protibial teeth proximal, basal tooth obsolete to subobsolete in both sexes, apical tooth strongly oblique. Metatibial spurs slender in males, at least 1 lanceolate in females. Apex of metatibiae not expanded in males, moderately expanded in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process small, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae, strongly compressed, apex variably rounded to almost flat, densely setose on sutural area; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Median sulcus vaguely to strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites sparsely to moderately setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish; males with weak longitudinal depression at middle, surface weakly to moderately convex in males, flat to strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 44c .

Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the following combination of characters: clypeus subquadrate, clypeal apex not reflexed; pronotum densely punctate, midline of pronotum and base in front of scutellum impunctate; scutellum densely punctate; elytral striae bearing two lateral rows of double grooves and frequently a medial row of small, lunulate punctures; apical protibial tooth strongly oblique; and form of the parameres. The lateral pronotal margins vary also in this species from strongly angulate to evenly arcuate. The base of the pronotum in front of the scutellum varies from rounded to sinuate in a similar way seen in E. geminata .

Taxonomic History. Haldeman (1852) named the species after “Mr. Kern” but formed the name as E. cernii in an apparent attempt to latinize the name ( Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008). LeConte (1853) was the first to list the species as “ kernii ”, and that spelling has been in prevailing use since then ( E. kerni auct .).

LeConte (1853) described a pale specimen as Erirhipis clarkii . Schaufuss (1863) described E. texana based on black specimens from Texas (although the type of E. texana was not located, the description matches E. kernii ). Casey (1915) described a male specimen from Mexico as E. retusa , a large female from Kansas as E. wichitana , and a series of small specimens from Texas and Arizona with few black markings as E. connivens . Hardy (2001) placed all four species names, E. clarkii , E. wichitana , E. retusa , and E. conniven s, in synonymy with E. kernii .

Natural History. Euphoria kernii adults have been captured on flowers of Cirsium sp. , fruits and flowers of Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck (Cactaceae) , Prosopis sp. , Callirhoe sp. (Malvaceae) , A. platyceras , Triticum sp. (Poaceae) , and Rosa sp. Adults have been collected also on grass and low vegetation, at lights, in Japanese beetle traps, and in nests of Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord.) (Sciuridae) . In Nebraska, adults have been collected on Yucca sp. ( Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008). Adults have been captured at elevations from 170–2,133 m.

Temporal Distribution. March (3), April (157), May (342), June (521), July (191), August (33), September (3), November (2) ( Fig. 44f ).

Geographic Distribution. Known from the central United States and Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Estado de México, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas, Mexico ( Fig. 44g ).

Specimens Examined (1,882). Type material: Erirhipis clarkii LeConte, 1853 ; holotype at MCZ labeled “[red disc]// E./ clarkii/ Lec.// kernii 13// Type 3783”. Euphoria connivens Casey, 1915 ; lectotype male at USNM labeled “TEX// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48671// connivens/ Csy// Euphoria / connivens/ Casey// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / connivens Csy / By A. R. Hardy ’78”; paralectotype female at USNM labeled “TEX// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// connivens. 2/ TYPE USNM/ 48671// PARALECTOTYPE / Euphoria / connivens Csy ”. Euphoria retusa Casey, 1915 ; holotype male at USNM labeled “MEX// Casey/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE UNSM/ 48670// retusa/ Csy/ Euphoria / retusa/ Casey”. Euphoria wichitana Casey, 1915 ; holotype female at USNM labeled “Wallace, Ks/ W. Knaus.// Casey/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE UNSM/ 48669// wichitana/ Csy/ Euphoria / wichitana/ Casey”. Other material: MEXICO (66): CHIHUAHUA: Matamoros (1); COAHUILA: “Arroyo de Laja” (8), Carranza (27), Las Norias (3), Saltillo (9); DISTRITO FEDERAL: Ciudad de México (1); DURANGO: Gómez Palacio (1); NUEVO LEÓN: Aramberri (1), Cañon Santa Rosa (1), China (1), Cola de Caballo (2), García (1), Monterrey (1), Pablillo (1), Sabinas Hidalgo (1), San Cayetano de Vacas (3); TAMAULIPAS: San Antonio (3); ZACATECAS: Villa de Cos (1). USA (1,790): ARIZONA. Cochise Co. : Willcox (1); Pima Co. : Tucson (1); Yavapai Co.: Crater Mountain (1). ARKANSAS. No data: “Arkansas” (1). COLORADO. Bent Co.: Hasty (15), no data (6); Boulder Co.: Boulder (16), no data (4); Cheyenne Co.: Cheyenne (1); Denver Co.: Denver (7); El Paso Co.: Colorado Springs (26), Manitou Springs (1), Pikes Peak (4), Rock Creek Canyon (1), no data (1); Fremont Co.: Canon City (6), no data (5); Jefferson Co.: Morrison (1), no data (6); Larimer Co.: Fort Collins (3), Poudre Canyon (12); Las Animas Co.: Trinidad (1); Logan Co.: Peetz (1); Otero Co.: Vogel Canyon (21); Pueblo Co.: Pueblo (1); Sedgwick Co.: Sedgwick (4); No data: “Col.” (104). KANSAS. Barber Co.: Lake City (3), Medicine Lodge (8); Books Co.: Stockton (2); Finney Co.: Garden City (2); Ford Co.: Dodge City (9), no data (4); Gove Co.: No data (3); Hamilton Co.: No data (1); Kiowa Co.: Belvidere (8); Morris Co.: Council Grove (1); Rawlins Co.: No data (2); Reno Co.: No data (2); Riley Co.: No data (1); Scott Co.: Shallow Water (1); Seward Co.: No data (3); Sedgwick Co.: Viola (1); Trego Co.: Cedar Bluff State Park (1), no data (1); Wallace Co.: Sharon Springs (1), Wallace (4); Wichita Co.: No data (1); No data: “Ks” (2), “West Kansas” (2). MINNESOTA. Olmsted Co.: No data (1). NEBRASKA. Garden Co.: Lewellen (2); Fumas Co.: Beaver City (10); Hitchcock Co.: No data (9); McCook Co.: No data (22). NEW MEXICO. Chaves Co.: Elk (9), Roswell (40); Colfax Co. : Maxwell (1), Cathedral Rock (6); Curry Co.: Melrose (12); DeBaca Co.: Fort Sumner (12 mi. N) (3); Dona Ana Co.: Las Cruces (1); Eddy Co.: Carlsbad (6), Hope (35), Lincoln National Forest (1); Guadalupe Co.: New Kirk (4), Santa Rosa State Park (1); Lea Co. : Hobbs (1); Luna Co.: Deming (1); Otero Co.: Alamogordo (1); Quay Co.: Tucumcari (19); Roosevelt Co.: Milnesand (2), Portales (3); San Miguel Co.: Las Vegas (3); Sierra Co.: Hillsboro (1); Taos Co.: Taos (1); No data : “NM” (16), “Seleta” (3), “Velaverde” (1). OKLAHOMA. Alfalfa Co.: Great Salt Plains State Park (1); Beckham Co.: Erick (1); Bryan Co.: Durant (2); Caddo Co. : Bridgeport (3); Canadian Co.: El Reno (77); Carter Co.: Ardmore (2); Cherokee Co.: Cherokee (1); Cimarron Co.: Boise City (1), Kenton (6), Regnier (1); Comanche Co.: Cache (32), Fort Sill (2), Indiahoma (44), Lawton (4), no data (1); Custer Co.: Clinton (2), Weatherford (31); Garfield Co.: No data (5); Grady Co.: Chickasha (17); Harper Co.: Rosston (1); Logan Co.: Guthrie (12); Marshall Co.: Willis (1); Mills Co.: Sweetwater (11); Noble Co.: Perry (1); Payne Co.: Stillwater (11); Tillman Co.: Davidson (1); Tulsa Co. : Woodland (3); Woodward Co.: No data (21). SOUTH DAKOTA. Bon Homme Co.: Springfield (1); Pennington Co.: Rapid City (1); No data: “Western South Dakota” (1). TEXAS. Armstrong Co.: Palo Duro Canyon State Park (3); Austin Co.: Austin (1); Bastrop Co.: Bastrop (1); Bee Co.: Beeville (26); Bell Co.: Salado (1); Bexar Co.: Salado Creek (4), San Antonio (33); Blanco Co.: Cypress Mill (14), Pedernales Falls State Park (1), Round Mountain (2), no data (1); Bosque Co.: Cliffton (1); Brewster Co.: Alpine (12), Big Bend (13), Chisos Mountains (14), Glenn Springs (1), Marathon (2); Brown Co.: Brownwood (1); Burnet Co.: Burnet (2), Irks Lake (6); Callahan Co.: Baird (5); Carson Co.: Panhandle (59); Childress Co.: Childress (11); Clay Co.: Henrietta (1), Lake Arrowhead (1); Comal Co.: Bulverde (2); Crockett Co.: Ozona (3); Comal Co.: Bulverde (2), New Braunfels (6), no data (3); Cooke Co.: Gainesville (4); Coryell Co.: McGregor (8); Dallas Co.: Dallas (28), no data (2); Davis Co.: Davis Mountains Resort (2), Fort Davis (12); Dallas Co.: Dallas (17); Denton Co.: Denton (2); Duval Co.: San Diego (4); Dimmit Co.: Brundage (1), Chaparral Wildlife Management Area (1); Donley Co.: Hedley (1); Dundy Co.: Haigler (1); Eastland Co.: Cisco (9), no data (108); Edwards Co.: Rock Springs (1); El Paso Co.: El Paso (5); Fayette Co.: La Grange (1); Fisher Co.: Roby (6); Foard Co.: Crowell (1); Frio Co.: Pearsall (20 mi SE) (2), Poteet (22); Gillespie Co.: Fredericksburg (31), Luckenbach (1), Pedernales (2), no data (1); Gray Co.: McLean (7); Hamilton Co.: Hamilton (1), Hemphill Co.: Canadian (19), no data (2); Hidalgo Co.: Bentsen-Rio Grande State Park (3), Edinburg (2); Howard Co.: Big Springs (3); Hudspeth Co.: Sierra Blanca (1); Jeff Davis Co.: Davis Mountains (10), Wild Rose Pass (5), no data (9); Karnes Co. : Runge (35); Kendall Co.: Comfort (9); Kerr Co.: Kerrville (5); Kimble Co.: Segovia (2); Kinney Co.: Brackettville (2); Kleberg Co.: Kingsville (32), Riviera (3); Lampasas Co.: Lampasas (3); La Salle Co.: Cotulla (1), Encinal (1); Lee Co.: Fedor (1); Lubbock Co.: Lubbock (1); Mason Co.: Mason (6), no data (1); Medina Co. : D’ Hanis (6); Menard Co.: Menard (7); Maverick Co.: Eagle Pass (34); McLennan Co.: Waco (31); Mills Co.: No data (2); Montague Co.: Forestburg (2), no data (1); Nueces Co.: Corpus Christi (3), no data (18); Oldham Co.: Adrian (1); Parker Co.: Weatherford (1); Pecos Co.: Fort Stockton (14); Palo Pinto Co.: Brazos River (1); Potter Co.: Amarillo (2); Presidio Co.: Chinati Mountains (1), Marfa (4), Presidio (1); Randall Co.: Palo Duro Canyon (1); Real Co.: No data (1); Reeves Co.: Ninemile Draw (1); Smith Co.: No data (1); Scurry Co.: Snyder (2); Starr Co.: El Sauz (3), Rio Grande City (1), Roma (3), No data (15); Somervell Co.: Glen Rose (2); Stonewall Co.: Aspermont (2); Sutton Co.: Sonora (1); Tarrant Co.: Eagle Mountain Lake (1); Taylor Co.: Abilene (7); Terrell Co.: Independence Creek Reserve (3); Travis Co.: Austin (9), No data (2); Uvalde Co.: Uvalde (2), Sabinal (1); Val Verde Co.: Devils River (3), Dolan Falls (4), Seminole canyon (13), Val Verde City (5); Webb Co.: Laredo (19); Wheeler Co.: Shamrock (2); Wichita Co.: Wichita Falls (1); Wilbarger Co.: Vernon (3); Zavala Co.: Nueces River (4); No data: “Forest dale” (4), “Lub. Tex.” (1), “Rio Grande Valley” (1), “Texas” (1), “Tex.” (43); NO DATA: “Fountain Valley, California” (1), “Stowj Point N.Y.” (2). NO DATA (21): “Ind. Jer” (1), no data (20).

Figures

Fig. 44. Euphoria kernii. a) Habitus, b) Head, c) Parameres, d-e) Color variation, f) Temporal distribution, g) Geographic distribution in Mexico and the United States.