Cryptomaster behemoth Starrett & Derkarabetian

Starrett, James, Derkarabetian, Shahan, Richart, Casey H., Cabrero, Allan & Hedin, Marshal, 2016, A new monster from southwest Oregon forests: Cryptomasterbehemoth sp. n. (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea), ZooKeys 555, pp. 11-35 : 19-22

Taxon classification Animalia Opiliones Cladonychiidae

Cryptomaster behemoth Starrett & Derkarabetian sp. n. Figures: map 1; habitus 5B, D, 7B, D, F; somatic 6B, 8B, D, F; penis 6D, F, 9B, D, F; ovipositor 10F

Cryptomaster leviathan [partim] Derkarabetian et al. (2010)

Cryptomaster leviathan [partim] Shear et al. (2014)

Etymology.

The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, which refers to the large size of this species. Like leviathan , the specific epithet behemoth is derived from Hebrew; these are the names of two large and powerful beasts mentioned in the Book of Job.

Type material.

Holotype male and allotype female (deposited in CAS, CASENT9039221; SDSU_OP4026, SDSU_OP4029) from near Brice Creek, Brice Creek Road, 3.3 miles southeast of Forest Service Road 17, Umpqua National Forest, Lane County, Oregon; N43.6749°, W122.7290°; elevation 418 m; 29 March 2015; habitat: Acer macrophyllum , Thuja plicata , Pseudotsuga menziesii , Polystichum munitum forest; in and under large woody debris and other forest litter; collectors: J. Starrett, S. Derkarabetian, A. Cabrero, C. Richart. Paratypes: One female (deposited in CAS) from identical locality and information as holotype and allotype. Three females (two deposited in CAS, 1 deposited in SDSU_TAC; SDSU_TAC0000023) from Goodman Creek Road, off OR 58, northwest of Oakridge, Lane County, Oregon; N43.8429°, W122.6854°; elevation 340 m; 19 August 2014; habitat: old growth Douglas fir forest/woody debris; collectors: M Hedin, E Ciaccio, A Cabrero, J Starrett, S Derkarabetian. Two females (one each deposited in CAS and SDSU_TAC; SDSU_TAC0000234) from Brice Creek, Brice Creek Road, 3.3 miles southeast of FS 17, Umpqua National Forest, Lane County, Oregon; N43.6760°, W122.7290°; elevation 418 m; 29 March 2015; habitat: Acer macrophyllum , Thuja plicata , Pseudotsuga menziesii , Polystichum munitum forest; woody debris and litter; collectors: J Starrett, S Derkarabetian, A Cabrero, C Richart. One female (deposited in SDSU_TAC; SDSU_TAC0000028) from Highway 126, near Quartz Creek Road, Lane County, Oregon; N44.1248°, W122.3846°; elevation 300 m; 19 August 2014; habitat: decent Pseudotsuga menziesii forest; woody debris; collectors: M Hedin, E Ciaccio, A Cabrero, J Starrett, S Derkarabetian.

Diagnosis.

This species differs from Cryptomaster leviathan by having the enlarged SBT of PT rounded (Fig. 6B), and keel-shaped protrusion of dorsal plate of penis with apical pair of spines appressed and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the penis (Fig. 6D, F).

Genetic data.

GenBank Accession numbers: HM056724, KU059631-KU59638, KU059657-KU059666, KU059680-KU059689, KU059703-KU059712, KU059719-KU59728.

Morphbank images.

CASENT9039221, Holotype, Morphbank Specimen ID: 855951

<http://www.morphbank.net/?id=855951>, 1 image

CASENT9039221, Paratype, Morphbank Specimen ID 855929,

<http://www.morphbank.net/?id=855929>, 1 image

SDSU_TAC000023.5, Morphbank Specimen ID: 855929

<http://www.morphbank.net/?id=855929>, 1 SEM image

SDSU_TAC000023.6, Morphbank Specimen ID: 855930

<http://www.morphbank.net/?id=855930>, 12 SEM images

SDSU_TAC000203, Morphbank Specimen ID: 855932

<http://www.morphbank.net/?id=855932>, 16 SEM images

SDSU _OP1641, GUID: 38c9a86e-088d-4040-8988-af37fa74ad84

<http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=14702249>, 1 image

SDSU_OP1641, Morphbank Specimen ID: 835725

<http://www.morphbank.net/?id=835725>, 2 images

SDSU_OP1642, GUID: 8558ef80-a8c7-439d-bd93-dba8ec8d11d4

<http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=14702250>, 1 image

Description.

MALE: Measurements of holotype male, with the average and range of all nine specimens measured in parentheses (Suppl. material 1: Table S4).

Body length 3.40, scute length 2.69 (2.46; 1.97-2.75), scute width 2.58 (2.41; 1.97-2.75), prosoma width 1.88 (1.77; 1.48-1.94). Shoulder tubercles present but small. Scute microgranulate. Integument color without contrast dorsally at midline between prosoma and opisthosoma in all individuals. OC a low broad mound; height 0.14; width 0.59 (0.52; 0.39-0.59). Eye color dark brown; surrounding integument with black pigment. Ventral surface microgranulate. GO length 0.32 (0.31; 0.27-0.32), width 0.28 (0.27; 0.26-0.29).

Mesal SBT of PT relatively low, rounded, with seta near apex of tubercle. PF length 2.0 (1.78; 1.38-2.03), PF depth 0.76 (0.65; 0.44-0.8), with 4-6 ventral spines, with the basal pair prominent, usually 3 enlarged dorsal spines (sometimes 4), and 2 enlarged distal prolateral spines. Pedipalp patella with 2 (one specimen with 3) enlarged prolateral spines and 1 ventroretrolateral spine; tibia with rows of 5 enlarged pro- and retrolateral spines; tarsus with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral enlarged spines. PCS with 2 dorsal anterior spines (sometimes 1-3); and with 2 small retrolateral spines (sometimes 1); DCS with 2 rows of small, dorsal, forward-facing acute SBTs. PCS width 0.37, DCS length 1.63, DCS width 0.47.

Leg II length 10.59 (9.88; 8.15-11.0); trochanter 0.58 (0.53; 0.41-0.59), femur 2.66 (2.45; 1.99-2.72), patella 0.84 (0.8; 0.64-0.89), tibia 2.26 (2.14; 1.73-2.4), metatarsus 2.33 (2.22; 1.82-2.48), tarsus 1.93 (1.81; 1.54-1.97); tibia distally and ventrally swollen, with 3-5 rounded SBTs, 2-4 with setae twisted. Tarsal claw as for genus. Tarsal count 5 –13–5– 6; variation exists in the number of LII tarsal segments.

Penis elongate; glans laterally compressed, dorsal plate extending outward into a more rounded keel shaped protrusion, with two pairs of spines, both pairs appressed to plate (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the penis); ventral plate cultriform with dorsally curved apical process.

FEMALE: Measurements of allotype female, with the average and range of all 10 specimens measured in parentheses (Suppl. material 1: Table S4). Descriptive characters as for males unless otherwise noted.

Body length 2.94, scute length 2.35 (2.29; 2.05-2.69), scute width 2.5 (2.52; 2.23-2.75), prosoma width 1.62 (1.61; 1.49-1.76). Integument color darker than males, usually with light contrast dorsally at midline between prosoma and opisthosoma (in 7 of 8 individuals). OC height 0.12; width 0.47 (0.47; 0.4-0.52).

Mesal SBT of PT relatively low, rounded, with seta near apex of tubercle. PF length 1.53 (1.48; 1.39-1.64), PF depth 0.54 (0.53; 0.47-0.61), with 6 or 7 ventral spines (sometimes 5), with the basal pair prominent, with 3 enlarged dorsal spines (sometimes 4), and 2 enlarged distal prolateral spines (sometimes 1). Pedipalp patella with 2 enlarged prolateral spines and 1 ventroretrolateral spine. PCS with 2 anterior spines dorsally, with 2 small retrolateral spines; PCS length 0.30; DCS length 1.19, width 0.28.

LII length 8.66 (8.51; 8.15-9.38); trochanter 0.5 (0.49; 0.44-0.59), femur 2.15 (2.06; 1.95-2.29), patella 0.68 (0.69; 0.66-0.76), tibia 1.78 (1.79; 1.68-1.96), metatarsus 1.95 (1.91; 1.82-2.1), tarsus 1.6 (1.57; 1.55-1.69); Tarsal count 5 –11– 5-6; variation exists in the number of LII tarsal segments.

GO length 0.3 (0.3; 0.27-0.34), width 0.29 (0.3; 0.27-0.36).

Ovipositor with four lobes, lateral lobes largest with seven apical setae, and a single large spine with a bifurcate tip, ventral lobe smallest.

Other material examined.

See Suppl. material 1: Tables S1 and S4 for locality information of all specimens examined.

Distribution and Habitat.

For specific localities, habitats, and microhabitats see Suppl. material 1: Table S1. This species is distributed in the central Cascade Mountains of Oregon east and southeast of Eugene from Brice Creek in the Row River Drainage north to the north side of the McKenzie, with all known localities in Lane County. It is possible that populations occur further north in the western Cascades (Fig. 1). Habitats and microhabitats do not obviously differ from Cryptomaster leviathan , found in mature coniferous or mixed coniferous and hardwood forests, most often associated with large woody debris and bark.