Cacopsylla photiniae, Burckhardt, 2024

Burckhardt, Daniel, 2024, The Psyllinae (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) from Gunung Kinabalu (Malaysia, Sabah), Alpine Entomology 8, pp. 1-17 : 1

Cacopsylla photiniae sp. nov.

Figs 7 , 8 , 12 , 22-24 , 33 , 37-39

Type locality.

Malaysia, Sabah, Ranau, Gunung Kinabalu, Kinabalu Park, summit region, 6.0687°N, 116.5617°E, 3890 m.

Material examined.

Holotype. Malaysia • ♂; Sabah, Ranau, Gunung Kinabalu, Kinabalu Park , summit region; 6.0687°N, 116.5617°E; 3890 m; 30.iv.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8281; subalpine scrub, on Photinia davidiana ( Rosaceae ); MHNG, dry . Paratypes. Malaysia • 30 ♂, 15 ♀; same as holotype but MHNG, NCHU, NHMB, dry, slide . • 3 ♂, 6 ♀; same but summit region; 6.0687°N, 116.5617°E; 3890 m; 30.iv.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8282; subalpine scrub, on Leptospermum recurvum ( Myrtaceae ); MHNG, dry. • 6 ♂, 8 ♀; same but summit region; 6.0687°N, 116.5617°E; 3890 m; 30.iv.1982; D. Burckhardt leg.; #F8283; subalpine scrub, on Coprosma hookeri ( Rubiaceae ); MHNG, NHMB, dry, slide. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m; 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #13a; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae ; MHNG, dry . •, 2 ♀; same but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m; 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8756; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Leptospermum recurvum ( Myrtaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 1 ♂; same but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m; 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8757; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Myrica javanica ( Myricaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 11 ♂, 14 ♀; same but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m; 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8758; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Photinia davidiana ( Rosaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 1 ♂; same but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m; 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8759; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Vaccinium sp. ( Ericaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 1 ♀; same but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m; 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8760; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Rhododendron sp. ( Ericaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m; 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8762; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Rhododendron sp. ( Ericaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 3 ♂; same but summit trail, Panar Laban ; 6.0594°N, 116.5665°E; 3300 m; 4.v.1987; D. Burckhardt and I. Löbl leg.; #F8765; moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae , on Rhododendron rugosum ( Ericaceae ); MHNG, dry . • 35 ♂, 38 ♀; same but below Laban Rata ; 3155 m; 5.v.1987; A. Smetana leg.; MHNG, dry . • 4 ♂, 3 ♀; same but Laban Rata ; 3200 m; 4-8.v.1987; A. Smetana leg.; interception trap; MHNG, dry . • 1 ♂, 4 ♀; same but Laban Rata ; 3200 m; 9-20.v.1987; A. Smetana leg.; interception trap; MHNG, dry . • 3 ♂, 4 ♀; same but base of St. John's Peak ; 3450-4000 m; 20.v.1987; A. Smetana leg.; MHNG, dry . • 5 ♂, 4 ♀; same but base of St. John's Peak ; 4000 m; 7.v.1987; A. Smetana leg.; MHNG, dry . • 2 ♂, 2 ♀; same but base of St. John's Peak ; 4000 m; 8.viii.1988; A. Smetana leg.; #B88; MHNG, dry . • 3 ♀; same but summit trail; 3900 m; 30.iv.1982; B. Hauser leg.; Sab-82/21; Berlese leaf litter; MHNG, dry. • 4 immatures; same but summit trail; 3900 m; 30.iv.1982; B. Hauser leg.; Sab-82/21; Berlese leaf litter; MHNG, slide. • 1 ♂; same but summit trail, near Panar Laban ; 3270 m; 30.iv.1982; B. Hauser leg.; Sab-82/22; Berlese leaf litter; MHNG, dry . • 1 ♂; same but summit trail, near Panar Laban ; 1850 m; 28.iv.1982; B. Hauser leg.; Sab-82/26; Berlese leaf litter; MHNG, dry .

Diagnosis.

Adult. Vertex 0.4-0.5 times as long as wide; genal processes 0.9-1.2 times as long as vertex along midline, strongly narrowing basally, almost cylindrical otherwise, blunt apically, axis subparallel, separated in the middle. Antenna 1.8-2.0 times as long as head width; relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.4: 0.2: 0.2. Metatibia with very small genual spine. Forewing oblong-oval, widest in the middle, 3.6-3.8 times as long as head width, 2.3-2.5 times as long as broad, costal margin curved; pterostigma moderately long, irregularly narrowing to apex, with subparallel margins in the middle, ending above bifurcation of vein M; vein Rs distinctly curved in the middle; m1 cell value 2.2-2.7, cu1 cell value 2.5-3.0; veins beset with short setae; surface spinules present in all cells, leaving narrow spinule-free stripes along the veins; absent from basal third of cell c+sc; fields of surface spinules in each of the marginal cells widening to wing margin; relatively evenly spaced forming irregular rhombs or squares. Male proctiger tubular, weakly sinuate, 0.4 times as long as head width. Subgenital plate strongly sclerotised, in lateral view subglobular, with almost straight dorsal margin. Paramere shorter than proctiger, in lateral view, lamellar, weakly curved, with strongly sclerotised apical hook curved inwards and forwards; inner face with a subapical group of long bristles, and long setae along anterior and posterior margin. Distal segment of aedeagus bearing hook-shaped apical inflation. Female proctiger 0.8 times as long as head width; dorsal margin weakly concave, apex blunt. Female subgenital plate 0.5-0.6 times as long as proctiger, in lateral view, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex. - Fifth instar immature. Body 1.2-1.3 times as long as wide. Antenna 1.1-1.2 times as long as forewing pad; segments 4-6 1.0-1.1 times as long as segment 7; lacking capitate setae on flagellum. Meso and metatibia with two long capitate setae. Forewing pad with 10-14 medium long and long marginal capitate setae, lacking dorsal macroscopic setae; hindwing pad with 2 long, marginal capitate setae subapically, lacking dorsal macroscopic setae. Caudal plate 0.6 times as long as wide; lacking marginal sectasetae; with 7-8 long marginal, 3 long submarginal and 1-3 short dorsal capitate setae (one side only); margin of caudal plate wavy. Outer circumanal ring small, its length along longitudinal body axis much larger than its distance from caudal margin of caudal plate; indented anteriorly, closed anteriorly; consisting of a single row of narrowly oval pores.

Description.

Adult. Colouration. Head and thorax mostly reddish brown, abdomen black (Fig. 7 ). Head (Fig. 8 ) with occiput, coronal suture, foveae and fore margin of vertex almost black, base of vertex and anterior tips of vertex white; genal processes yellow. Antennal segments 1-3 dirty yellowish, segment 4 brown, segments 4-10 almost black. Pronotum white with each a lateral and sublateral dark brown dot on either side. Mesopraescutum with two sublateral longitudinal stripes in anterior half and white dots at posterior margin. Mesoscutum with dark brown longitudinal stripes. Mesoscutellum, in anterior half, black medially, white laterally. Metascutellum yellowish. Metapostnotum almost black. Fore and mid legs and metafemora brown. Fore and mid legs with femora basally dark greyish brown and apically yellow, tibiae and basitarsi dirty yellow and apicotarsi dark brown; hind leg with coxa brown anteriorly, ochreous posteriorly, femur and apicotarsus dark brown and tibia and basitarsus whitish. Forewing membrane whitish, transparent; veins light brown in basal half darkening to brown in apical half. Abdominal intersegmental membrane orange brown.

Structure. Conforming to the generic description of Ossiannilsson (1992). Body length ♂ 3.0-3.4 mm, ♀ 2.9-3.9 mm (10 ♂, 10 ♀). Head deflexed 45-80° from longitudinal axis of body (Fig. 7 ); as wide as mesoscutum. Vertex (Fig. 8 ) rhomboidal, 0.4-0.5 times as long a wide, concave at base, bearing microscopic setae and imbricate microsculpture; preocular sclerite narrow; genal processes 0.9-1.2 times as long as vertex along midline, strongly narrowing basally, almost cylindrical otherwise, blunt apically, axis subparallel, separated in the middle, evenly beset with sparse long setae, apex blunt (Fig. 8 ); eyes hemispherical. Rostrum 0.4-0.5 times as long as head width, in lateral view mostly hidden by mesosternum and only apical segment visible. Antenna 1.8-2.0 times as long as head width; relative length of flagellar segments as 1.0: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.4: 0.2: 0.2; antennal segment 3 longest; relative length of segment 10 and terminal antennal setae as 1.0: 1.7: 1.5. Metatibia 0.7-0.8 times as long as head width, with very small genual spine, weakly widening to apex, with 1+3+1 apical spurs. Forewing (Fig. 12 ) oblong-oval, widest in the middle, 3.6-3.8 times as long as head width, 2.3-2.5 times as long as broad, costal margin irregularly curved, relatively evenly rounded apically; pterostigma moderately long, at base narrower than adjacent part of cell r1, irregularly narrowing to apex, with subparallel margins in the middle, ending above bifurcation of vein M; vein C+Sc weakly, relatively evenly curved; vein M+Cu longer than half length of R; vein Rs distinctly curved in the middle; m1 cell value 2.2-2.7, cu1 cell value 2.5-3.0; veins beset with short setae; surface spinules present in all cells, leaving narrow spinule-free stripes along the veins; absent from basal third of cell c+sc; fields of surface spinules in each of the marginal cells widening to wing margin; relatively evenly spaced forming irregular rhombs or squares.

Male terminalia as in Figs 22-24 . Proctiger tubular, weakly sinuate, 0.4 times as long as head width; densely beset with long, setae in apical three quarters. Subgenital plate strongly sclerotised, in lateral view subglobular, with almost straight dorsal margin; sparsely beset with long setae along a broad transverse band stretching from dorsal margin to postero-ventral margin. Paramere shorter than proctiger, in lateral view, lamellar, weakly curved, with strongly sclerotised apical hook which is curved inward and forward; parameres in caudal view, forming O with dorsally widening margins; outer face sparsely beset with long setae in apical two thirds; inner face with a subapical group of long bristles, and long setae along fore and hind margin. Aedeagus long and slender; distal segment bearing hook-shaped apical inflation; sclerotised end tube of ductus ejaculatorius short, sinuate. - Female terminalia cuneate (Fig. 33 ). Proctiger 0.8 times as long as head width, 3.0-3.5 times as long as circumanal ring which consists of two unequal rows of pores; dorsal margin weakly concave, apex blunt; beset with moderately long setae in basal half, with a transverse row of 4 very long setae in apical third, a submedian longitudinal row of slightly shorter setae in apical third, and a lateral band of peg setae on either side in apical third. Subgenital plate 0.5-0.6 times as long as proctiger, in lateral view, irregularly narrowing to pointed apex; except for base beset with long setae, with a lateral band of peg setae in apical third on either side. Dorsal and ventral valvulae curved, the latter with a ventral denticle; lateral valvula irregularly rounded apically.

Measurements in mm (3 ♂, 3 ♀). Head width 0.70-0.78; antenna length 1.36-1.48; forewing length 2.56-2.80; length of male proctiger 0.28-0.30; paramere length 0.20-0.22; length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.20-0.22; female proctiger length 0.56-0.60.

Fifth instar immature. Colouration of slide mounted specimens. Dorsal sclerites light brown, membranes colourless. Cephalothorax yellow anteriorly, becoming gradually darker towards the rear. Antennal segments 1-3 yellow, segments 4-6 brown, segment 7 dark brown. Thoracic and basal abdominal sclerites slightly darker than wing pads and caudal plate. Legs yellow, tarsi light brown.

Structure. Conforming to the generic description of Ossiannilsson (1992). Body (Fig. 37 ) 1.2-1.3 times as long as wide. Antenna 7-segmented, 1.1-1.2 times as long as forewing pad; segments 4-6 1.0-1.1 times as long as segment 7; lacking capitate setae on flagellum. Thoracic tergites small. Meso- and metatibia with two long capitate setae. Forewing pad broad, rounded apically, with 10-14 medium long and long marginal capitate setae, lacking dorsal macroscopic setae; hindwing pad with 2 long, marginal capitate setae subapically, lacking dorsal macroscopic setae. Caudal plate 0.6 times as long as wide; lacking marginal sectasetae; with 7-8 long marginal, 3 long submarginal and 1-3 short dorsal capitate setae (one side only) (Fig. 38 ); margin of caudal plate wavy. Outer circumanal ring (Fig. 39 ) small, its length along longitudinal body axis much larger than its distance from caudal margin of caudal plate; indented anteriorly, complete (closed) anteriorly; consisting of a single row of narrowly oval pores.

Measurements (in mm) (2 individuals). Body length 1.62-1.66; antennal length 0.84; length of forewing pad 0.70-0.74.

Etymology.

Named after its host, Photinia .

Distribution.

Malaysia: Sabah, Gunung Kinabalu, at altitudes between 3200-4000 m. The single male extracted with Berlese funnels from a sample taken at 1850 m was probably blown there by the wind.

Host plant, biology and habitat.

Photinia davidiana (Decne.) Cardot ( Rosaceae ), a shrub or tree that is native to Borneo, Sumatra, Vietnam, the PR China and Taiwan ( POWO 2023). Cacopsylla photiniae was found in moss forest with Ericaceae and Myrtaceae and in subalpine scrub.

Comments.

Cacopsylla photiniae resembles C. laricirubera Li, 2011 in the lamellar paramere with a large, strongly sclerotised apical hook and the lens-shaped apical dilation of the distal aedeagal segment. The latter species is known only from a few adults from the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (PR China) collected on conifers.

Cacopsylla photiniae differs from C. laricirubera in the longer genal processes (about as long as coronal suture versus two thirds length of coronal suture), in the basally hardly (versus strongly) incised apical hook on the paramere, and in the shorter (versus longer) female terminalia. From Palaearctic Cacopsylla species associated with Rosaceae , C. photiniae differs in the fields of surface spinules of the forewing widening (versus narrowing) to the wing margin and the small (versus moderately large) circumanal ring of the fifth instar immature. In both these characters, it resembles the Cacopsylla species associated with Ericaceae with which it may be more closely related (cf. comment under C. graciliforceps ). Cacopsylla photiniae differs from these species in details of the male and female terminalia.

Figures

Figures 1 - 8. Cacopsylla spp. 1, 3, 5, 7. Habitus, in lateral view; 2, 4, 6, 8. Head, in dorsal view; 1, 2. C. graciliforceps; 3, 4. C. kinabaluensis; 5, 6. C. myrsines; 7, 8. C. photiniae.

Figures 9 - 12. Cacopsylla spp., forewing. 9. C. graciliforceps; 10. C. kinabaluensis; 11. C. myrsines; 12. C. photiniae.

Figures 13 - 24. Cacopsylla spp., male terminalia. 13, 16, 19, 22. Male terminalia, in lateral view; 14, 17, 20, 23. Inner face of paramere; 15, 21, 24. Distal aedeagal segment, same scale as paramere; 18. apex of distal aedeagal segment. 13 - 15. C. graciliforceps; 16 - 18. C. kinabaluensis; 19 - 21. C. myrsines; 22 - 24. C. photiniae.

Figures 25 - 33. Cacopsylla spp., female terminalia. 25, 29, 32, 33. Female terminalia, in lateral view; 26. Distal part of circumanal ring, in dorsal view; 27, 30. Subapical portion of proctiger, in lateral view; 28, 31. Dorsal and ventral valvulae. 25 - 28. C. graciliforceps; 29 - 31. C. kinabaluensis; 32. C. myrsines; 33. C. photiniae.

Figures 34 - 39. Cacopsylla spp., fifth instar immature. 34, 37. Habitus, in dorsal view, left side; 35. Long, thick, apically pointed marginal seta; 38. Short dorsal capitate seta; 36, 39. Circumanal ring; 34 - 36. C. myrsines; 37 - 39. C. photiniae.