Apiomithrax violaceus (A. Milne Edwards, 1868 )

Santana, William, Pohle, Gerhard & Marques, Fernando, 2004, Larval development of Apiomithrax violaceus (A. Milne Edwards, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea: Pisidae) reared in laboratory conditions, and a review of larval characters of Pisidae, Journal of Natural History 38 (14), pp. 1773-1797 : 1777-1780

Apiomithrax violaceus (A. Milne Edwards, 1868)

First zoea (figure 2)

Carapace (figure 2A). With long slightly curved dorsal and rostral spines, latter extending beyond antennule, and short straight lateral spines; ventral margin with densely plumose ‘anterior seta’ ( Clark et al., 1998a) posterior to scaphognathite notch, followed by four sparsely plumose setae, and optional plumodenticulate seta. Eyes sessile, with small papilla on peduncle. Frontal area between dorsal and rostral spine possesses a small protuberance with dorsal organ (sensu Martin and Laverack, 1992). Additional small knob with dorsal

Values are given as the mean and standard deviation, with range in parentheses. organ posterior to dorsal spine. Two pairs of simple setae present, one between

eyes and dorsal spine, another posterior to dorsal spine.

Antennule (figure 2B). Unsegmented, smooth, conical. Terminally bearing two long aesthetascs, two shorter aesthetascs and two short setae.

Antenna (figure 2C). Biramous, protopod pointed, shorter than exopod, about half the length of rostral spine, bearing two rows of sharp spinules; endopod bud present; one-segmented exopod with pair of serrulate setae about twothirds from tip, spinulations restricted to one-quarter of distal process beyond setae.

Mandible (figure 2D). Asymmetrical, with irregular medial toothed molar process and enlarged lateral incisor process bearing marginal teeth. Palp absent.

Maxillule (figure 2E). Coxal endite bearing seven setae, three terminal graded plumodenticulate, and subterminally four plumodenticulate setae. Basial endite with four terminal plumodenticulate cuspidate setae and three subterminal setae, two plumodenticulate and one plumose. Two-segmented endopod with proximal segment bearing plumodenticulate seta, distal segment bearing single plumodenti-

culate seta subterminally and two pairs of plumodenticulate setae apically. Exopod seta absent.

Maxilla (figure 2F). Coxal endite incipiently bilobed, 4z4 setae, three plumose, one plumodenticulate, and two plumodenticulate and two plumose setae, respectively. Basial endite bilobed, proximal lobe with five plumodenticulate setae and microtrichia on proximal margin, distal lobe bearing four plumodenticulate setae. Unsegmented endopod distally with three (rare) or four (common) terminal plumodenticulate setae; microtrichia on lateral margin. Scaphognathite marginally with 10 densely plumose setae, including distal process.

Maxilliped 1 (figure 2G). Coxa with developing seta. Basis with nine plumodenticulate setae arranged 2, 2, 2, 3. Endopod five-segmented with 3, 2, 1, 2 and 4z1 plumodenticulate setae. Incompletely bisegmented exopod with four terminal plumose natatory setae.

Maxilliped 2 (figure 2H). Coxa naked. Basis with three plumodenticulate setae. Endopod three-segmented; first segment naked, second with plumodenticulate seta, distal segment with four plumodenticulate setae. Incompletely bisegmented exopod with four terminal plumose natatory setae.

Maxilliped 3 (figure 2I). Present as small endo-, exo- and epipod buds.

Pereiopods (figure 2I). Present as small buds, chela enlarged.

Abdomen (figure 2A, J). Five somites. Somite 1 with pair of dorsal plumodenticulate setae, somites 2–5 each with pair of shorter simple setae. Posterolateral spines on somites 2–4 increasing in length distally; somites 2 and 3 with pair of dorsolateral processes. Pleopods absent.

Telson (figure 2J). Bifurcated, distinct median notch with microtrichia, three pairs of plumodenticulate setae on inner margin; each furcal shaft proximally bearing two lateral spines, longer spine with spinules, shorter spine naked; furcal shafts covered in rows of spinules for three-quarters length. Grouped denticul-

ettes present.

Second zoea (figure 3)

Carapace (figure 3A). Eyes mobile. Additional pair of simple setae just above eyes. Lateral margin with additional plumose seta.

Antennule (figure 3B). With eight long aesthetascs and two simple setae, one shorter than other; endopod bud present.

Antenna (figure 3C). Endopod bud enlarged to middle of protopodite.