Sinochlora Tinkham, 1945

Liu, Chun-Xiang & Kang, Le, 2007, Revision of the genus Sinochlora Tinkham (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae), Journal of Natural History 41 (21 - 24), pp. 1313-1341 : 1316

Genus Sinochlora Tinkham, 1945

Type species. Sinochlora kaeangtungensis Tinkham 1945, p 235 –246.

Description

Tinkham (1945).

Diagnosis

Male. Tegmen with stridulatory area elongate, left tegmen with stridulatory vein distinctly coarse, strongly elevated and massive above the wing plane, and right tegmen with mirror indistinct, only having a small transparent area ( Figures 1 , 2 ). Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with teeth regularly arranged, becoming gradually smaller from the middle to both sides ( Figure 3 ). Tenth abdominal tergum possessing a medial and a pair of lateral processes, which varies in different species ( Figures 4A, G , 5A, B, E , 6B , 7A, B , 9B, I , 10A, B, E , 11D, G ). Epiproct of various shapes, dorsally deeply concave towards the inside; ventral surface strongly convex downwards, with or without black long bristles according to the different species ( Figures 4C, D , J–L, 5C, 6C–E, 7C, D, 8G–R, 9J–L, 10C–E, F, 11F, G, K, L).

Female. Ovipositor equally broad throughout, axe-shaped, dorsal margin with apical part truncated and serrated, ventral margin with apical part spiniferous ( Figures 4F , 6G , 9 D–G).

Notes

We consider that Holochlora υoluptaria Carl, 1914 should be transferred to the genus Sinochlora for its following characters: black and white tegminal costal vein, strong black femoral spines, male tenth abdominal tergum possessing a straight crassus median process and two small lateral lobes (which is similar to S. sinensis Tinkham and S. nonspinosa sp. n.), male epiproct developed ( Figure 5E ), male subgenital plate with lateral margin convex after basal constriction ( Figure 5F ), and female ovipositor with apical half of dorsal margin truncated, finely serrated ( Figure 5G ).

Discussion

The genus Sinochlora is most closely related to the genus Holochlora in the tribe Holochlorini . Most similarities and differences between the two genera have been discussed in detail in Tinkham’s work (1945). Here we just mention features of the male stridulatory apparatus and male epiproct. These two genera share the following characters: male stridulatory vein on male left tegmen coarse, strongly elevated and massive above the wing plane, teeth of stridulatory file on the underside of left tegmen regularly densely arranged and becoming smaller proximally, and mirror on the right tegmen indistinct.

Figures

Figure 1. Male left and right stridulatory areas of Sinochlora species. (A, B) S. sinensis; (C, D) S. trapezialis sp. n.; (E, F) S. nonspinosa sp. n.; (G, H) S. hainanensis; (I, J) S. longifissa; China; (K, L) S. mesominora sp. n. (A, C, E, G, I, K) Male left stridulatory areas, dorsal view; (B, D, F, H, J, L) male right stridulatory areas, dorsal view.

Figure 2. Male left and right stridulatory areas of Sinochlora species. (A, B) S. szechaeanensis from Jiangxi Prov.; (C, D) S. szechaeanensis from Zhejiang Prov.; (E, F) S. trispinosa; (G, H) S. retrolateralis sp. n.; (I, J) S. tibetensis sp. n.; (K, L) S. aequalis sp. n.

Figure 3. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen of Sinochlora species. (A) S. sinensis; (B) S. trapezialis sp. n.; (C) S. nonspinosa sp. n.; (D) S. hainanensis; (E) S. longifissa; (F) S. szechaeanensis from Jiangxi Prov., China; (G) S. mesominora sp. n.; (H) S. retrolateralis sp. n.; (I) S. trispinosa sp. n.; (J) S. szechaeanensis from Henan Prov., China; (K) S. szechaeanensis from Hubei Prov., China; (L) S. szechaeanensis from Hunan Prov., China; (M) S. szechaeanensis from Zhejiang Prov., China. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 4. (A–F) Sinochlora sinensis; (G–M) S. trapezialis sp. n. (A, G) Male abdominal apex, lateral view; (B, H) male tenth abdominal tergum, dorsal view; (C, J) male epiproct, dorsal view; (D, L) male epiproct, ventral view; (E, M) male subgenital plate, ventral view; (F) female subgenital plate, ventral view; (I) male tenth abdominal tergum, dorso-apical view; (K) male epiproct, dorso-apical view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 5. (A–D) Sinochlora nonspinosa sp. n.; (E–H) S. υoluptaria; (I, J) S. tibetensis sp. n. (A, E) Male abdominal apex, lateral view; (B) male tenth abdominal tergum, dorsal view; (C) male epiproct, dorso-apical view; (D, F) male subgenital plate, ventral view; (G, J) female ovipositor, lateral view; (H, I) female subgenital plate, ventral view. (E–H) After Carl (1914, p 549, Figures 3–6). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 6. Sinochlora hainanensis. (A) Male abdominal apex, lateral view; (B) male tenth abdominal tergum, dorsal view; (C) male epiproct, ventral view; (D) male epiproct, dorsal view; (E) male epiproct, dorso-apical view; (F) male subgenital plate, ventral view; (G) female ovipositor, lateral view; (H) female subgenital plate, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 7. Sinochlora longifissa. (A) Male abdominal apex, lateral view; (B) male tenth abdominal tergum, dorsal view; (C) male epiproct, dorsal view; (D) male epiproct, ventro-apical view; (E) male subgenital plate, ventral view; (F) female subgenital plate, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 9. (A–G) Sinochlora mesominora sp. n.; (H–L) S. trispinosa. (A, H) Male abdominal apex, lateral view; (B, I) male tenth abdominal tergum, dorsal view; (C) male subgenital plate, ventral view; (D) male epiproct, dorsal view; (E, J) male epiproct, lateral view; (F, K) male epiproct, dorso-apical view; (G, L) male epiproct, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 10. (A–E) Sinochlora retrolateralis sp. n.; (F–G) S. stylosa. (A, F) Male abdominal apex, lateral view; (B) male tenth abdominal tergum, dorsal view; (C) male epiproct, lateral view; (D) male epiproct, dorsal view; (E) male epiproct, dorso-apical view; (G) female subgenital plate, ventral view. (F–G) After Shi and Chang (2004, p 337, Figures 2, 4, 5). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 11. (A, C–H) Sinochlora tibetensis sp. n.; (B, I–N) S. aequalis sp. n. (A, B) Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen; (C, I) male abdominal apex, lateral view; (D, J) male tenth abdominal tergum, dorsal view; (E) male cerci, dorsal view; (F, K) male epiproct, dorso-apical view; (G, L) male epiproct, lateral view; (H) male subgenital plate, ventral view; (M) female ovipositor, lateral view; (N) female subgenital plate, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.