Lecanora legalloana Elix & Øvstedal (2007: 94) MycoBank

Bungartz, Frank, Elix, John A. & Printzen, Christian, 2020, Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes), Phytotaxa 431 (1), pp. 1-85 : 11

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.431.1.1
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F74787FD-FFD1-FFAE-FF08-E53BFE58FC17
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Lecanora legalloana Elix & Øvstedal (2007: 94) MycoBank
status

Treatment

Lecanora legalloana Elix & Øvstedal (2007: 94) MycoBank View in CoL no. 510343

Type:— DOMINICA. SAINT MARK PARISH: Souffrière, 2-Jul-1892, Elliott, W.R. s.n. (TUR-Vain 05078– lectotype selected by Elix & Øvstedal 2007) .

( Fig. 3A–B View FIGURE 3 )

Thallus saxicolous, thick, contiguous, rimose-areolate, fissures with distinctly crenate to strongly serrate, tightly interlocking edges; surface white to creamish beige, smooth to ±roughened, epruinose, lacking soredia; prothallus a thin compact, blackened line, most pronounced where different thalli meet. Apothecia sparse to numerous, circular, 0.1–1 mm in diam., cryptolecanorine, immersed, not emerging, with a plane to slightly depressed, epruinose disc, margin not to barely differentiated from the surrounding thallus; hymenium hyaline, not inspersed, epihymenium lacking crystals, with a diffuse reddish brown pigment (arnoldiana -brown: K+ dull brown, HCl+ reddish brown, N−), pigment persistent in K (glabrata - type); proper exciple thin, rarely moderately developed and then with a diffuse reddish brown pigment (arnoldiana -brown), with few crystals; thalline exciple barely differentiated from surrounding thallus, with few large crystals that do not dissolve in K (pulicaris - type); hypothecium hyaline to pale yellowish (intensifying in K); ascospores 8/ascus, simple, narrowly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, (6.9–)8.1–11.0(–12.9) × (4.0)4.7–5.9 (–5.9) µm (n = 40). Pycnidia not seen.

Chemistry: Thallus cortex P+ yellow, K+ yellow, KC–, C–, UV–, medullary reactions identical with the thallus surface except where pigmented orange, the pigment K+ purple; containing atranorin [major], skyrin [major], zeorin [major], leucotylin [minor], and unknown terpenes [minor]; [specimens analyzed with TLC: Bungartz, F. 4823 ( CDS 28989), 4876 ( CDS 29075), 5639 ( CDS 33264)]. In the protologue Øvstedal & Elix (2007) did not mention zeorin or leucotylin, two secondary metabolites regularly found in Galapagos specimens. Instead Øvstedal & Elix (2007) report additional rugulosin, diploicin and 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone, none of which were found in the present specimens.

Ecology and distribution: New to Ecuador and the Galapagos, originally described from the Caribbean (French Antilles: Guadeloupe, Dominica and St.Vincent);a common saxicolous species,often growing with L.austrosorediosa , L. prosecha , L. subimmersa and Caloplaca diplacia , in similar habitats, close to the ground, dust-rich and ±nitrophytic.

Notes: Specimens of L. legalloana are distinguished from the superficially similar L. subimmersa by their content of skyrin, a deeply orange, K+ purple anthraquinone, always present in the lower medulla but sometimes sparse and in low concentrations (then only detected by spot tests or even TLC), occasionally more extensive and penetrating the entire medulla, very rarely reaching the upper surface and disfiguring it with conspicuous, deep orange spots. Lecanora prosecha , the only other Lecanora- species on Galapagos with skyrin can be distinguished by the presence of arthothelin. L. oreinoides is also very similar but this species has jet-black apothecia and thalline areoles with undulate but not distinctly serrate margins; it produces confluentic acid but lacks skyrin.

Specimens examined. ECUADOR. GALÁPAGOS: Española, N of Punta Cevallos, inland from coast, 1˚23’3.70’’ S, 89˚37’44.77’’W, 20 m alt., dry zone, Cordia lutea shrubland with Prosopis juliflora and Vallesia glabra , on rock, 09-Nov-2010, Bungartz, F. 8840 ( CDS 45658). Floreana, on W-slope of Cerro Alieri, 1˚17’24.10’’ S, 90˚27’8.90’’W, 347 m alt., transition zone, dense forest of Croton scouleri with few Scalesia pedunculata , Citrus sp. and Zanthoxylum fagara , top of basalt boulder, on rock, 12-Jan-2011, Bungartz, F. 9353 ( CDS 46640); inside the crater of Cerro Laguna at E-side of island, on W-exposed slope, 1˚16’11.80’’ S, 90˚23’17’’W, 245 m alt., transition zone, dense forest of Prosopis juliflora , Clerodendrum molle , very few Bursera graveolens and some Jasminocereus thouarsii in the upper part among lava outcrops and boulders; Ramalina usnea /anceps hanging in curtains from Clerodendrum twigs, on rock, 20-Jan-2011, Bungartz, F. 9971 ( CDS 47340); trail from La Primavera Farm to La Corona and Arco de la Reina, southeastern part of the island, 1˚19’21.60’’ S, 90˚24’45.89’’W, 219 m alt., transition zone, very dense scrub of Clerodendrum molle with some Croton scouleri , Waltheria ovata , few Prosopis juliflora and occasional trees of Geoffroea spinosa in flat area on generally SE-exposed, moderately inclined slope with few boulders, on rock, 24-Jan- 2011, Bungartz, F. 10147 ( CDS 47566); along rim trail of Cerro Pajas, eastern part of rim, 1˚17’44.77’’ S, 90˚27’15.6’’W, 442 m alt., humid zone, low dense vegetation of Zanthoxylum fagara , Scalesia pedunculata , Macraea laricifolia , Croton scouleri and ferns ( Polypodium tridens ) over lava boulders, on rock, 26-Jan-2011, Bungartz, F. 10264 ( CDS 47683); Cerro Pajas, inside the crater, around the small hut, at the end of trail off the dirt road to the highlands, 1˚17’50.5’’ S, 90˚27’23.19’’W, 376 m alt., humid zone, open, SE-exposed slope of lava cliff and boulders with some ferns, on rock, 12-Jan-2011, Bungartz, F. 9366 ( CDS 46653); near Wittmer Farm, Asilo de la Paz, in the lower slope of Cerro Asilo de la Paz, 1˚18’54.27’’ S, 90˚27’15.30’’W, 352 m alt., transition zone, young Scalesia pedunculata forest with Zanthoxylum fagara , Croton scouleri , Macraea laricifolia , Chiococca alba and some small lava boulders on NWexposed slope, on rock, 13-Jan-2011, Bungartz, F. 9457 ( CDS 46744); Pampa Larga, S of Cerro Asilo de la Paz, 1˚19’38.70’’ S, 90˚27’11.6’’W, 249 m alt., transition zone, herbaceous vegetation with dominant Phyla strigulosa , occasional grasses and other herbs, few small shrubs of Geoffroea spinosa , on rock, 13-Jan-2011, Bungartz, F. 9429 ( CDS 46716); at bottom of Cerro Asilo de la Paz, along trail to Pampa Larga, 1˚19’8.096’’ S, 90˚27’22.39’’W, 300 m alt., transition zone, cliff of lava tuff in young Scalesia pedunculata forest with Croton scouleri and Zanthoxylum fagara , on rock, 13-Jan-2011, Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1872 ( CDS 48228); trail going to Post Office Bay off the dirt road between highlands and Puerto Velasco Ibarra, 1˚16’57.27’’ S, 90˚26’41.10’’W, 310 m alt., transition zone, open shrubland of Croton scouleri , Zanthoxylum fagara , Macraea laricifolia , Waltheria ovata and lava rocks; Ramalina usnea /anceps forming long curtains hanging from branches, on rock, 14-Jan-2011, Bungartz, F. 9579 ( CDS 46858); plain between the two hills Cerro de los Chanchos and Cerro de los Burros, 1˚16’40.27’’ S, 90˚24’12.4’’W, 311 m alt., transition zone, open herbaceous area surrounded by dense forest of Clerodendrum molle and Croton scouleri , some rocks and boulders on the ground, on rock, 21-Jan-2011, Bungartz, F. 9996 ( CDS 47365), Bungartz, F. 9999 ( CDS 47368), 10000 ( CDS 47369); on W-slope of Cerro Alieri, 1˚17’24.10’’ S, 90˚27’8.90’’W, 347 m alt., transition zone, dense forest of Croton scouleri with few Scalesia pedunculata , Citrus sp. and Zanthoxylum fagara , on rock, 12-Jan- 2011, Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1758 ( CDS 48036). Pinta, along the trail up to the summit from the S-coast, 0˚34’34’’N, 90˚45’8’’W, 414 m alt., transition zone, Pisonia floribunda , Zanthoxylum fagara , the vine Cissampelos pareira , and Justicia galapagana in understory, on rock, 25-Feb-2007, Bungartz, F. 5739 ( CDS 33382); 0˚34’3’’N, 90˚44’56’’W, 233 m alt., transition zone, open woodland with Bursera graveolens , Zanthoxylum fagara , Pisonia floribunda , Croton scouleri , and few Opuntia galapageia among old lava flows; in between Alternanthera filifolia and grasses, on rock, 28-Feb-2007, Bungartz, F. 5952 ( CDS 33630); northern part of the western cliff above Las Pampas, 0˚35’10.80’’N, 90˚46’33.89’’W, 356 m alt., dry zone, open forest of small trees, Pisonia floribunda , Zanthoxylum fagara , Opuntia galapageia and Croton scouleri in E-exposed barranco, top and SSW-exposed slope of basalt boulder; sunny, on rock, 31-Jan-2008, Nugra, F. 613 ( CDS 38991). Pinzón, along the trail going up from Playa Escondida, N- to W-facing cliff above a crater, 0˚36’29’’ S, 90˚40’14’’W, 318 m alt., transition zone, dry transition zone with Cordia lutea , Croton scouleri , and at the bottom of the cliff also Scalesia baurii ssp. baurii , on rock, 16-Feb-2006, Bungartz, F. 3664 ( CDS 27482); in the valley on the W-slope of the highest mountain, 0˚36’41’’ S, 90˚40’11’’W, 310 m alt., dry zone, dry zone vegetation with Prosopis juliflora , Alternanthera filifolia , Maytenus octogona , and Croton scouleri , basalt, on rock, 16-Feb-2006, Aptroot, A. 64088 ( CDS 30649). San Cristóbal, Pan de Azúcar, inland from Bahía Sardinas at the NWcoast of the island, 0˚43’13’’ S, 89˚21’14’’W, 155 m alt., dry zone, E- to SE-exposed cliff at E-facing slope of the hill, on rock, 24-Apr-2007, Bungartz, F. 6435 ( CDS 34650); Cerro Colorado, enclosure for Calandrinia galapagosa near the viewpoint on the top, 0˚54’58’’ S, 89˚26’5’’W, 130 m alt., transition zone, open scrubland with Croton scouleri , Macraea laricifolia , Calandrinia galapagosa , Lecocarpus darwinii and few trees of Piscidia carthagenensis among lava boulders on SE-exposed slope of cinder cone, on rock, 29-Apr-2007, Bungartz, F. 6728 ( CDS 34972); below Tres Palos, humid zone, along stream, boulders, on rock, 22-May-1976, Lanier, J. s.n. (L-63768, COLO 298411), Lanier, J. s.n. (L-63766, COLO 298413); sector of the “Gotera de agua”, trail to Cerro Pelado, 0˚51’40.60’’ S, 89˚27’37.20’’W, 397 m alt., transition zone, upper transition zone, forest stand with Psidium guajava , Hippomane mancinella , Macraea laricifolia and Rubus niveus invading the understory, slope 15° SE, basalt rocks on the ground, on rock, 23-Aug-2008, Truong, C. 1515 ( CDS 39826); Clerc, P. 08-300 ( CDS 40154); trail to Ochoa, along the northern border of the National Park, ca 1 km N of El Progreso, 0˚53’32.60’’ S, 89˚33’18.39’’W, 294 m alt., transition zone, basalt outcrop just outside the farm area, shaded by vegetation, on rock, 24-Aug-2008, Bungartz, F. 8646 ( CDS 41292); trail to Cerro Mundo, passing by the “cañadas”, 0˚53’33.39’’ S, 89˚34’40.10’’W, 200 m alt., transition zone, with Hippomane mancinella , Zanthoxylum fagara , Psidium galapageium , P. guajava and Kalanchoe pinnata and Mormordica charantia invading the understory, slope 10-25° WNW, basalt lava, on rock, 25-Aug-2008, Herrera-Campos, M.A. GAL-489 ( CDS 43380). Santa Cruz, on the North side of the island, along the dirt road to the ash quarry Mina Granillo Rojo , 0˚36’56’’ S, 90˚22’3’’W, 570 m alt., transition zone, lower transition zone; dry semi-deciduous forest with Bursera graveolens and Zanthoxylum fagara , lava, on rock, 23-Feb-2006, Aptroot, A. 64548 ( CDS 31120); along the S coast of Santa Cruz, ca. 1.2 km to the east of the Charles Darwin Research Station ( CDRS), Puerto Ayora, 0˚44’44.5’’ S, 90˚17’42’’W, 13 m alt., coastal zone, bare lava rocks with Cryptocarpus pyriformis , Jasminocereus thouarsii , Opuntia echios , and Scutia spicata occasionally in between, lava, on rock, 10-Feb-2006, Aptroot, A. 63695 ( CDS 30250); at the bottom of the crater at Camote, 0˚38’10’’ S, 90˚17’37’’W, 298 m alt., humid zone, open flat area with herbs, scattered basalt boulders, trees and shrubs ( Psidium galapageium , Cestrum auriculatum , Zanthoxylum fagara , Croton scouleri ), on rock, 19- Feb-2007, Bungartz, F. 5639 ( CDS 33264); E-side of island, along road from Cascajo to El Garrapatero, 0˚40’22.10’’ S, 90˚14’41.70’’W, 137 m alt., transition zone, lower transition zone, open mixed forest of Bursera graveolens , Pisonia floribunda , Piscidia carthagenensis , Psidium galapageium , Erythrina velutina with an understory of Plumbago scandens , Alternanthera halmifolia , Bastardia viscosa , Zanthoxylum fagara a, on rock, 16-Jun-2010, Nugra, F. 901 ( CDS 44971). Santiago, summit of Cerro Gavilan, inner N- and NE-exposed crater rim, 0˚12’20’’ S, 90˚47’3’’W, 840 m alt., humid zone, N- and NE-exposed, steep basalt cliffs of crater rim with ferns ( Pityrogramma calomelanos var. calomelanos , Polypodium tridens , Dryopteris palmata , Adiantum concinnum , Blechnum polypodioides ) growing in crevices, lava, on rock, 23-Mar-2006, Aptroot, A. 65735 ( CDS 32327), Bungartz, F. 4772 ( CDS 28904); along the trail from the caseta in La Central to La Bomba (at the coast), cliff ca. 2.5 km NE of the caseta, 0˚13’41’’ S, 90˚44’10’’W, 533 m alt., transition zone, SW-exposed basalt cliff with some ferns ( Adiantum concinnum , Pityrogramma calomelanos var. calomelanos , and Blechnum polypodioides ) growing in crevices, on rock, 25-Mar-2006, Bungartz, F. 4876 ( CDS 29075); Cerro Gavilan, boulder field on the outer, S-exposed slope, 0˚12’25’’ S, 90˚47’4’’W, 830 m alt., humid zone, basalt boulder field with scattered vegetation ( Portulaca oleraceum , Ageratum conyzoides , Cyperus virens , Digitaria ciliaris ), on rock, 24-Mar-2006, Bungartz, F. 4823 ( CDS 28989). Isabela, Volcán Sierra Negra, along dirt road from Puerto Villamil to crater of Sierra Negra, 0˚55’12.4’’ S, 90˚59’38.20’’W, 30 m alt., dry zone, old lava flow with scattered vegetation ( Bursera graveolens , Opuntia echios , and Waltheria ovata ), on rock, 10-Sep-2007, Bungartz, F. 6954 ( CDS 36458), 6962 ( CDS 36466).