Zalmoxis kotys, Sharma, Prashant P., Buenavente, Perry A. C., Clouse, Ronald M., Diesmos, Arvin C. & Giribet, Gonzalo, 2012

Sharma, Prashant P., Buenavente, Perry A. C., Clouse, Ronald M., Diesmos, Arvin C. & Giribet, Gonzalo, 2012, Forgotten gods: Zalmoxidae of the Philippines and Borneo (Opiliones: Laniatores), Zootaxa 3280, pp. 29-55 : 48-50

Zalmoxis kotys sp. nov.

Figs. 18–21 , 22 c

Types. Male holotype ( MHNG) from East Kalimantan Province, Berau District, Hutan Wisata Sei Tangap , ca. 8 km west of Tanjungredeb , Borneo (2º 8’ 4” N, 117º 24’ 39” E), Indonesia, 30 m elevation, collected 2 October 2008 by P.J. Schwendinger . 1 male (used for DNA extraction [ex MCZ DNA104064-1]) paratype, same collecting data as holotype ( MHNG) . 2 male (1 dissected for genitalia and mounted on SEM stub 124600; 1 mounted on SEM stubs MCZ 124598–124599 ) paratypes, same collecting data as holotype ( MCZ 124597 ) . 1 male (used for DNA extraction [ex MCZ DNA104065-2 ]) paratype ( NMP) from East Kalimantan Province, Berau District, Hutan Mayang Mangurai , ca. 15 km southwest of Tanjungredeb , Borneo (2º 6’ 13” N, 117º 24’ 5” E), Indonesia, 20 m elevation, collected 30 September 2008 by P.J. Schwendinger . 1 male (used for DNA extraction [ex MCZ DNA104068]; dissected for anal plate, mounted on SEM stub MCZ 124602 ) paratype ( MCZ 124601 ) from East Kalimantan Province, Berau District, 1 km of road between Tanjungredeb and Tanjungselor, ca. 45 km north of Tanjungredeb, Borneo (2º 29’ 13” N, 117º 28’ 46” E), Indonesia, 190 m elevation, collected 29 September 2008 by P.J. Schwendinger.

Additional material studied. 1 subadult male, same collecting data as holotype.

Etymology. The specific epithet, a noun in apposition, refers to a goddess of the Getae (or Thracians). Kotys was the goddess of sexuality and promiscuity.

Diagnosis. Distinguished from congeners in the armature of the anal plate, which bears four prominent tubercles, the middle pair greater in size; and the armature of male leg IV, which bears two ventral rows of spiny tubercles on tibia IV enlarging distally.

Description. Total length of male holotype 2.36, greatest width of prosoma 0.92, greatest width of opisthosoma 1.70; length-to-width ratio 1.39. Body campaniform, orange to dark brown (in ethanol, depending on incidence of light), almost entirely with dense microgranulate surface microstructure. Eyes present on low, welldeveloped ocularium. Ocularium wider than long, removed from anterior margin of carapace, without spines or tubercles. Anterior margin of carapace with two pairs of pegs above coxae of leg I and single median peg. Scutal grooves of mesotergum distinctly forming obtuse “V” shape anteriorly. Mesotergum and free tergites with six regular belts of setose tubercles ( Fig. 18 ).

Ventral prosomal complex of male with coxae II and III meeting in midline, coxae I and IV not so. Anterior and posterior margins of coxae III with tubercular bridges to adjacent coxae, and coxae I–III with setose tubercles. Coxae IV of male greatly enlarged. Genital operculum sub-triangular. Spiracles not concealed, anterior to row of tubercles. Opisthosomal sternites with regular belts of low setose tubercles tapering medially. Anal plate armed with three rows of tubercles: anterior and posterior rows both with two low tubercles flanking the midline; and median row with six tubercles, enlarging medially, with innermost pair larger than all others ( Figs. 19 , 22 c).

Chelicerae ( Fig. 20 a) sexually monomorphic, with prominent bulla on proximal article. Proximal article with denticulate granulation basally and ventrally. Second article not incrassate, free of ornamentation, with dorsal margin bearing several setae. Distal article with delicate dentition, free of ornamentation. Palpi ( Fig. 20 b) robust and spined ventrally and/or ventrolaterally, typical of zalmoxids. Palpal tarsus with two pairs of megaspines.

Legs (20c–f) finely granulated. Trochanters, patellas, and tibias of all legs bearing irregular rows of setose tubercles. Leg I ( Fig. 20 c) trochanter with one small tubercle dorsally and two small tubercles ventrally. Femora of legs I and II with ventral row of small tubercles. Male leg IV ( Fig. 20 f) elongate and armed. Femur IV arcuate, bearing ventral and ventrolateral row of tubercles; ventral row enlarging distally with largest ventral tubercle flanked by two abruptly smaller tubercles distally, with one additional hook-like tubercle at distal-most part of segment. Patella IV with two ventral tubercles. Tibia IV with two ventral rows of tubercles enlarging distally. Metatarsi I–IV divided distally, with calcaneus less ornamented but generally more setose. Calcaneus of metatarsus IV with small setose dorsal tubercle. Tarsal claws I–IV smooth, unmodified. Tarsal segmentation 3: 6: 5: 6.

Appendage measurements of holotype (length/width):

	Tr	Fe	Pa	Ti	Mt	Ta	Total
Leg I	0.16/0.18	0.67/0.15	0.37/0.17	0.49/0.15	0.73/0.08	0.61/0.10	3.03
Leg II	0.33/0.26	1.08/0.16	0.56/0.21	0.86/0.17	1.05/0.08	1.10/0.09	4.98
Leg III	0.25/0.23	0.83/0.17	0.41/0.23	0.75/0.17	0.92/0.10	0.66/0.10	3.82
Leg IV	0.53/0.28	1.56/0.22	0.79/0.30	1.30/0.24	1.33/0.13	0.79/0.13	6.30
Palp	0.18/0.19	0.51/0.18	0.20/0.16	0.33/0.20	—	0.34/0.14	1.56
	Proximal	Second	Distal
Chelicera	0.49/0.24	0.72/0.23	0.20/0.05

Penis ( Fig. 21 ) with two pairs of setae on distal part of rutrum and three pairs of setae on pergula (one median, two ventrolateral). One small dorsolateral pair of setae posterior to pergula. Rutrum of arrowhead shape with lateral extensions. Pergula protruding ventrally.

Distribution. Known from three sites in East Kalimantan Province, Borneo, Indonesia.

Figures

FIGURE 18. Zalmoxis kotys sp. nov. (a) Male holotype, dorsal view; (b) Male holotype, ventral view.

FIGURE 19. Zalmoxis kotys sp. nov. (a) Ventral view of male paratype; (b) Opisthosomal region of male paratype.

FIGURE 20. Zalmoxis kotys sp. nov. (a) Left chelicer of male paratype; (b) Left palp of male paratype; (c) Male left leg I; (d) Male left leg II; (e) Male left leg III; (f) Male left leg IV.

FIGURE 21. Zalmoxis kotys sp. nov. (a) Pars distalis of male genitalia, dorsal view; (b) Pars distalis of male genitalia, ventral view.

FIGURE 22. Variation in anal plate armature; anterior end oriented up. (a) Zalmoxis cuspanalis Roewer, 1927; (b) Zalmoxis gebeleizis sp. nov.; (c) Zalmoxis kotys sp. nov.; (d) Zalmoxis mitobatipes (Roewer, 1926); (e) Zalmoxis derzelas sp. nov.