Senaspis umbrifera (Walker, 1849)
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5D883EC6-5306-4AC3-A0D7-8CA867324596 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7618E05-16F5-509B-A054-731C3FD59D5B |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Senaspis umbrifera (Walker, 1849) |
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Senaspis umbrifera (Walker, 1849) Figs 9 View Figures 9, 10 , 10 View Figures 9, 10 , 40-43 View Figures 40–43 , 44-45 View Figures 44–47 , 60 View Figures 60–63 , 61 View Figures 60–63 , 76 View Figures 74–76 , 77 View Figures 77–79 , 88 View Figures 86–90 , 98 View Figures 97–101 , 99 View Figures 97–101 , 110-113 View Figures 102–113
Merodon umbrifer Walker, 1849: 601.
Differential diagnosis.
A dark species (Figs 9 View Figures 9, 10 , 10 View Figures 9, 10 ) without distinct macula on wing but with darker medial area (Figs 76 View Figures 74–76 , 77 View Figures 77–79 ). It can be differentiated from S. nigrita by the basal half of the scutellum largely concolourous with the scutum (Figs 60 View Figures 60–63 , 61 View Figures 60–63 ) (scutellum largely yellow, contrasting with dark scutum in S. nigrita ; Fig. 59 View Figures 56–59 ). It resembles strongly S. melanthysana but can be differentiated by the following characters: metafemur (Fig. 88 View Figures 86–90 ) strongly thickened and distinctly concave ventrally (moderately thickened and straight to slight convex ventrally in S. melanthysana ; Fig. 86 View Figures 86–90 ); abdomen with mixed short pale and dark pile long lateral margins (Figs 98 View Figures 97–101 , 99 View Figures 97–101 ) (long dark pile in S. melanthysana ; Fig. 96 View Figures 91–96 ); long pale pile on sterna, except on sterna IV and V where dark (Fig. 10 View Figures 9, 10 ) (long dark pile on all sterna in S. melanthysana ; Fig. 6 View Figures 5, 6 ).
Examined material.
Merodon umbrifer Walker: Holotype, male, “Type” "Holo- // type" "38 // 11. 8 // 292" "HOLOTYPE ♂ of // Merodon // Merodon umbrifer Walker // SIERA LEONE // Pres by the Rev. // D.F. Morgan" "merodon // Merodon umbrifer . // Wlk." “NHMUK010369875” [NHMUK].
Other material.
(belonging to Senaspis near umbrifera ; see Comments). Benin • 1♀; Niaouli; 10 Dec. 2013; K. Jordaens and G. Goergen leg.; KMMA. Central African Republic • 1♀; Swane de Bébé; 7 Sep. 1970; L. Matile leg.; MNHN. Democratic Republic of the Congo • 1♀; Bamanya; 1-15 Sep. 1963; P. Hulstaert leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Banningville [= Bandundu]; Aug. 1985; A. Fain leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Basankusu; 1949; O.L.V. ten Bunderen leg.; KMMA • 1♂ 1♀; Bokuma; Jul. 1952; P. Lootens leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Eala; Jan. 1935; J. Ghesquière leg.; CNC • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Jul. 1935; KBIN • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 1935 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Aug. 1935; KMMA • 2♂♂; Eala, Sep. 1935; KBIN • 1♂; Eala; KMMA • 1♂; Ituri Forest; Jul. 1976; E.B. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • Kavumu to Kabuga road, Kivu; May 1951; H. Bomans leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Kapanga, Lulua; Nov. 1932; F.G. Overlaet leg.; CNC • 1♂; Leopoldville [= Kinshasa]; 1911; Mouchet leg.; KMMA • 1♂ 1♀; Medje; Ituri; Sep. 1910; Lang and Chapin leg.; AMNH • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1-10 Aug. 1910; KMMA • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 11-24 Aug. 1910 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 25-30 Aug. 1910 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 26-30 Sep. 1910 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Sep. 1910 • 1♂; Niangara; Nov. 1910; Lang and Chapin leg.; AMNH • 1♂; Poko; Aug. 1913; C.J. Wainwright leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Rwankwi, N of Lake Kivu; Apr. 1948; J May Leroy leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Shabunda, Lubongola; 1939; Hautmann leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Stanleyville [= Kisangani]; Mar. 1915; Lang and Chapin leg.; AMNH • 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; KMMA. Equatorial Guinea • 1♂; Fernando Po [= Bioko Island], Punta Frailes; Oct.-Nov. 1901; L. Fea leg.; MCSNG. Uganda • 1♂; Budongo forest, nr Lake Albert; 1 Apr. 1972; E.B. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • 1♂; Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park, Kigezi; 1-10 Jun. 1972; E.B. Babyetagara leg.; CNC; 1♀; Entebbe; 17 Jun. 1972; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 1♀; Entebbe; 1-11 Sep. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12-20 Jan. 1912. • 1♀; Kayonza Forest, Kigezi; May 1972; E.B. Babyetagara leg.; CNC.
Description.
Body length: 12.7-17.5 mm (type specimen: 12.7 mm). Wing length: 9.0-12.8 mm (type specimen 9.0 mm).
Male (Figs 9 View Figures 9, 10 , 10 View Figures 9, 10 ) (based on type of Senaspis umbrifera and non-type material listed above as Senaspis near umbrifera ). Head (Figs 40 View Figures 40–43 , 41 View Figures 40–43 , 44 View Figures 44–47 , 45 View Figures 44–47 ). Eye bare; holoptic, eye contiguity for distance equal to length or 1.5 times length of ocellar triangle, facets dorsally slightly larger, at most twice as large in diameter as ventral ones. Frons black-brown; largely subshiny with black pollinosity in dorsal fifth only, along eye margins narrowly silver-grey pollinose; dispersed short dark pile, dorsally somewhat longer. Face brown to black-brown; subshiny with pale brownish to greyish pollinosity, in parts more densely so, medial part and especially facial tubercle largely devoid of pollinosity; pollinose parts with dispersed long pale pile; facial tubercle strongly pronounced. Gena colour and pollinosity as ventral lateral margins of face; with short to long pale pile. Occiput black-brown, covered with dull grey pollinosity; with dispersed pale pile except dorsally where sometimes darker yellow to black. Antennal segments black-brown, arista orange-brown to brown.
Thorax (Figs 60 View Figures 60–63 , 61 View Figures 60–63 ). Scutum subshiny black, with brownish to brownish grey pollinosity; with short pale pile, usually intermixed with dispersed black pile. Scutellum apical margin weakly rounded, distinctly marginate, three times as wide as long; pale brownish, anterior margin narrowly darker brown; with short pale pile, usually with dark pile on disc (sometimes entirely pale pilose), pilosity along apical margin somewhat longer. Pleura ground colour black-brown, greyish pollinose, anepimeron less so; covered with dispersed long pale pile except on meron, dorsomedial anepimeron, ventral part of katepimeron, anterior part of katepisternum and anterior anepisternum; pilosity on posterior anepisternum more conspicuous.
Legs. Brown to black-brown, sometimes more reddish brown; with short black pile, along posterior margin of pro- and mesofemora with longer pile, sometimes more pale in basal part; along ventral margin of metafemur with longer dark pile, basally with anterodorsal patch of longer pale pile. Metaleg (Fig. 88 View Figures 86–90 ), femur distinctly thickened and moderately curved, with one distinct ventral swelling in apical fifth, short black pile more dense where swollen; tibia slightly bent at base, thickened and curved, pile along ventral margin in apical half to two-thirds longer and more dense.
Wing (Figs 76 View Figures 74–76 , 77 View Figures 77–79 ). Faint yellowish brown tinge, more pronounced in medial part cell r1, basal part r2+3 and distal part br; towards posterior margin and apex more greyish. Calypters yellow-white to pale brown, with fringe of yellow-white pile. Cell r1 closed; if petiolate than petiole at most approx. as long as half the height of base of stigma. Vein R4+5 sinuate but not appendiculate.
Abdomen (Figs 98 View Figures 97–101 , 99 View Figures 97–101 ). Uniformly subshiny red-brown to black-brown, anterolateral parts of tergum II sometimes less dark; sometimes indistinct black-brown pollinose medial macula along anterior margin of terga II and III; with short dark pile, except tergum 1, and anterolateral parts of tergum II where pale pile; lateral margins usually dark pilose, at most tergum IV partly pale pilose and terga II and III mixed pale and dark pile. Type of Senaspis umbrifera lateral margins completely pale pilose (Fig. 98 View Figures 97–101 ). Postabdomen conspicuously swollen. Sterna with dispersed long pale pile, on sterna IV and V darker. Male genitalia as in Figs 110-113 View Figures 102–113 (see Comments).
Female (based on material identified as Senaspis near umbrifera ). As male except for the following character states. Head (Figs 42 View Figures 40–43 , 43 View Figures 40–43 ), eye dichoptic, facets equal to subequal in size. Frons with black pollinose fascia in dorsal part for length at least equal to ocellar triangle, bordered by very narrow and less dense greyish-brown fascia. Scutellum, dark pile on disc less outspoken, more predominantly paly pilose. Wing, vein R4+5 sometimes very short appendiculate. Abdomen with dark pile along lateral margins of all terga.
Distribution.
Benin, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Sierra Leone, Uganda (but see Comments).
Comments.
The type specimen of S. umbrifera originates from Sierra Leone. It is in poor condition and the male genitalia were dissected prior to our study; thus, we cannot exclude a mixing of genitalia with another specimen. When comparing the genitalia with some non-type material, some slight differences were observed regarding the shape of the surstyli, the most explicit difference being the shape of the surstyli in lateral view (curved and pointed in the type species (Fig. 111 View Figures 102–113 ); straight and not pointed in the other material (Fig. 113 View Figures 102–113 ) and similar to the shape observed in S. melanthysana (Fig. 109 View Figures 102–113 ). However, no major morphological differences could be observed and except for the differently shaped surstylus the type falls within the observed variability for the characters studied. The only other minor morphological difference observed is that the lateral margin of the abdominal terga of the type is covered with short pale pile while in all other specimens this is black or intermixed black and pale pile. Furthermore, the type is recognized by the entirely pale pile on the scutellum (variable in other specimens); the legs being more red-brown (brown to black-brown in others) and the calypters being yellow-white (yellow-white to pale brown in others). No additional specimens could be obtained from the same region while all non-type male specimens originate from Central Africa (Equatorial Guinea eastwards to Uganda). As the observed differences are very minor, we prefer to take a conservative position by provisionally listing all non-type material under S. umbrifera (listed as " Senaspis near umbrifera "). We consider the morphological differences too minor to warrant describing it as a separate species and propose to await additional material, especially from western Africa before making a formal decision. The only differentiating character (pale pile along lateral margins of abdomen) is, however, incorporated in the identification key. All major structures are also illustrated both for the type specimen and representative non-type specimens.
Senaspis umbrifera resembles S. melanthysana in most respect regarding body coloration and pilosity, and wing markings. However, a number of distinct differences could be discerned as pointed out in the key above: the lower calypter has a fringe of pale hairs (dark in Senaspis melanthysana ); the abdominal sterna I-III have long pale pile (dark in Senaspis melanthysana ), the lateral margins of the abdominal terga have short pale pile along most of their length (long dark pile in Senaspis melanthysana ), and the metafemur is strongly thickened and distinctly curved (moderately thickened and straight in Senaspis melanthysana ).
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