Cremastosperma gracilipes R.E.Fr.
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https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7D8BA7A-B656-CDAA-4657-CD1AEF39D3ED |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Cremastosperma gracilipes R.E.Fr. |
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13. Cremastosperma gracilipes R.E.Fr. Figs 1d View Figure 1 , 21 View Figure 21 , Map 4 View Map 4
Cremastosperma gracilipes R.E.Fr. Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 325. t. 26.
Type.
PERU, Ost-Peru, Regenwald von Ost-Peru: Stromgebiet des Marañon von Iquitos aufwärtsbis zur Santiago Mündung am Pongo de Manseriche, oberer Marañon; unterhalb des Pongo de Manseriche, flutfreier Hochwald, 155 m a.s.l., 13 Dec 1924, Tessmann, G. 4748 (holotype: B! [B 10 0242370]; isotype: S! [S-R-6960]).
Description.
Tree or shrub 0.5-10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed brown hairs to 0.4 mm long. Leaves: petioles 2-8 by 1-2.5 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 11-28 by 3-10 cm (index 2 –4(– 4.7)), chartaceous, (pale) greyish- or brownish-green on both sides, often more greyish above, glabrous on both sides, base acute to obtuse or rounded, apex caudate (cusp 10-35 mm long), primary vein lightly grooved for basal third, 1-1.5 mm wide at widest point, more or less verrucose below, secondary veins 8-17, often 1-3 intersecondary veins, distance between from ca. 5 mm at the base to up to 25(-30) mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein rather variable, from 45-80° at the base to 60-80° closer to the apex, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-6.5 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers, on leafy twigs; peduncles 1-4 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 2-5 by 1.5-2 mm (in fruit); pedicels (12 –)15– 25 by 1 mm at the base (in flower), 14-30 by 1-1.5 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely covered with more or less erect brown hairs 0.2 mm long; 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 1 mm long, soon falling off, rather densely covered with more or less erect brown hairs 0.2 mm long; upper bract attached around midway along the pedicel, ovate or broadly so, 1-3 by ca. 1 mm, obtuse or acute, outer side sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening loosely in development; flowers green to greenish-yellow, pale yellow or cream in vivo, dark brown with a lighter brown calyx in sicco, outer sides of sepals and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with erect or appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long, inner sides glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long (or inner petals papillate); sepals free, broadly ovate to deltate, recurved, 3-4 by 2.5-4 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals (broadly) elliptic to ovate, 9-15 by 7-12 mm, inner petals elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 8-16 by 4-7 mm; androecium ca. 5 mm diam., stamens 1.2-1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.7-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels ca. 25, ca. 2.2 mm long, sparsely covered with erect golden hairs 0.1 mm long. Monocarps 3-23, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 10-15 by 7-9 mm, with an excentric apicule, green maturing to pink or yellow through to red, purple and black in vivo, reddish or dark brown in sicco; stipes green maturing to pink or yellow to red in vivo, 7-17 by 1-1.5 mm, increasing to 3 mm diam. when mature; fruiting receptacle 3-8 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to rather densely covered with erect whitish hairs 0.1 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, 5-8 by 3.5-6 mm, raphe sunken, regular.
Distribution.
Amazonian Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Putamayo), Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza) and Peru (Loreto).
Habitat and ecology.
Primary forest, but also secondary, inundated and non-inundated forest. At elevations of 100-500 m. Flowering: January and April - August; fruiting: throughout the year.
Vernacular names.
Ecuador: Ambi cara caspi (Hurtado 3019); Ansuelo caspi muyo (Lawesson et al. 39560), Ayacara (Whitmore 871), Daycabome (Huaorani; M. Aulestia et al. 1726), Muncapatamo (Huaorani; Espinoza et al. 578).
Notes.
Cremastosperma gracilipes most closely resembles C. microcarpum . The hairs on the flowers are shorter and less dense, which results in their drying a darker brown. The leaves are further generally distinctive in the shape of the apex (markedly caudate with an often long drip-tip) and in the green colour they consistently retain on drying. However, none of these characteristics is easy to define objectively or usefully and, although the geographic distributions of the two species are somewhat different (with C. microcarpum extending further into lowland Amazonia), there is apparent overlap. The species are closely related and further data to test their boundaries and the potential for gene-flow between species/populations is warranted. The leaves of C. longicuspe are similar to those of C. gracilipes , but in contrast to C. gracilipes , both flowers and fruit are entirely glabrous.
Preliminary conservation status.
Cremastosperma gracilipes is one of the more widespread and abundant species of the genus, including occurrences in protected areas in Colombia and Ecuador, as well as in Peru. Least concern [LC] (Table 1 View Table 1 ).
Selected Specimens Examined.
COLOMBIA. Amazonas: Parque Nacional Amacayacu, 3°45'S, 70°15'W, 100 m a.s.l., 9 Aug 1989, Vásquez et al. 12675 (U). ECUADOR. Napo: Yasuní Forest Reserve, 0°40'S, 76°28'W, 240-310 m a.s.l., 27 Jun 1995, Acevedo-Rodríguez 7543 (US); Añangu, Río Napo, 0°30'S, 76°25'W, 300 m a.s.l., 9 Apr 1982, Balslev 2418 (QCA); Comuna San José de Payamino, 0°30'S, 77°18'W, 300 m a.s.l., 1 Dec 1983, Balslev et al. 4634 (AAU, NY); Punto Aguarico, 0°05'N, 76°59'W, 300 m a.s.l., 6 Apr 1980, Brandbyge et al. 30472 (AAU, MO, NY, U, WU); San Pablo de Los Secoyas, 0°15'S, 76°21'W, 300 m a.s.l., 7 Aug 1980, Brandbyge et al. 32589 (AAU, U); Reserva Biológica Jatun Sacha, 1°04'S, 77°36'W, 450 m a.s.l., 17 Jan 1987, Cerón 702 (MO, U); El Chuncho Floristic Reserve, 0°30'S, 77°01'W, 250 m a.s.l., 1 Oct 1987, Cerón et al. 2321 (MO); El Coca-Los Sachas Road, 0°25'S, 76°55'W, 250 m a.s.l., 8 Oct 1987, Cerón & Neill 2428 (MO, U); Parque Nacional Sumaco, 0°24'S, 77°23'W, 540 m a.s.l., 6 Nov 1996, Dik 1732 (MO); La Joya de los Sachas, 0°25'S, 76°37'W, 250 m a.s.l., 14 Sep 1992, Gudiño & Grefa 1787 (MO); San José de Payamino, 40 km W of Coca, 0°30'S, 77°20'W, 300-600 m a.s.l., 23 Apr 1984, Irvine 817 (F); Parque Nacional Yasuní, Añangu, 0°31'S, 76°23'W, 270 m a.s.l., 18 Feb 1983, Luna et al. 9057 (NY, U); Reserva Etnica Huaorani, 0°39'45"S, 76°40'00"W, 300 m a.s.l., Naranjo & B. Freire 493 (MO); Via Loreto, 4 km W of Río Payamino, 1°28'S, 77°02'W, 250 m a.s.l., 3 Aug 1986, Neill et al. 7195 (MO); Río Tiputini, 0°43'S, 76°57'W, 300 m a.s.l., 21 Jul 1991, Ollgaard et al. 99056 (AAU); Parque Nacional Yasuní, 0°26'S, 76°35'W, 250 m a.s.l., 7 Jun 1994, Pitman 195 (U); Comunidad Kichwa El Eden, 0°31'35"S, 76°05'40"W, 200 m a.s.l., D. Reyes & Carillo 691 (MO); Estación Científica Yasuní, 0°38'S, 76°30'W, 200-300 m a.s.l., 27 Aug 1995, Romoleroux & Grefa 1834 (U); Sector Huashito, 0°20'S, 77°05'W, 250 m a.s.l., 3 Nov 1989, Rubio 320 (MO); Río Pacuno, Bimbino, 0°40'S, 77°20'W, 300 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 1960, Whitmore 737 (U); INIAP-Payamino Experimental Station, 0°26'S, 77°01'W, 250 m a.s.l., 3 Sep 1986, Zaruma 581 (AAU, MO, NY, U). Pastaza: Pandanuque, S of oil well Villano 2 de ARCO, 1°28'S, 77°27'W, 550 m a.s.l., 30 Aug 1997, Alvarez et al. 2405 (MO); Pozo petrolero ‘Namoyacu’ de UNOCAL, 1°40'S, 76°57'W, 290 m a.s.l., 13 Nov 1990, Espinoza et al. 578 (MO); Pozo petrolero ‘Masaramu’ de UNOCAL, 0°44'S, 76°52'W, 400 m a.s.l., 1 May 1990, Gudiño 310 (MO); Pozo petrolero Villano 2 de ARCO, 1°25'S, 77°20'W, 400 m a.s.l., 1 Dec 1991, F. Hurtado 3019 (U); Lorocachi, 1°38'S, 75°58'W, 200 m a.s.l., 24 May 1980, J. Jaramillo et al. 30773 (AAU, U); Río Acaro or Challuayacu, 1°23'S, 77°25'W, 360 m a.s.l., 19 Jan 1998, Neill et al. 11095 (MO); Río Pastaza, 2°20'S, 76°55'W, 285 m a.s.l., 24 Jul 1980, Ollgaard et al. 35223 (AAU); Río Curaray, 1°30'S, 76°32'W, 230 m a.s.l., 3 Sep 1985, Palacios & Neill 783 (MO, U). PERU. Loreto: Oleoducto Secundario road betw. Bartra 1 & 4, 2°30'S, 75°45'W, 200 m a.s.l., 15 Sep 1979, C. Díaz & N. Jaramillo 1411 (U); Prov. Maynas, NE of Comun Serafin Filomeno, 4°08'S, 72°55'W, 120-130 m a.s.l., 7 May 1991, Grández et al. 2488 (MO); Distr. Nauta, "20 Enero", 4°39'12"S, 73°49'18"W, 150 m a.s.l., 22 Jun 2006, Huamantupa & N. Smith 7746 (MO, WAG); Río Ampiyacu, Pebas and vicinity, 3°10'S, 71°49'W, 4 May 1977, Plowman et al. 7248 (GH); Prov. Requena, Distr. Tapiche, Quebrada Yanayacu, 6°15'49"S, 73°54'31"W, 15 Oct 2014, Ríos et al. 4422 (F); Andoas, 2°55'S, 76°25'W, 180 m a.s.l., 9 Sep 1983, Vásquez 4423 (MO); Yanamono Explorama Reserve, 3°30'S, 73°05'W, 108 m a.s.l., 25 Oct 1989, Vásquez & N. Jaramillo 13007 (MO, U); Allpahuayo-IIAP, 4°10'S, 73°30'W, 150-180 m a.s.l., 11 Jul 1991, Vásquez et al. 17376 (MO).
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