Bracon (Bracon) pectoralis Wesmael, 1838

Papp, Jenő & Xviii, Budapest, 2012, A revision of the Bracon Fabricius species in Wesmael’s collection deposited in Brussels (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae), European Journal of Taxonomy 21, pp. 1-154 : 70-74

Bracon (Bracon) pectoralis Wesmael, 1838

Figs 33 A-I, 34A, 35A-I

Braco pectoralis Wesmael, 1838: 12 ♀♁ (type material: 3 ♀♀ + 1 ♁), type locality: “environs de Liège” ( Belgium), ♀ lectotype (and two ♀ + one ♁ paralectotypes, present designation) in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels; examined.

Bracon pectoralis var. maculatus Papp, 1968: 192 (in key), 206 (description), localities: Hungary (Vácduka, Pécs), Romania: Transylvania (Rév = Vadul Crişului); examined, identical with var. fumigatus (Szépligeti) .

Bracon fumigatus Szépligeti, 1901: 184 (in key), 273 (description) (in Hungarian); 1904 (1901): 161 (in key) and 170 (description) (in German) ♀ (type series: 1 ♀), type locality: “ Budapest ” ( Hungary), ♀ lectotype in Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum, Budapest; examined.

Bracon ochrosus Szépligeti, 1896: 290 (description in Hungarian) and 363 (description in German) ♁ (type series 1 ♁), type locality: “Budakesz”(-i) ( Hungary), ♁ holotype in Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum, Budapest; examined.

Bracon pectoralis – Szépligeti 1901: 183 (in key, in Russian); 1904 (1901): 158 (in key, in German).

Bracon (Bracon) pectoralis – Fahringer 1927: 236 (♀), 245 (♁) (in key), 332 (redescription), assigned to “Section Striobracon ” (= Bracon s. str.). — Telenga 1936: 158 (♀), 166 (♁) (in key), 229 (redescription) (in Russian) and 360 (♀), 369 (♁) (in key in German). — Papp 1968: 192 (in key), 206 (taxonomy). — Shenefelt 1978: 1523 (literature up to 1974). — Tobias 1986: 124 (in key in Russian). Tobias & Belokobylskij 2000: 124 (in key in Russian).

Bracon (in sp.) pectoralis – Tobias 1961a: 157 (redescription).

Bracon fumigatus – Fahringer 1927: as valid species 243 (in key) and 318 (redescription), assigned to “Sektion Striobracon ” (= Bracon s. str.). — Telenga 1936: as valid species 166 (in key), 262 (redescription) (in Russian) and 368 (in key in German). — Papp 1968: as valid species 196 (in key) and 200 (type designations). — Shenefelt 1978: 1487 (as valid species after Papp l.c., literature up to 1968). — Tobias 1986: 125 (in key as synonym of B. intercessor Nees ). — Papp 2004: 175 (as B. pectoralis var. fumigatus , type designation and depository); 2008: 1790 (as synonym of B. pectoralis ).

Bracon ochrosus – Szépligeti 1901: 262 (in key); 1904 (1901): 163 (in key) ♁. — Fahringer 1927: as valid species 277 (in key) and 410 (redescription), assigned to “Section Orthobracon ”. — Telenga 1936: as valid species 166 (in key), 264 (redescription) (in Russian) and 369 (in key in German). — Papp 1968: 206 (designation of the holotype, synonymization). — Shenefelt 1978: 1523 (as synonym of B. pectoralis after Papp l.c., literature up to 1968). — Tobias 1986: not mentioned. — Papp 2004: 179 (type depository, as synonym of B. pectoralis ), 2008: 1790 (as synonym of B. pectoralis ).

Designation of the ♀ lectotype of B. pectoralis

(First label, printed) “ Coll. Wesmael ”; (second, printed) “2023”; (third label) “ Braco ♀ / pectoralis mihi” (handwritten) “dét. C. Wesmael ” (printed); (fourth label, printed red) “Type”; (fifth label attached by me) “ Belgique ” (printed) / “Liège / leg. M. Robert ” (my handwriting) (“teste J. Papp 1987” reverse on fifth label with my handwriting); sixth label is the lectotype card. Lectotype is in good condition: (1) micropinned, (2) both flagelli missing.

Designation of the two ♀ paralectotypes of B. pectoralis

Labels identical to those of the ♀ lectotype except one ♀ with second label No. “2024” and both ♀♀ with paralectotype cards. Paralectotypes are in good condition: (1) micropinned, (2) 1 ♀ (no. 2023): right flagellum missing, left flagellum deficient, i.e. with 20 flagellomeres, (3) 1 ♀ (no. 2024, var. 1.) both flagelli deficient, right flagellum with 21 and left flagellum with 10 flagellomeres.

Designation of the ³ paralectotype of B. pectoralis

Labels are identical to those of the paralectotypes; the sexual sign on third label is “ ♀ ”. Paralectotype is in good condition: (1) micropinned, (2) left flagellum missing, right flagellum with 13 flagellomeres.

Material examined

124 ♀♀ + 84 ♁♁ from twenty-four countries: ENGLAND: 1 ♀. THE NETHERLANDS: 1 ♀ + 1 ♁ from one locality. FRANCE: 2 ♀♀ from one locality. SWEDEN: 1 ♀. SLOVAKIA: 1 ♀ + 1 ♁ from two localities. HUNGARY: 63 ♀♀ + 46 ♁♁ from fifty-six localities. ROMANIA: 4 ♀♀ + 1 ♁ from five localities. MACEDONIA: 1 ♀. CROATIA: 7 ♀♀ from six localities. ALBANIA: 1 ♀. BULGARIA: 4 ♀♀ + 3 ♁♁ from three localities. GREECE: 7 ♀♀ + 6 ♁♁ from eight localities. ITALY: 7 ♀♀ + 10 ♁♁ from eight localities. CYPRUS: 4 ♀♀ + 4 ♁♁ from six localities. SPAIN: 3 ♀♀ + 2 ♁♁ from four localities. PORTUGAL: 1 ♀ + 2 ♁♁ from two localities. ALGERIA: 2 ♀♀ + 1 ♁ from three localities. TUNISIA: 2 ♀♀ from two localities. EGYPT: 2 ♀♀ from one locality. JORDAN: 2 ♀♀ from two localities. SYRIA: 1 ♁. TURKEY: 4 ♀♀ +3 ♁♁ from five localities. GEORGIA: 1 ♀. TURKMENISTAN: 3 ♀♀ + 3 ♁♁ from three localities.

Redescription of the ♀ lectotype of B. pectoralis ( Figs 27C ; 33 A-H)

LENGTH. Body 3.6 mm long.

FLAGELLUM. Both flagellum missing.

HEAD. In dorsal view less transverse ( Fig. 33A ), 1.7 times as broad as long, eye slightly protruding and 1.3 times longer than temple, temple rounded, occiput weakly excavated. OOL twice as long as POL. Oral opening: its horizontal diameter 1.2 times as long as shortest distance between opening and eye ( Fig. 33B ). Head polished.

MESOSOMA. In lateral view stout, 1.2 times as long as high, polished. Notaulix evenly distinct, shallow, smooth. Propodeum polished, around lunule with a few short rugae (cf. Fig. 27C ).

LEGS. Hind femur 3.3 times as long as broad distally ( Fig. 33C ). Claw fairly downcurved, its basal lobe of usual size and pointed ( Fig. 33D ).

WINGS. Forewing somewhat longer than body. Pterostigma ( Fig. 33E ) 2.7 times as long as wide and issuing r proximally from its middle; r just shorter than width of pterostigma; second submarginal cell long, 3-SR 1.4 times as long as 2-SR, SR1 faintly bent, 1.7 times as long as 3-SR and reaching tip of wing. First discal cell usual in size, 1-M twice as long as m-cu, 1-SR-M straight and 1.2 times longer than 1-M ( Fig. 33F ).

TERGITES. First tergite ( Fig. 33G ) broad, one-fifth broader than long, beyond pair of spiracles broadening, hind half of scutum rugose, margin of scutum crenulated. Second tergite transverse, 3.5 times as broad behind as long laterally, suture between tergites 2-3 bisinuate, deep, crenulated; third tergite as long as second tergite. Tergites 3-6 before their hind margin with fine furrow ( Fig. 33G ). Second tergite rather longitudinally rugose, third and further tergites densely rugo-rugulose. Hypopygium pointed, ovipositor sheath long, as long as body ( Fig. 33H ).

COLOUR. Body testaceous, mesosoma with light brownish suffusion. Palpi and galea brown. Mesosternum black. Legs yellow, tarsi brownish. Wings subhyaline, pterostigma yellow, veins light brownish.

Redescription of the two ♀ paralectotypes of B. pectoralis ( Fig. 33I )

(1 ♀ + 1 ♀ “var. 1.” det. Wesmael) Similar to the ♀ lectotype. Body 3-3.2. mm long. Flagelli deficient; first flagellomere 2.2 times and 21st flagellomere 1.4 times as long as broad, flagellum just thickening distally. Head in dorsal view transverse, 1.7-1.8 times as broad as long, temple somewhat more rounded ( Fig. 33I ). Hind femur 3.3-3.4 times as long as broad distally. Forewing: 3-SR 1.6 times as long as 2-SR.

First tergite beyond pair of spiracles somewhat less broadening. Ovipositor sheath somewhat shorter than body, i.e. as long as meta- and mesosoma combined.

Redescription of the ³ paralectotype of B. pectoralis ( Fig. 34A )

Similar to the ♀ paralectotypes. Body 2.8 mm long. Right flagellum deficient, first flagellomere 2.5 times and 13th flagellomere 1.7 times as long as broad. First tergite as long as broad behind; second tergite less broad, 2.4 times as broad behind as long laterally and with longitudinal striae ( Fig. 34A ).

Variable features of the ♀♀ (124 ♀♀) ( Figs 33A ; 35 A-G)

Body (2.8-) 3-4.5 mm, usually 3.2-3.8 mm, long. Antenna somewhat shorter to somewhat longer than body and with (22-)26-31(-41) antennomeres. Head in dorsal view 1.65-1.8 times, usually 1.7-1.75 times ( Figs 33A ; 35A ), as broad as long. Hind femur 3.8 times ( Fig. 35B ), usually 3.3-3.4(-3.5) times as long as broad distally, or hind femur relatively thick ( Fig. 35C ). Forewing: second submarginal cell very long, 3-SR 1.7 times ( Fig. 35D ), usually 1.4-1.5 times, as long as 2-SR; or second submarginal cell relatively short: 3-SR 1.3 times as long as 2-SR ( Fig. 35E ). First tergite less broadening, just broader behind than long ( Fig. 35F ). Tergites 2-3 somewhat less roughly rugo-rugulose ( Fig. 35G ).

Variable features of the ³³ (84 ³³) ( Fig 33A ; 35A , H-I)

Body2.6-3.6(-4) mm long.Antenna as long as to longer than body and with (20-)23-30(-36)antennomeres. Head in dorsal view (1.6-)1.7-1.75 times as broad as long ( Fig. 33A ); exceptionally subcubic, 1.6 times as broad as long ( Fig. 35A ). Tergites 2-3 either roughly ( Fig. 35H ) or weakly ( Fig. 35I ) sculptured or rarely metasoma beyond (second or) third tergite almost smooth.

Hosts

COL. Apionidae :! Oxystoma dimidiatum Desbrochers des Loges (new host). Bruchidae :! Bruchidius lividimanus Gyllenhal , B. fasciatus Olivier , Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovsky. Curculionidae :! Larinus flavescens Germar ,! L. sturnus Schaller ,! Rhinocyllus conicus Frölich. — LEP. Alucitidae : Alucita hexadactyla Linnaeus , A. huebneri Wallengren. Gelechidae:! Metzneria aestivella Zeller , Sitotroga ceralella Olivier. Pyralidae : Etiella zinckenella Treitschke. — DIPT. Tephritidae : Acantophilus helianthi Rossi , Chaetorellia hexachaeta Loew ,! Terellia virens Loew , Urophora quadrifasciata Meigen ,! Xyphosia miliaria Schrank. — HYM. Cynipidae : Aphelonyx cerricola Giraud. Eurytomidae :! Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovsky.

Distribution

Palaearctic Region, a species inhabitant its steppe / semidesert zone.

Figures

Fig. 33. — A-I. Bracon (Bracon) pectoralis Wesmael, 1838 (A-G: ♀ lectotype, H: ♀ paralectotype, I: ♁ paralectotype). A. Head in dorsal view. B. Head in frontal view. C. Hind femur. D. Claw. E. Distal part of right forewing. F. First discal cell of right forewing. G. Tergites 1-3. H. Hypopygium and ovipositor apparatus. I. Hind half of head in dorsal view. — J. Bracon (Bracon) luteator Spinola, 1808, ♀ / ♁, head in dorsal view.

Fig. 27. Bracon (Glabrobracon) nigricollis Wesmael, 1838 (A-H, J-L: ♀, I: ♁). A. Head in dorsal view. B. Head in lateral view. C. Posterior third of propodeum. D. Hind femur. E. Claw. F. Distal part of right forewing. G. First discal cell of right forewing. H. Tergites 1-3. I. Right half of head in dorsal view. J. First tergite. K. Tergites 3-4. L. First tergite.

Fig. 34. — A. Bracon (Bracon) pectoralis Wesmael, 1838, ♁ paralectotype, tergites 1-3. — B-D. Bracon (Bracon) mellitor Say, 1836, ♀ / ♁. B. Head in dorsal view. C. Claw. D. Hind femur. — E-F. Bracon (Bracon) luteator Spinola, 1808. E. Tergites 1-3 (♀). F. Hind femur (♀ / ♁).

Fig. 35. — A-I. Bracon (Bracon) pectoralis Wesmael, 1838 (A: ♀ / ♁, B-G: ♀, H-I: ♁). A. Head in dorsal view. B-C. Hind femur. D-E. Second submarginal cell of forewing. F. First tergite. G-I. Right half of tergites 2-3. — J-L. Bracon (Bracon) mesasiaticus Tobias, 1957, ♀ paralectotype. J. Head in dorsal view. K. Distal part of right forewing. L. Second tergite.