Bracon (Glabrobracon) parvulus Wesmael, 1838

Papp, Jenő & Xviii, Budapest, 2012, A revision of the Bracon Fabricius species in Wesmael’s collection deposited in Brussels (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae), European Journal of Taxonomy 21, pp. 1-154 : 66-70

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2012.21
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3858912
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8008D0E-FFC4-FFB4-06DA-4A0EFA9CFCA1
treatment provided by	Valdenar
scientific name	Bracon (Glabrobracon) parvulus Wesmael, 1838
status

Treatment

Bracon (Glabrobracon) parvulus Wesmael, 1838 View in CoL

Figs 31 View Fig A-L, 32A-C

Braco parvulus Wesmael, 1838: 55 ♀♁ (type material: 1 ♀ + 3 ♁♁, 1 ♁ lost), type locality: “environs de Bruxelles ” ( Belgium), ♀ lectotype (and two ♁ paralectotypes, present designations) in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels; examined.

Bracon fumipennis Thomson, 1894: 1808 View in CoL (under the name “fuscipennis”: junior homonym of Braco fuscipennis Wesmael, 1838 View in CoL ) and 1859 (“fumipennis” new name for B. fuscipennis Thomson View in CoL ) ♀ ♁, type locality: Lapland, Sweden, ♀ lectotype (and one ♀ + one ♁ paralectotypes) in Zoologisk Museum, Lund; examined.

Bracon thomsoni Marshall, 1897: 51 View in CoL (new name for B. fuscipennis Thomson View in CoL nec Wesmael, unnecessary emendation).

Bracon parvulus View in CoL – Szépligeti 1901: 270 (in key, in Hungarian); 1904 (1901): 190 (in key, in German).

Bracon (Glabrobracon) parvulus View in CoL – Fahringer 1927: 300 (♀), 309 (♁) (in key) and 1928: 480 (redescription), assigned to “Section Glabrobracon ”. — Telenga 1936: 181 (as synonym of B. atrator, in Russian View in CoL ). — Shenefelt 1978: 1558 (as synonym of B. atrator View in CoL after Dalla Torre 1898: 259, literature up to 1962). — Papp 2000: 233 (in key and 258 (redescription, taxonomy).

Bracon fumipennis View in CoL – Szépligeti 1901 and 1904 ( 1901): not mentioned. — Telenga 1936: 149 (♀), 157 (♁) (in key), 207 (redescription) (in Russian) and 351 (♀), 359 (♁) (in key, in German). — Papp 1966: 378 (as B. obscurator View in CoL ab. fumipennis View in CoL ), 1969: 203 (designations of the lectotype and two paralectotypes, synonymization). — Shenefelt 1978: 1575 (as B. obscurator View in CoL ab. fumipennis View in CoL after Papp 1966, literature up to 1974). — Tobias 1986: 131 (as valid species in key, in Russian). — Papp 2000: 258 (as synonym of B. parvulus View in CoL ). — Tobias & Belokobylskij 2000: as valid species 140 (in key, in Russian).

Designation of the ♀ lectotype of Bracon parvulus View in CoL

(First label, printed) “Coll Wesmael”; (second label, printed) “2078”; (third label, printed red) “Type”; (fourth label) “ Braco parvulus mihi ♀ ” (handwriting) “dét. C. Wesmael” (printed); (fifth label, handwriting) “ Belgique / Bruxelles ” (label attached by me); sixth label is the lectotype card. - Lectotyped is in good condition: pinned by the mesosoma (pin fairly thick).

Designation of the two ³ paralectotypes of Bracon parvulus

(First label, printed) “Coll. Wesmael”); (second label, printed) “2077”; (third label) “ Braco parvulus mihi ♁” (handwriting) “dét. Wesmael” (printed); (fourth label, handwriting) “ Belgique / Bruxelles ” (label attached by me); fifth labels are the paralectotype cards. Paralectotypes are in good condition: (1) micropinned by mesosoma (pin thick); (2) right flagellum distally deficient (1 ♁); (3) right hind wing missing (1 ♁); (4) right hind leg, except coxa, missing (1 ♁).

Taxonomic remark

The two ♁ paralectotypes are representing the species Bracon delibator Haliday, 1833 viewing their long maxillar palp etc., present emendation, fifth label on paralectotypes with this actual name too.

Designation of the types

♀ lectotype and one ♀ + one ♁ paralectotypes of Bracon fumipennis Thomson were presented in Papp 1969: 203. Lectotype is in good condition: (1) pinned by mesosoma; (2) ultimate two flagellomeres missing. Two paralectotypes are also in good condition: (1) glued on a pointed card by anterior sternites (♀) and by oral part of head + mesosternum (♁); (2) left flagellum missing (♀), right fore leg, except coxa + trochanters, missing (♀); fore pair of legs less visible owing to the mounting (♁); (3) wings apically somewhat creased (♀)4

Material examined

57 ♀♀ + 16 ♁♁ from sixteen countries: IRELAND: 2 ♀♀ from one locality. ENGLAND: 3 ♀♀ from three localities. SWEDEN: 3 ♀♀ from three localities. FRANCE: 3 ♀♀ from three localities. GERMANY: 3 ♀♀ + 2 ♁♁ from three localities. AUSTRIA 1 ♁. SWITZERLAND: 1 ♁. SLOVAKIA: 3 ♀♀ +1 ♁ from four localities. HUNGARY: 30 ♀♀ + 5 ♁♁ from 24 localities. ROMANIA: 3 ♀♀ from three localities. SPAIN: 1 ♁. SERBIA: 1 ♁. CROATIA: 4 ♀♀ + 1 ♁ from one locality. TURKEY: 3 ♀♀ + 1 ♁ from three localities. ARMENIA: 2 ♁♁ from two localities. GEORGIA: 1 ♀.

Redescription of the ♀ lectotype of Bracon parvulus ( Fig. 31 View Fig A-I; 32B)

A redescription of this species was given earlier (Papp 2000: 258) based on 72 ♀ specimens. The present redescription is confined to the ♀ lectotype.

LENGTH. Body 2 mm long.

ANTENNAE. About three-fourths as long as body and with 19 antennomeres. First flagellomere twice and penultimate flagellomere also twice as long as broad, flagellum distally attenuating ( Fig. 31A View Fig ).

HEAD. In dorsal view ( Fig. 31B View Fig ) transverse, 1.8 times as broad as long, eye twice longer than temple, temple rounded, occiput weakly excavated. Eye in lateral view almost twice as high as wide and temple just wider than eye, temple beyond eye evenly wide ( Fig. 31C View Fig , see arrows). Horizontal diameter of oral opening somewhat longer than shortest distance between opening and eye ( Fig. 31D View Fig ). Head polished.

MESOSOMA. In lateral view stout ( Fig. 32A View Fig ), 1.3 times as long as high, polished. Notaulix more or less distinct on dorsal or horizontal part of mesoscutum (or a sulciform dessication?). Propodeum entirely polished.

LEGS. Hind femur 3.3 times as long as broad somewhat distally ( Fig. 31E View Fig ). Claw downcurved and with a distinct small basal lobe ( Fig. 31F View Fig ).

WINGS. Forewing somewhat longer than body. Pterostigma ( Fig. 31G View Fig ) 2.7 times as long as wide, issuing r proximally from its middle and 0.6 times as long as width of pterostigma; second submarginal cell of usual length, 3-SR somewhat longer than 2-SR; SR1 straight, 2.3 times as long as 3-SR and reaching tip of wing. First discal cell less high, 1-M 1.7 times as long as m-cu, 1-SR-M straight and 1.2 times as long as 1-M ( Fig. 31H View Fig ).

TERGITES. First tergite ( Fig. 31I View Fig ) 1.4 times as long as broad behind, beyond pair of spiracles with just converging sides. Second tergite nearly three times as broad behind as long and as long as third tergite; suture between tergites 2-3 faintly bisinuate, deep, smooth ( Fig. 31I View Fig ). Every tergite polished. Hypopygium of usual size and pointed; ovipositor sheath long, twice as long as hind tibia + tarsus combined ( Fig. 32B View Fig ).

COLOUR. Body brownish black. Antenna brownish black. Tegulae brownish black. Legs brownish black to dark brown. Wings weakly brownish fumous, pterostigma and veins light brownish.

Redescription of the ♀ lectotype of Bracon fumipennis ( Fig. 31 View Fig J-L)

Similar to the ♀ lectotype of B. parvulus Wesmael. Body 2.8 mm long. Antenna somewhat shorter than body and with 21 antennomeres. Head in dorsal view 1.9 times as broad as long, temple more rounded ( Fig. 31J View Fig ). Hind femur 3.8 times as long as broad medially, nearly parallel-sided ( Fig. 31K View Fig ). Pterostigma 2.8 times as long as wide. First tergite 1.3 times as long as broad behind, beyond pair of spiracles with slightly converging sides ( Fig. 31L View Fig ).

Redescription of the ♀ paralectotype of Bracon fumipennis

Similar to the ♀ lectotype of B. fumipennis . Body 2.7 mm long. Antenna with 21 antennomeres. Head in dorsal view 1.75 times as broad as long, temple rounded. Hind femur 3.1 times as long as broad medially. Ovipositor sheath less than twice as long as hind tibia + tarsus combined.

Redescription of the ³ paralectotype of Bracon fumipennis ( Fig. 31E, L View Fig )

Similar to the ♀ types of B. fumipennis . Body 2.8 mm long. Antenna as long as body and with 24 antennomeres. Head in dorsal view 1.7 times as broad as long. Hind femur 3.3 times as long as broad distally ( Fig. 31E View Fig ). First tergite 1.4 times as long as broad behin, beyond pair of spiracles with just converging sides ( Fig. 31L View Fig ). Sternites pale yellow.

Variable features of the ♀ (57 ♀♀) ( Fig. 31I, J View Fig ; 32C View Fig )

Similar to the ♀ lectotype of Bracon parvulus . Body 2-3.5 mm long. Antenna with 18-25 antennomeres. Penultimate flagellomere (1.4-)1.8-2 times as long as broad. Head in dorsal view 1.8-1.9(-2) times as broad as long. Hind femur 3.3-3.6 times as long as broad either somewhat distally or medially. Pterostigma (2.3-)2.5-2.7 times as long as wide, r exceptionally issuing from its middle. 3-SR of fore wing somewhat to 1.2-1.35 times as long as 2-SR, SR1 2-2.4 times longer than 3-SR and reaching tip of wing. First tergite 1.3-1.5 times as long as broad, beyond pair of spiracles either with just converging or with parallel sides ( Fig. 31I, L View Fig ). Second tergite exceptionally rugulose (to rugose) antero-medially ( Fig. 32C View Fig ). Body black, sometimes with more or less brownish tint. Hind tibia basally yellow, rarely fore femur apically and fore tibia basally yellowish.

Deviating features of the ³ (16 ³³) ( Fig. 31J View Fig )

Similar to the ♀. Body (2.5-) 3-3.2 mm long. Antenna as long as body and with 26-29 antennomeres. Temple in dorsal view somewhat more rounded ( Fig. 31J View Fig ). Tibias with more yellow(ish) pattern basally.

Hosts

COL. Chrysomelidae : Gastroidea polygoni Linnaeus , G. viridula DeGeer. — DIPT. Tephritidae : Orellia ruficauda Fabricius. Sitarea lurida (Loew) , S. scorzonera Robineau-Desvoidy. Tephritis ! bardanae Schrank , T. pulchra Loew.

Distribution

Sporadic to frequent in the Palaearctic Region.

Taxonomic position

Within the subgenus Glabrobracon the species Bracon parvulus is nearest to B. longulus Thomson (Europe) and they are distinguished by the following features:

1 (2) Mesosoma in lateral view stout as usually, 1.4-1.6 times as long as high; mesoscutum and scutellum not flattened ( Fig. 32A View Fig ), propodeum declined. First tergite 1.3-1.5 times (♀ ♁) as long as broad behind, tergites 2-3 more transverse, nearly three times as long as broad ( Fig. 31I, L View Fig ). Head in dorsal view slightly more transverse, 1.8-1.9 times as broad as long ( Fig. 31B, J View Fig ). Ovipositor sheath at most twice as long as hind tibia + tarsus combined. ♀: 2-3.5 mm, ♁: 2.5-3.2 mm ...... B. (Gl.) parvulus Wesmael, 1838

2 (1) Mesosoma in lateral view elongate, 1.8-2 times as long as high; mesoscutum and scutellum flattened, propodeum moderately declined ( Fig. 32D View Fig ). First tergite 1.4-1.6 times (♀) and 1.6-1.8 times (♁) as long as broad behind, tergites 2-3 less transverse, 2-2.5 times as broad as long ( Fig. 32 View Fig E-F). Head in dorsal view slightly less transverse, 1.6-1.7(-1.8) times as broad as long ( Fig. 32G View Fig ). Ovipositor sheath very long, 2.5-3 times as long as hind tibia + tarsus combined. ♀ ♁: 2.6-3 mm ........ ............................................................................................................ B. (Gl.) longulus Thomson, 1894

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Insecta
Order	Hymenoptera
Family	Braconidae
Genus	Bracon