Seira manukio Soto-Adames, Bernard & Wynne

Bernard, Ernest C., Soto-Adames, Felipe N. & Wynne, J. Judson, 2015, Collembola of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) with descriptions of five endemic cave-restricted species, Zootaxa 3949 (2), pp. 239-267 : 250-253

Seira manukio Soto-Adames, Bernard & Wynne , n. sp.

Figures 7 D, 8, 9; Table 1

Material examined. CHILE, Rapa Nui, Maunga Hiva Hiva region, holotype female, Cave Q 15 -056, opportune collection near entrance, 0 8 July 2009, J. Wynne, coll.; one paratype juvenile, Cave Q 15 -076/078, direct search within fern-moss gardens in entrance 3, sympatric with E. manuhoko n. sp., 0 4 July 2009, J. Wynne, coll.

Description. Size to 1.6 mm. Background color creamy white ( Fig. 7 D), with black eye patch, purple antennae, a wide light purple transverse band covering posterior margin of Abd. I, all of Abd. II–III, and the anterior margin of Abd. IV; another band covering the posterior half of Abd. IV and posterior margin of Abd. V. Legs with a tint of purple, more intense on distal end of femora. Scales present on Ant. I–II and base of Ant. III, all leg segments, both faces of ventral tube, head, body, both faces of manubrium and ventral face of dens.

Ant. IV apical bulb bilobed; subapical sense organ not seen. Sense organ of Ant. III not seen. Ant. II with 3 inner and 1 outer bothriotricha. Ant. I with 1 inner bothriotrix. Eye patch with 8 eyes ( Figs. 8 D, E); eye H smaller than others. Eye patch valley with 4‒5 setae (q sometimes absent). Base of antennae with 5 macrosetae in series An. Head dorsally with 12 anterior, 8 posterior and 6‒7 cervical macrosetae ( Fig. 8 E). Head microsetae acuminate and smooth. Prelabral and all labral setae smooth. Distal margin of labrum with inner papillae unisetose, outer papillae with 4‒5 microspines. Outer maxillary lobe with basal and distal setae smooth, basal seta longer than distal seta; sublobal plate with 3 setae. Lateral process of labial papilla E acuminate, seta-like, bent anteriorly and surpassing tip of papilla. Proximal labial setae smooth. Labial triangle ( Fig. 8 F) setae as M 1 M 2 rEL 1 L 2 A 1‒5; all posterior setae ciliate, except r, which is smooth and conic. Postlabium with very few scales, all setae ciliate ( Fig. 8 F), without modified setae.

Mesothorax not produced anteriorly; with 6 anterior, 9 medial, and 16 posterior macrosetae ( Fig. 8 H). Metathorax with 14 macrosetae ( Fig. 8 I). First abdominal segment ( Fig. 8 J) with a 6 and 4 macrosetae. Second abdominal segment ( Fig. 9 A) with macrosetae a 2, m 3, m 3 e and m 5; supplementary setae associated with bothriotricha m 2 and a 5 apically ciliate; a 3 anterior to and not reaching sensillum as. Third abdominal segment ( Fig. 9 B) with 1 inner (m 3) and 4 lateral macrosetae (am 6, pm 6, p 6, p 7 i), p 7 an enlarged mesoseta; all supplementary setae distally ciliate, seta a 3 not reaching as; lateral sensilla d 2 and se present. Fourth abdominal segment ( Fig. 9 C) with 8 inner macrosetae: 3 in zone 7 (A 4, A 3, C 1) 2 in zone 9 (B 4, B 5) and 3 in zone 10 (A 5, A 6, B 6); number of lateral macrosetae 10‒13. All supplementary setae distally ciliate. Posterior setae 4 + 4.

Trochanteral organ with at least 21 poorly organized setae. Tenent hair spatulate. Unguis ( Fig. 8 B) with 4 inner teeth inserted at 53 %, 53 %, 74 %, and 90 % of inner edge; both unpaired teeth longer than paired teeth; external teeth arising near middle of outer edge of unguis. Unguiculus lanceolate, appearing at some angles to be finely serrate distally on all legs. Anterior face of ventral tube with 1 + 1 distal macrosetae, proximal setae not seen clearly; lateral valves with 4 basal and 7‒8 distal setae; posterior face with 1 + 1 distal smooth setae. Manubrium with four distal ventral setae forming a single row ( Fig. 8 G). Manubrial plate with 4 outer and 3 inner flexible macrosetae separated by 2 pseudopores ( Fig. 8 A). Dens base with flexible macrosetae as on manubrial plate. Dens tubercle absent. Mucro ( Fig. 8 C) typical for genus, falcate and without mucronal spine.

Remarks. Seira manukio n. sp. is unique among members of the genus with 4 macrosetae on Abd. I in having 12 inner mesothoracic macrosetae, 7 metathoracic macrosetae in group PA, and head macrosetae Ps 2 and Pa 4. Table 1 provides a list of additional characters that distinguish the new species from other Seira with 4 Abd. I macrosetae. The color pattern of S. manukio n. sp. resembles the pattern in S. gobalezi Christiansen & Bellinger, 1992 from Hawaiʻi; however, the head of the Hawaiian species carries only one macroseta in the M 1 /S 1 complex, lacks macroseta M 2, while Abd. 1 has 5 macrosetae.

Etymology. This species was named by combining two Rapanui words, manu and kio. Manu is a general term for “insect” or “bug,” while kio is the verb “to hide”, thus “hiding bug.” During times of war and conflict on the island, the Rapanui people would seek refuge in caves ( Routledge 2007). These caves are known as ana kionga or "caves for hiding."

...... continued on the next page a Sources: Christiansen & Bellinger 2000 [( S. bipunctata ( Packard, 1873) , S. delamarei Jacquemart, 1980 , S. fulva ( Schött, 1896) ]; Soto-Adames 2008 ( S. dowlingi (Wray, 1953 )) ; Christiansen & Bellinger 1998 ( S. nicoya Christiansen & Bellinger, 1998 ); Bellini & Zeppelini 2008 ( S. mataraquensis Bellini & Zeppelini, 2008 ); Barra 2004 ( S. socotrae Barra 2004 ); Christiansen & Bellinger 1992 ( S. terrestris Folsom, 1932 ; S. gobalezi Christiansen & Bellinger, 1992 ).

Tables

TABLE 1. Diagnostic table for species of Seira with four macrosetae on the first abdominal segment and S. gobalezi. Seira gobalezi is included because its color pattern resembles that of the new species.

Species/Character a	Head M1/ S1	Head M2	Head S0	Head Ps2	Head Pa4	Head Pp5	Th. II setae in complex m1-m2
manukio n. sp.	2+2	+	+	+	+	+	5‒6
bipunctata	1+1	+	+	–	–	–	4
delamarei	1+1	–	+	–	–	–	4
dowlingi	1+1	–	+	–	–	+	4
fulva	2+2	+	+	–	–	–	3
nicoya	1+1	+	+	+	–	–	4
mataraquensis	2+2	+	–	+	–	–	3
socotrae	1+1	–	+	–	–	+	4
terrestris	1+1	–	+	?	?	?	4‒5
gobalezi	1+1	–	+	?	?	?	5