Anoano Cachan, 1952

Kment, Petr, 2012, Redescription of the Madagascan endemic genus Anoano with a new synonymy (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 (2), pp. 371-382 : 372-379

Anoano Cachan, 1952

( Figs. 1 –31)

Anoano Cachan, 1952: 373 , 376. Type species: Anoano pronotalis Cachan, 1952 , by original designation. Anoano: KMENT (2008) : 545 (key to genera of Triplatygini ), 556 (figure of external scent efferent system of the metathoracic scent gland).

Redescription. Structure. Head strongly sloping downwards ( Fig. 14 ), approximately as long as wide, with lateral sides before eyes directed anteriad, more or less insinuated; anterior margin widely arcuate, very slightly incised apically against apex of clypeus ( Figs. 1–4 ); head behind eyes rounded and convex, sunken into concave anterior margin of pronotum. Mandibular plates foliaceous, flattened, long and wide, meeting ( Fig. 4 ) or overlapping ( Fig. 1 ) in front of clypeus, more or less depressed medially; clypeus slender, narrowing, and closing anteriorly, convex ( Figs. 1, 4 ). Frons convex. Compound eyes small, each approximately half of its width protruding from head outline; temples behind eyes narrow, nearly reaching ( Fig. 4 ) to slightly surpassing the eye laterally ( Figs. 1–3 ). Ocelli small, situated posteriorly and medially behind eyes at posterior margin of head ( Figs. 1, 4 ). Antenniferous tubercle small, situated ventrally beneath mandibular plate ( Figs. 5 , 14 ), not visible from above ( Figs. 1–4 ). Antenna slender, antennal segments ordered from shortest to longest: I <IIa ≤ IIb <III ≤ IV; segment I cylindrical, shortest and stoutest; segment IIa cylindrical, slender; segment IIb cylindrical, slightly thickening towards apex; segments III and IV spindle-shaped. Bucculae long and low, rectangular anteriorly, rounded posteriorly ( Fig. 5 ). Labial segment I as high as bucculae, short, not surpassing posterior margin of bucculae; labial apex reaching between metacoxae.

Pronotum strongly transverse.Anterior pronotal margin deeply, arcuately concave; anterolateral angles truncated, slightly pointed laterally; lateral margins deeply concave, carinated; humeral angles each with a strong process produced antero-laterally and markedly dorsally, apically bifid, with small concave incision between both tips directed anteriorly (Figs. 7–13,

15–16); humeral angles posteriorly rather straight,

subparallel, slightly convergent towards base of pronotum, postero-lateral pronotal margins running straight towards base of scutellum; posterior margin of pronotum straight (Figs. 7–11). Anterior part of pronotum nearly flat, sloping towards head, bearing a distinct, elevated, impunctate ridge medially, very slightly depressed laterad of the ridge; posterior part of pronotum slightly convex (Figs. 7–12, 15–16).

Scutellum slightly narrower at base than at its median length; lateral margins slightly concave medially; apex not reaching postero-lateral angles of corium, rounded ( Figs. 12, 15 ). Disc of scutellum weakly convex, regularly sloping towards margins

( Figs. 14 ).

Hemelytra. Clavus narrow, with 4–5 rows of punctures at widest part (anteriorly), and short, reaching only base of lateral insinuation of scutellum ( Fig.

12). Corium slightly widening behind base, widest approximately in its basal fourth, then narrowing distally; distal angle rounded, distinctly surpassing scutellar apex in rest ( Figs. 12, 15–16 ). Membrane widely rounded apically, reaching about apex of abdomen ( Figs. 12, 15–16 ).

Thoracic pleura and sterna. Pro-, meso-, and metasterna with deep furrow between coxae. Ostiole situated approximately in median third of metapleuron width, small, rounded, directed laterad, accom-

panied by a short, elevated spout; small periostiolar depression posteriad of spout, delimited posteriorly Figs. 7–11. Anoano pronotalis Cachan, 1952 , variability of pronotum: 7 –J, lectotype,Ambo- by a short and low ridge; evaporatorium large, devevombe; 8 – ♀, Anjahantelo; 9 –J, Bas Mangoky; loped both on meso- and metapleuron, gyrification 10 – ♀, paralectotype,Vohibory;11 – ♀, holotype hardly developed, but evaporatorium with scattered of A. milloti . Not to scale. deep punctures. Metathoracic spiracle very narrow

( Figs. 6 , 13 ). Legs short; femora stout, slightly flattened dorso-ventrally, profemur widest around its middle, narrowing towards base and apex, meso- and metafemur widening towards apex, widest subapically; tibiae slightly shorter than femora, their dorsal surface flattened, protibia stoutest, metatibia most slender; tarsomere 2 shortest, tarsomere 3 longest, as long as tarsomeres 1 and 2 combined. Abdomen about as wide as pronotum across humeral angles (ratios pronotum width: abdomen width e.g., 4.6: 4.5; 4.7: 4.7; 3.8: 4.0) ( Figs. 12, 15 ). Connexivum wide, fully exposed; postero-lateral angles of laterotergites not produced, hardly protruding from arcuate outline of connexivum. Postero-lateral angles of abdominal segment VII widely rounded in male ( Figs. 12–13 ), slightly angulate in female ( Fig. 15 ). Abdomen evenly convex ventrally ( Fig. 13 ), sternite III deeply and narrowly depressed medially.

Male genitalia. Ventral wall of pygophore large, slightly depressed laterally beneath ventral rim and postero-lateral angles ( Figs. 20–22 ); infolding of ventral rim turned dorsally, with shallow, obtusangulate incision medially, its apices subrectangular, directed anterolaterally ( Figs. 17–19 ); infolding of dorsal rim of pygophore narrow, infoldings of lateral rim welldeveloped, surrounding a pair of small circular paramere socket ( Figs. 17–19 ); posterior aperture of genital chamber directed dorsally ( Fig. 19 ); postero-lateral angles of pygophore ear-shaped, rounded, posteriorly distinctly surpassing posterior margin of pygophore ( Figs. 17–19 ). Parameres reduced to strongly desclerotised, very thin, membranous, fan- or auricleshaped structures with densely fimbriate margins (easy to destroy by KOH treatment) ( Figs. 17–18 ). Proctiger large, conical in outline, dorsally slightly concave ( Figs. 17–18 ).

Phallus ( Figs. 23–25 ) with phallotheca short and stout, barrel-shaped, constricted subapically; conjunctiva with four pairs of processes: a pair of small, sclerotized dorsal processes (dcp1) at the extreme base of conjunctiva each provided with a sharp, narrow prolongation apically; a pair of dorsal processes (dcp2) greatly fused along midline and therefore forming a single large, apically slightly concave, posteriorly directed dorsal lobe; a pair of elongate, apically slightly sclerotized, posteriorly directed lateral processes (lcp); and a pair of strongly sclerotized and basally largely fused ventral processes (vcp) closely associated with the vesica (ve), terminating in a pair of lobes apically; endophallic reservoir (er) large, occupying most of inner lumen of phallotheca; vesica rather straight, directed posteroventrad, apically truncated, heavily sclerotized.

Female genitalia. External female terminalia as in Figs. 26–28 . Valvifers VIII (vf8) deeply insinuated medially, triangulin (tr) bearing a large, smooth, and round median gibbosity visible externally between valvifers VIII when at rest. Laterotergites IX (lt9) produced posteriad. Dorsal wall of gynatrium with a sclerite surrounding spermathecal orifice (so), a rather thin arcus (arc) (sensu SCHAEFER 1968; = anterior thickening of vaginal intima), and a pair of so-called ring sclerites (rs) not forming enclosed ring, sclerites being only coiled along their vertical axis ( Fig. 28 ). Spermathecal dilation ( Fig. 29 : sd) large and globular ( Fig. 29 ) of the single examined female damaged, figured after reconstruction, therefore Fig. 29 possibly slightly inaccurate in some details; distal invagination of spermathecal duct (“sclerotized rod”, distimedian part of spermathecal dilation) strongly widened, spindle-shaped (reconstructed portion indicated by dashed line), its inner duct thin, tubular, of nearly uniform diameter in its entire length. Intermediate part ( Fig. 30 : ip) of spermatheca well-developed, provided with relatively narrow proximal (pfl) and distal flanges (dfl), apical receptacle (ar) very small, tubular, bearing a single curved process apically ( Fig. 30 ).

Differential diagnosis. Anoano differs from the related genus Triplatyx by the following combination of characters: i) body more elongated, pale ochraceous; ii) head lacking anteocular spine; iii) humeral angles of pronotum markedly produced anteriad, narrowing, and usually with bifid apex; iv) scutellum dorsally flat, without a hump; v) lateral margins of laterotergites straight, unarmed; vi) valvifers VIII medially deeply insinuated. In Triplatyx the body is shorter and wider, brown; head bears one anteocular spine on each side; humeral angles of pronotum are produced laterad and less markedly anteriad, wide and with widely rounded to nearly quadrangular apex; scutellum often bears a dorsal hump; lateral margins of laterotergites are more or less sinuate; and valvifers VIII medially straight. The third genus of the tribe Triplatygini , Tricompastes (monotypic, type species T. gigas Cachan, 1952 ) markedly differs from both Anoano and Triplatyx especially by its very large body (length 17–22 mm) and lateral margins of each laterotergite provided with two sharp triangular projections (see also the key provided by KMENT (2008)).

Etymology. CACHAN (1952) did not mention the etymology and did not specify the gender of the generic name Anoano . The name is probably derived from the Malagasy noun anoano, having three common meanings: i) ‘praise, blessing’; ii) ‘a species of field-bug’, and iii) ‘a guess, anything done at random’ ( RICHARDSON 1885), but certainly it is derived neither from Latin nor from Greek word, therefore Article 30.2 of ICZN (1999) must be applied to determine its gender for the purpose of nomenclature. It is not possible to deduce the gender of the generic name by indication from its combination with the adjectival species-group name of the single originally included nominal species ( A. pronotalis ) under Article 30.2.3, because this adjective takes the same form in combinations with both masculine and feminine generic names. Therefore, the gender has to be treated as masculine according to Article 30.2.4.

Figures

Figs. 1–6. Anoano pronotalis Cachan, 1952: 1–4 – head, dorsal view (1 – J, lectotype, Ambovombe; 2 – ♀, paralectotype, Vohibory; 3 – J, Bas Mangoky; 4 – ♀, holotype of A. milloti); 5 – head, lateral view; 6 – meso- and metapleuron (from KMENT 2008). Not to scale.

Figs. 12–16. Anoano pronotalis Cachan, 1952: 12–14 – J, lectotype, Ambovombe (12 – dorsally, 13 – ventrally, 14 – laterally; body length 6.6 mm); 15 – ♀, Anjahantelo (7.3 mm); 16 – ♀, holotype of A. milloti (8.2 mm).

Figs. 17–22. Anoano pronotalis Cachan, 1952, pygophore (17, 19–22 – J, Bas Mangoky; 18 – J, paralectotype, Vohibory): 17–18 – dorsal view of intact pygophore; 19 – dorsal view of dissected pygophore; 20 – ventral view; 21 – posterior view; 22 – lateral view. Lettering: p – paramere. Scale: 0.5 mm.

Figs. 23–25. Anoano pronotalis Cachan, 1952, phallus (J, Bas Mangoky): 23 – dorsal view; 24 – lateral view; 25 – ventral view. Lettering: dcp1–2 – dorsal conjuctival processes 1 and 2, ds – ductus seminalis, er – endophallic reservoir, lcp – lateral conjuctival processes, vcp – ventral conjuctival processes, ve – vesica. Scale: 0.5 mm.

Figs. 26–30. Anoano pronotalis Cachan, 1952 (♀, Anjahantelo): 26–27 – external female genitalia (26 – intact, 27 – dissected and macerated); 28 – detail of sclerites of the wall of gynatrium; 29 – spermathecal dilation (reconstruction of damaged part by dashed line); 30 – intermediate part and apical receptacle of spermatheca. Lettering: ar – apical receptacle, arc – arcus; dfl – distal flange, ip – intermediate part, lt8–9 – laterotergites VIII–IX, pd – proximal duct of spermatheca, pfl – proximal flange, rs – ring sclerite, sd – spermathecal dilation, so – sclerite surrounding spermathecal orifice, sr – sclerotised rod, t8 – tergite VIII, tr – triangulin; vf8–9 – valvifers VIII–IX, x – segment X. Scales: a – 1 mm (for 26–28), b – 0.5 mm (for 29–30).