Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz)

Frank, Howard, Erwin, Terry & Hemenway, Robert, 2009, Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae), ZooKeys 14 (14), pp. 1-36 : 15-17

Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz)

EGG ( Fig. 4 ). White. Rectangulate with moderately rounded apices. Surface with numerous small perforations; micropore ill-defined, slightly raised.

INSTAR I. Form. ( Fig. 5 ) Campodeiform planidium; head relatively large compared to prothorax, eyes absent. Frontale with single-tooth egg-burster near base of head on frontale. Body markedly setiferous throughout dorsally; regular fixed setae ventrally. Segment X (PY): sternite ( Figs. 5 , 13 ) with two large serrated recurved teeth, serrations on distal margin and with seta PY7 markedly long, stout and curved posteriorly. Urogomphi ( Figs. 12, 13 ) each a small fleshy blunt knob with numerous spicules. Th ese are not well illustrated in Habu and Sadanaga (1969, p. 176).

Coloration. Mostly white color with slightly creamy-colored head capsule and apical abdominal segments; mandibles slightly darkened toward the tips.

Chaetotaxy. Head. ( Figs. 6, 7 ) Frontale ( Fig. 6 ) with 8 setae (FR1 – FR5, FR7, FR10 – FR11; FR6 replaced by pore, FR8 & FR9 missing) and 6 pores (FRa – FRf) each side. Parietale ( Figs. 5 , 6, 7 ) with 31 setae (PA1 – PA31) and 17 pores (PAa – PAr; pore e absent) each side. Antenna ( Figs. 5 , 6 ): antennomere 1 with 4 pores (ANa – ANd); antennomere 2 with 3 pores (ANh – ANj); antennomere 3 with 3 setae (AN1 – AN3), no pores, and 2 small sensilla near apex of sensorial appendage ( Fig. 6 ); antennomere 4 with 4 setae (AN4 – AN7) and 1 pore (ANg) and 2 small apical sensilla ( Figs. 5 , 6 ). Mandible ( Figs. 5 , 6 ) with 1 seta (MN1) and 3 pores (MNa – MNc). Labium ( Fig. 7 ): prementum with 2 setae (LA1 – LA2) and 1 pore (LAa) on each side ventrally; palpomere 1 with 1 pore (LAb); palpomere 2 and 3 without pores. Maxilla ( Figs. 5 , 7 ): cardo partially fused with stipes, with 1 seta ( MX 1); stipes with 6 setae ( MX 2 – MX 7) and 3 pores (MXa – MXc), MX 6 articulated; lacinia ( Fig. 7 ) with 2 setae ( MX 7, MX 9); galeomere 1 with 1 seta ( MX 10) and one pore (MXd); galeomere 2 with neither setae or pores; galeomere 3 with one pore (MXg); maxillary palpomeres without visible sensory features.

Thorax. Prothorax: Notum ( Figs. 5 , 8 ) with 14 major “ancestral” setae (PR 1 – PR 14) and numerous auxiliary setae (not labeled), PR 1 absent, and 12 pores (PRa – PRl) on each side. Epimeron ( Fig. 5 ) with 1 seta (PL1), and 2 pores (PLa – PLb) on each side. Episternum ( Fig. 5 ) with 1 seta (ES1) and no pores. Trochantin ( Fig. 9 ) with 5 setae (TS1 – TS5). Prosternite ( Fig. 9 ) with 1 seta (PS1), gPS present with 3 setae and 2 pores each side.

Mesothorax and metathorax: Notum ( Figs. 5 , 8 ) with 14 “ancestral” setae (ME1 – ME14), numerous auxiliary setae (not labeled), and 7 pores (MEa – MEg) on each side. Episternum ( Fig. 9 ) with 3 setae (ES1, ES5, ES6) and no pores. Trochantin ( Fig. 9 ) with 5 setae (TS1– TS5). Epimeron ( Fig. 9 ) with 1 seta (EM1). Sternum ( Fig. 9 ) with 1 seta (MS1) each side.

Abdomen. Figs. 5 , 10, 11 , 12, 13 . Tergite I ( Fig. 5 , 10 ) with 10 “ancestral” setae (TE1 – TE10) and numerous auxiliary setae (not labeled), and 3 “ancestral” pores (TEb – TE d) and 5 auxiliary pores (not labeled) each side. Tergites II – VIII as in Tergite I. Tergite IX, X and urogomphi ( Fig. 12 ), IX with 4 setae (UR1 – UR4) and no pores. Epipleurite IX ( Fig. 12 ) with 2 setae (EP1 – EP2) and no pores. Hypopleurite VII ( Fig. 12 ) with 2 setae (HY1 – HY2) and no pores. Segment VII sternite ( Fig. 13 ) with 5 setae (ST1 – ST5) each side and no pores. Segment IX sternite ( Fig. 13 ) with 3 setae (ST1 – ST3) each side and no pores. Segment X (PY) sternite ( Fig. 13 ) with 1 markedly arcuate seta (ST1) each side, no pores. Medially with two close-spaced serrated and recurved teeth ( Figs. 5 , 13 ).

Legs. ( Fig. 14 ). All legs stout, similar in proportions and setation; anterior leg (top) slightly shorter than middle and posterior (bottom) ones. Coxa with 9 setae (ancestral CO1 – CO17, with CO1-6, 15, 16 absent, and 7 pores (COa-c, e-h, f-h not ancestral). Trochanter with 8 setae (TR1 – TR8) and no pores. Femur with 6 setae (FE1 – FE6) and 2 pores FEa and FEb. Tibia with 6 setae (TI1 and TI3 – TI7) with TI2 absent, and no pores. Tarsus with 1 constant seta (TA1) and one pore. Claws simple, with no setae or tooth, symmetrical in shape and size.

INSTAR III. Form. Hypermetamorphic stage 3rd instar (see Habu and Sadanaga, 1965, for description and illustrations).

PUPA. Not described.

Figures

Figure 4. Scanning Electron Micrograph of egg of S. jessoensis: a, complete egg; b, apical micropore; c, surface texture; d, microperforations.

Figure 5. Habitus (left lateral aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar; legs not shown.

Figure 14. Legs (dorsal aspect, left side of thorax) of S. jessoensis, first instar. Top, anterior leg; middle, middle leg; bottom, posterior leg.

Figures 12-13. 12 – Abdominal terga VII to X (dorsal aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar.13 – Abdominal sterna VII to X (ventral aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar.

Figures 6-7. 6 – Head (dorsal aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar; ventral mouthparts and left antenna not shown. 7- Head (ventral aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar; mandibles and antennae not shown.

Figures 8-11. 8 – Th orax (dorsal aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar; legs not shown. 9 – Thorax (ventral aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar; legs not shown.10 – Abdominal terga I & II (dorsal aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar. 11 – Abdominal sterna I & II (ventral aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar.