Paradiopatra

Paxton, Hannelore & Budaeva, Nataliya, 2013, Paradiopatra (Annelida: Onuphidae) from eastern Australian waters, with the description of six new species, Zootaxa 3686 (2), pp. 140-164 : 162-163

Key to species of Paradiopatra

1 Peristomial cirri absent ( Fig. 1 C)........................................................................ 2

- Peristomial cirri present ( Fig 3 C)........................................................................ 6

2 Branchiae present.................................................................................... 3

- Branchiae absent..................................................................................... 4

3 Branchiae from chaetiger 16 or later as single filaments ( Fig 2 D)......................... Paradiopatra acirrata n. sp.

- Branchiae from chaetiger 8–10 with up to three filaments......................... Paradiopatra gracilis Imajima, 2009

4 Two anterior pairs of parapodia with subulate ventral cirri..................... Paradiopatra abyssalis ( Imajima, 1999)

- Three anterior pairs of parapodia with subulate ventral cirri.................................................... 5

5 Pseudocompound falcigers present on the first four pairs of parapodia............ Paradiopatra antarctica ( Monro, 1930)

- Simple falcigers present on the first three pairs of parapodia..................... Paradiopatra minuta ( McIntosh, 1885)

6 Subacicular hooks starting from chaetiger 9, rarely from chaetigers 8–11.......................................... 7

- Subacicular hooks starting from chaetiger 12 or later........................................................ 26

7 Branchiae present.................................................................................... 8

- Branchiae absent.................................................................................... 21

8 Branchiae from chaetiger 3, rarely from chaetigers 4 or 5, well developed with not less than seven filaments............. 9

- Branchiae from chaetiger 6 (very rarely on chaetiger 5) or later, single or pectinate with not more than six branchial filaments.................................................................................................. 10

9 Best developed branchiae with 7–11 filaments; median antenna shorter than lateral antennae; pseudocompound falcigers with moderately long hoods...................................................... Paradiopatra parva ( Moore, 1911)

- Best developed branchiae with 14–18 filaments; median antenna equal in length to lateral antennae; pseudocompound fal- cigers with long hoods.................................................. Paradiopatra furcatoseta ( Monro, 1937)

10 Branchiae from chaetiger 6, rarely from chaetiger 7.......................................................... 11

- Branchiae from chaetiger 8 or later....................................................................... 16

11 Branchiae single, rarely bifid; median antenna more than half as long as lateral antennae........................... 12

- Branchiae pectinate, with more than three filaments in adults; median antenna less than half as long as lateral antennae... 13

12 Frontal lips ovoid; ( Fig. 12 C); pseudocompound falcigers clearly bidentate........ Paradiopatra lepta ( Chamberlin, 1919)

- Frontal lips trapeziform; pseudocompound falcigers indistinctly bidentate.... Paradiopatra litabranchia ( Chamberlin, 1919)

13 Two anterior pairs of parapodia with subulate ventral cirri; pseudocompound falcigers with weakly developed distal append- ages and very long acutely pointed hoods................................................................. 14

- Three anterior pairs of parapodia with subulate ventral cirri; pseudocompound falcigers with well-developed distal appendages and moderately long pointed hoods..................................................................... 15

14 Subacicular hooks always from chaetiger 9............................... Paradiopatra quadricuspis ( M. Sars, 1872)

- Subacicular hooks always from chaetiger 8.................................... Paradiopatra yasudai Imajima, 1999

15 Maxillae I with slender tapering distal parts; maxillae IV with 10–11 small teeth; simple tapering chaetae usually present on third pair of parapodia................................................... Paradiopatra pauli ( Annenkova, 1952)

- Maxillae I with relatively wide distal shafts; maxillae IV with 5–6 large teeth; simple tapering chaetae absent................................................................................... Paradiopatra striata ( Ushakov, 1950)

16 Uni- or tridentate pseudocompound falcigers present at least in some parapodia................................... 17

- All pseudocompound falcigers bidentate................................................................. 20

17 Four pairs of parapodia with bi- to tridentate pseudocompound falcigers............. Paradiopatra simplex Imajima, 1999

- Three pairs of parapodia with uni-, bi- or tridentate pseudocompound falcigers.................................... 18

18 Uni- to bidentate pseudocompound falcigers ( Fig. 13 C–E); branchiae single or bifid.............................. 19

- Uni-, bi- and tridentate pseudocompound falcigers; branchiae present from chaetigers 16–17, usually with 4–5 (rarely between 6–8) filaments.......................................................... Paradiopatra ehlersi ( McIntosh, 1885)

19 Branchiae as single filaments present for short region; subacicular hooks from chaetiger 9.................................................................................................. Paradiopatra variabilis n. sp. (in part)

- Branchiae single or bifid, continuing to posterior end; subacicular hooks from chaetigers 10–11................................................................................................ Paradiopatra crassa Imajima, 1999

20 Branchiae from chaetigers 10–13; median antenna equal in length or slightly shorter than lateral antennae; ceratophores with three or four rings; ventral cirri on modified parapodia digitiform.......... Paradiopatra bihanica (Intes & Le Loeff, 1975)

- Branchiae from chaetigers 7–9; median antenna less than half length of lateral antennae; ceratophores with 6–8 rings; ventral cirri on modified parapodia pyriform.............................. Paradiopatra pyricirra Budaeva & Fauchald, 2011

21 Frontal lips globular ( Fig. 8 B); tubes covered with shell fragments, foraminiferans, echinoid spines, etc. ( Fig. 8 A)...... 22

- Frontal lips ovoid ( Fig. 12 C); tubes smooth, without foreign objects (tubes of P. imajimai , P. variabilis and P. longicappa unknown).......................................................................................... 23

22 Uni- to weakly bidentate falcigers ( Fig. 9 B, C); eyes present; paired subacicular hooks unequal ( Fig. 9 D)............................................................................................... Paradiopatra piccola n. sp.

- Clearly bidentate falcigers; eyes absent; paired subacicular hooks equal............. Paradiopatra fragosa ( Ehlers, 1887)

23 First two pairs of parapodia with pseudocompound falcigers................................... P. longicappa n. sp.

- First three pairs of parapodia with pseudocompound falcigers................................................. 24

24 Two pairs of eyes present; postchaetal lobes present on first five pairs of parapodia....... Paradiopatra okai Imajima, 1999

- Eyes absent; postchaetal lobes present on first 8–9 pairs of parapodia........................................... 25

25 Pectinate chaetae with 13–15 teeth; mandibles slender with very large protomandibles ( Fig. 4 D) Paradiopatra imajimai n. sp.

- Pectinate chaetae with 17–20 teeth; mandibles robust with moderately sized protomandibles ( Fig. 13 G)....................................................................................... Paradiopatra variabilis n. sp. (in part)

26 Branchiae present from chaetigers 13–19, with up to four very long and slender filaments on median segments.............................................................................. Paradiopatra fauchaldi Buzhinskaya, 1985

- Branchiae absent.................................................................................... 27

27 Ceratophores of antennae with lateral projections ( Fig. 7 A)................................................... 28

- Ceratophores of antennae without lateral projections......................................................... 30

28 Anterior modified parapodia with unidentate pseudocompound falcigers, rarely indistinctly bidentate pseudocompound fal- cigers, or simple or pseudocompound tapering chaetae..................... Paradiopatra hartmanae ( Kirkegaard, 1980)

- Anterior modified parapodia with bi- and tridentate pseudocompound falcigers.................................... 29

29 First three pairs of parapodia with bi- and tridentate pseudocompound falcigers.... Paradiopatra papillata ( Kucheruk 1979)

- First two pairs of parapodia with bi- and tridentate pseudocompound falcigers............................................................................................ Paradiopatra capbretonensis Aguirrezabalaga et al., 2002

30 Unidentate pseudocompound falcigers present at least in some anterior parapodia....... Paradiopatra unica Imajima, 1999

- Unidentate pseudocompound falcigers absent.............................................................. 31

31 Aciculae of anterior parapodia unusually long, extending as far as falcigers and limbate chaetae from prechaetal lobe ( Fig. 11 A–C)...................................................................... Paradiopatra spinosa n. sp.

- Aciculae of anterior parapodia extending to about half length of falcigers or less from prechaetal lobe.................. 32

32 Four pairs of subulate ventral cirri; all pseudocompound falcigers clearly tridentate.. Paradiopatra fiordica ( Fauchald, 1982)

- Three pairs of subulate ventral cirri; bi- and tridentate pseudocompound falcigers present............................................................................................... Paradiopatra hispanica ( Amoureux, 1972)

Figures

FIGURE 1. SEM images of Paradiopatra acirrata n. sp. (AM W 43548.001). A, Anterior end, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, enlarged anterior end, dorsal view; D, parapodium 1, superior view; E, aciculae, limbate chaeta and spiny pseudocompound falcigers from chaetiger 2. F, pectinate chaeta from chaetiger 11.

FIGURE 2. Line drawings of Paradiopatra acirrata n. sp. (AM W 43548). A, Parapodium 1, anterior view; B, parapodium 3, anterior view; C, bidentate pseudocompound falciger from chaetiger 1; D, parapodium 25, anterior view; E, mandibles; F, maxillae.

FIGURE 3. SEM images of Paradiopatra imajimai n. sp. (AM W 43551.001). A, Anterior end, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, enlarged anterior end, dorsal view; D, spiny shaft of pseudocompound falciger from chaetiger 1; E, smooth appendages of pseudocompound falcigers from chaetiger 1; F, median parapodium, anterior view; G, pectinate chaetae from chaetiger 14.

FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Paradiopatra imajimai n. sp. (MV F 189432). A, Parapodium 1, anterior view; B, parapodium 3, anterior view; C, bidentate pseudocompound falciger from chaetiger 1; D, mandibles; E, maxillae. Abbreviation: pm, protomandibles.

FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Paradiopatra cf. papillata (MV F 195956). A, Anterior end, dorsal view; B, parapodium 1, anterior view; C, pectinate chaeta from chaetiger 13; D, tridentate pseudocompound falciger from chaetiger 1 (arrow pointing to constriction of hood). Abbreviation: lp, lateral projections.

FIGURE 8. SEM images of Paradiopatra piccola n. sp. (AM W 43552.001). A, Anterior end in tube, dorsal view; B, enlarged anterior end, ventral view; C, same, dorsal view; D, parapodium 1, anterior view; E, spiny pseudocompound falcigers from chaetiger 2.

FIGURE 9. Line drawings of Paradiopatra piccola n. sp. (MV F 195958). A, Parapodium 2, anterior view; B, unidentate pseudocompound falciger from chaetiger 2; C, weakly bidentate pseudocompound falcigers from chaetiger 2; D, parapodium 23, anterior view; E, pectinate chaeta from chaetiger 14; F, mandibles; G, maxillae.

FIGURE 11. Line drawings of Paradiopatra spinosa n. sp. (Holotype AM W 36461, D, E; AM W 43547, others). A, Parapodium 1, anterior view; B, parapodium 2, anterior view; C, parapodium 3, anterior view; D, E, tridentate pseudocompound falcigers from chaetiger 1; F, same from chaetiger 2; G, seemingly bidentate pseudocompound falciger from chaetiger 2; H, parapodium 16, anterior view; I, mandibles; J, maxillae.

FIGURE 12. SEM images of Paradiopatra variabilis n. sp. (AM W 43554.001, A, F, G; B – E; AM W 43555.001). A, Anterior end, dorsal view; B, same, ventral view; C, same, enlarged, ventral view; D, parapodium 1, anterior view; E, pseudocompound falciger from chaetiger 3; F, pectinate and limbate chaetae from median parapodium; G, median parapodium, showing simple branchia.

FIGURE 13. Line drawings of Paradiopatra variabilis n. sp. (AM W 43549, A, B, E – H; holotype MV F 189440, C, D). A, Parapodium 2, anterior view; B, parapodium 3, anterior view; C, bidentate pseudocompound falciger from chaetiger 1; D, weakly bidentate pseudocompound falciger from chaetiger 1; E, unidentate pseudocompound falciger from chaetiger 1; F, subacicular hook from chaetiger 23; G, mandibles; H, maxillae.