Pharaxonothinae, Crowson, 1952

Tang, William, Skelley, Paul & Pérez-Farrera, Miguel Angel, 2018, Ceratophila, a new genus of erotylid beetles (Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting male cones of the cycad Ceratozamia (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), Zootaxa 4508 (2), pp. 151-178 : 153

Key to genera of Pharaxonothinae (modified from Leschen 2003 and Xu et al. 2015)

1 Antennal club of 2 antennomeres.......................................................... Setariola Jacobson

- Antennal club of 3 antennomeres......................................................................... 2

2 Pronotal callosities present; vestiture of scale-like setae................................ Leucohimatium Rosenhauer

- Pronotal callosities absent; vestiture of simple setae.......................................................... 3

3 Eyes small, ventrally not encroaching upon gular area, distance between eye and lateral corner of mentum about equal to length of eye in ventral view; not associated with cycads...................................................... 4

- Eyes large, ventrally encroaching upon gular area, distance between eye and lateral corner of mentum <1/2 eye length in ventral view; most associated with cycads..................................................................... 5

4 Dorsal punctation strong and impressed.................................................... Henoticonus Reitter

- Dorsal punctation weak and not strongly impressed......................................... Loberogosmus Reitter

5 Submental-gular suture visible as depressed darkened area, often with row of punctures and setae; anterior pronotal margin of most with fine, distinct, complete marginal line; male genitalia with median lobe and tegmen laterally flattened and slightly to strongly twisted (at least basally); spiculum gastrale asymmetrical; Asia............... Cycadophila Xu, Tang & Skelley

- Submental-gular suture apparently lacking, surface flattened; anterior pronotal margin lacking marginal line, some with row of fine punctures; male genitalia with median lobe cylindrical and tegmen dorsoventrally or laterally flattened, but usually not twisted; spiculum gastrale symmetrical; Americas............................................................ 6

6 Lateral pronotal carina thicker anteriorly in lateral view ( Figs. 1 D–E); head with supraocular lines and elytra lacking basal bead; stridulatory file at base of head separated by distance ~ 0.5× width of the scutellar shield ( Fig. 1B ); tarsomeres I–III distinctly widened ( Figs. 4 D–E, 8F), metatarsomere I width ± length; male genitalia with median lobe arched in lateral view; flagellum length Ĺ length of median lobe and not coiled ( Figs. 4G , 5F , 6H , 7G , 8G ); Mexico and probably Belize, Guatemala and Honduras on Ceratozamia ............................................................ Ceratophila , new genus

- Lateral pronotal carina narrow, same thickness along entire length in lateral view ( Fig. 1C ); head without supraocular lines and elytra with distinct basal bead ( Fig. 1A; P . esperanzae Chaves and Genaro is the exception); stridulatory files at base of head separated by distance ~ width of scutellar shield ( Fig. 1A ); tarsomeres I–III narrow, metatarsomere I length always distinctly greater than width; male genitalia with median lobe straight; flagellum length >> length of median lobe and coiled; widespread New World on Ceratozamia , Dioon , Microcycas , Zamia ..................................... Pharaxonotha Reitter

Figures

FIGURE 1. Key characters of adults: base of head, pronotum and base of elytra, dorsal view: A) Pharaxonotha sp. collected from Ceratozamia tenuis; B) Ceratophila (C.) chemnicki; pronotal left lateral margins: C) Pharaxonotha sp. from Ceratozamia tenuis; D) Ceratophila (C.) sanchezae; E) Ceratophila (Uovidesa) chiapensis from Ceratozamia vovidesii; right metatibiae of male individuals, posterior view: F) Ceratophila (C.) gregoryi; G) C. (U.) mixeorum; b: basal bead of elytra; s: stridulatory files.

FIGURE 4. Photographs of Ceratophila (Ceratophila) picipennis collected from Ceratozamia mirandae (A–E: male holotype): A–C) dorsal, ventral and lateral and habitus; D–F) head, dorsal and ventral views; G) male genital capsule, ventral view; H) median lobe still attached with tegmen, lateral and ventral views; I) close up of parameres of tegmen, ventral view.

FIGURE 5. Photographs of Ceratophila (Ceratophila) sanchezae (A–E: female allotype): A–C) dorsal, ventral and lateral and habitus; D–E) head, ventral and lateral views; F) median lobe still attached with tegmen, ventral and lateral views; G) male genital capsule, ventral view.

FIGURE 6. Photographs of Ceratophila (Uovidesa) chiapensis collected from Ceratozamia vovidesii (A–F: female allotype): A–C) dorsal, ventral and lateral and habitus; D–F) head, dorsal, ventral and lateral views; G) (left to right) male genital capsule, median lobe and tegmen, ventral views; H) median lobe and tegmen, lateral views; I) close up of parameres of tegmen, ventral view.

FIGURE 7. Photographs of Ceratophila (Uovidesa) mixeorum (A–E: male holotype): A–C) dorsal, ventral and lateral and habitus; D–E) head, dorsal and ventral views; F) (left to right) male genital capsule, median lobe and tegmen, ventral views; G) (top to bottom) median lobe and tegmen, lateral views; H) close up of parameres of tegmen, ventral view.

FIGURE 8. Photographs of Ceratophila (Uovidesa) vazquezi (A–D, F: male holotype): A–C) dorsal, ventral and lateral and habitus; D) head, ventral view; E) head, female, ventral view; F) head lateral view; G) median lobe still attached to tegmen, ventral and lateral views; H) male genital capsule, ventral view; arrow indicates tuft of erect setae on mentum and submentum.