Pamphilius hilaris ( Eversmann, 1847 )

Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja & Taeger, Andreas, 2022, The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), Zootaxa 5167 (1), pp. 1-251 : 74-75

Pamphilius hilaris ( Eversmann, 1847)

( Figs 79 , 80 ) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405190)

Lyda hilaris Eversmann, 1847: 61 .

Pamphilius hilaris: Gussakovskij, 1935: 170 , 378; Shinohara, 1971: 25 [“ hiralis ”]; Beneš, 1974: 308, 313; Shinohara & Okutani, 1983: 277; Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara, 2002a: 189; Shinohara, 2002b: 431; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara & Taeger, 2007: 35; Shinohara & Lelej, 2007: 930, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 87; Sundukov & Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Shinohara, 2019: 9; Shinohara, 2020: 12, 243; Shinohara, 2021: 123.

Lectotype designation. Gussakovskij (1935) examined only one specimen in Eversmann’s material (“Mir liegt nur das typische Stück von Eversmann vor”) and Beneš (1972) treated it as the holotype. However, Eversmann’s (1847) type material should be a syntype, because he did not mention the number of specimens he had for description. We hereby designate the specimen in ZISP as the lectotype. The head of the lectotype is missing. The abdominal segments 1–5 are yellow (Eversmann started counting the abdominal segments with 2, accordingly he wrote “segmentis 2–6 fulvis” in the original description). The lectotype is labelled as follows: “Spask Jun”, “hilaris.”, “ Pamphilius hilaris Ev ♀ Gussakovskij det.”, “село Спасское Оренбургской губ.” (= village Spasskoe, oblast Orenburg, 52.017°N 56.567°E), “ Lyda hilaris Ev. к. Эверсмана”, golden circle, “ Syntype Lyda hilaris Eversmann 1847 vide A. Taeger 2014”, “DEI-GISHym 30352” (see https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405190).

Material examined. About 210 specimens, including the lectotype. Ten specimens are known from the Russian Far East and Korea ( Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ ( Fig. 79 , DEI-GISHym 88046), Anisimovka 7 km S, Mt. Litovka, 1200m, 43.102°N 132.786°E, 19. VI . 2017, V . Loktionov ( SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 2♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts ., 31. V . 1992 , A. Shinohara ( Fig. 80 , NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 29. V . 1993 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 31. V . 1993 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT); 1♀ ( NSMT 30860 ), same locality, 28. V . 2009 , A. Shinohara ( NSMT).

Distribution. Russia (Orenburg Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Yakutia, Kamchatka Kraj, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin), China (Shaanxi), Japan (Honshu) ( Shinohara & Lee 2010). South Korea (new record).

Host plant. Rosaceae : Rosa multiflora Thunb. ( Shinohara 1971, 2021).

Remarks. This species belongs to the P. inanitus group ( Shinohara 2002b) and is similar to the European P. inanitus both in morphology and life history, including the rose-feeding larva making a specialized leaf roll ( Lorenz & Kraus 1957; Shinohara 1971, 2021). The female of the two species may be separated by the color pattern of the dorsal and lateral part of the head, which is mostly black in P. inanitus and mostly orange in P. hilaris . The previously undescribed male of P. hilaris is distinguished from the other East Asian congeners by the characters given in the key, whereas it is not separable for the moment from that of P. inanitus . Our molecular analysis, however, showed that the four European specimens of P. inanitus differed from the two Russian and Korean specimens of P. hilaris by a minimum of 4.2% in the COI sequences ( Fig. 143 ), which was large enough for us to regard the two sets of specimens as belonging to different species.

The four male specimens from Korea listed above represent the first record of this species from the country.

Figures

FIGURE 79. Pamphilius hilaris, female, Russia – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) fore wing, (g) sawsheath laterally, (h) claw.

FIGURE 80. Pamphilius hilaris, male, Korea – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) genitalia dorsally, (g) genitalia ventrally, (h) antenna, (i) claw.

FIGURES 142–143. Condensed ML tree based on CO1 gene sequences, with details of Pamphilius 142. histrio group. 143. inanitus group.