Hypotrachyna subgen. Everniastrum (Hale ex Sipman) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix

Divakar, Pradeep K., Crespo, Ana, Núñez-Zapata, Jano, Flakus, Adam, Sipman, Harrie J. M., Elix, John A. & Lumbsch, H. Thorsten, 2013, A molecular perspective on generic concepts in the Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota), Phytotaxa 132 (1), pp. 21-38 : 29

Hypotrachyna subgen. Everniastrum (Hale ex Sipman) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch,

comb. et stat. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 803543

Everniastrum Hale ex Sipman (1986: 335) . Type species:— Hypotrachyna cirrhata (Fr.) Divakar et al. (2013: 21–38) ; Everniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale ex Sipman (1986: 337) . Parmelia cirrhata Fries (1825: 283) .

A subgenus in the genus Hypotrachyna , corresponding to clade 4 in Fig. 1 , including all species placed in Everniastrum by Sipman (1980, 1986) excluding Everniastrum lipidiferum .

Hypotrachyna subgen. Longilobae Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch , subgen. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 803544

Type species:— Hypotrachyna longiloba (H. Magn.) Smith (1993: 328) . Parmelia longiloba Magnusson (1941: 7) .

A new subgenus in the genus Hypotrachyna , corresponding to clade 1 (excl. H. fissicarpa ) in Fig. 1 , characterized by separate, linear lobes, densely rhizinate lower surface and the presence of atranorin, alectoronic, anziaic, α- and β-collatolic, and gyrophoric acids. All species included are distributed at higher elevation mainly in the Neotropics, but also in the southern United States and East Africa.

Hypotrachyna subgen. Parmelinopsis (Elix & Hale) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch, comb. et stat. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 803545 Parmelinopsis Elix & Hale (1987: 242) . Type species:— Hypotrachyna horrescens (Taylor) Krog & Swinscow (1987:

420); Parmelinopsis horrescens (Taylor) Elix & Hale (1987: 242) . Parmelia horrescens Taylor in Mackay (1836:

144).

A subgenus in the genus Hypotrachyna , corresponding to clade 6 in Fig. 1 , including all species currently placed in Parmelinopsis plus Hypotrachyna species with sparsely dichotomously branched rhizines, and containing gyrophoric, lecanoric and olivetoric acids in the medulla.

Hypotrachyna subgen. Sinuosae Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch , subgen. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 803546

Type species: — Hypotrachyna sinuosa (Sm.) Hale (1975: 63) . Lichen sinuosus Smith (1809: tab. 2050).

A new subgenus in the genus Hypotrachyna , corresponding to clade 2 in Fig. 1 , characterized by combination of features in having mostly separate, linear lobes, densely rhizinate lower surface and the presence of usnic acid, galbinic, norstictic, stictic and salazinic acids. All species included are mainly distributed at higher elevation.

Figures

FIGURE 1. 50% majority-rule consensus tree of the molecular phylogenetic relationships in the Hypotrachyna clade, based on 64000 trees from a B/MCMC tree-sampling procedure of a combined dataset of ITS, nu LSU, and mt SSU sequences. Two species of Parmeliopsis used as outgroup. Posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 are given above the branches, and values below the branches are ML bootstrap values ≥ 70%. Branches that received strong support in any of the two analyses (RaxML and B/MCMC) are in boldface. Asterisk mark shows the type species of the genus Hypotrachyna. Clades numbered indicate phylogenetic clusters explained in the text.