Zalophus Gill 1866

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 532-628 : 593

Zalophus Gill 1866

Zalophus Gill 1866 , Proc. Essex Inst. Salem, 5: 7.

Type Species: Otaria Gilliespii Macbain" 1858

Species and subspecies: 3 species:

Species Zalophus californianus (Lesson 1828)

Species Zalophus japonicus Peters 1866

Species Zalophus wollebaeki Sivertsen 1953

Discussion: Included in Arctocephalus by Van Gelder (1977 b). Mohr (1952) reported successful matings between Arctocephalus pusillus and Z. californianus . Rice (1998), followed here, argued for the retention of japonicus , californianus , and wollenbaeki as distinct species. Itoo (1985) concluded that japonicus was distinct, and behavioral differences separate californianus and wollenbaeki ( Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1984). But see Scheffer (1958) who recognized these populations at the subspecies level.