Panorpa mokansana Cheng, 1957

Wang, Ji-Shen, Gao, Xiao-Tong & Hua, Bao-Zhen, 2019, Two new species of the genus Panorpa (Mecoptera, Panorpidae) from eastern China and a new synonym, ZooKeys 874, pp. 149-164 : 149

Panorpa mokansana Cheng, 1957 Figure 4

Panorpa mokansana Cheng, 1957a: 27, figs 1, 2.

Panorpa wrighti Cheng, 1957a: 28, figs 3, 4; P. wrightae nom. corr., Wang & Hua, 2017: 31. syn. nov.

Materials examined.

2♂17♀, CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Deqing County [德清县], Mount Mogan [莫干山], Weird Rock Corner [怪石角] (30°36'34"N, 119°50'58"E, 640 m), 8.x.2018, leg. Ji-Shen Wang.

Measurements.

Male FL 10.8‒12.0 mm, FW 2.9‒3.2 mm; HL 9.8‒10.7 mm, HW 2.8‒3.0 mm. Female FL 12.9‒13.5 mm, FW 3.3‒3.5 mm; HL 11.9‒12.5 mm, HW 3.0‒3.3 mm.

Redescription-male.

Head ( Fig. 4A, C ). Vertex yellow. Large black pattern enclosing ocelli, and extending posteriorly, forming thin black margin aside yellow occiput. Rostrum yellowish brown and deepened toward apex, with its length approximately 3.7 times as long as basal width. Maxillary palp with basal four segments yellowish brown and distal segment dark brown. Scape yellowish brown; pedicel dark brown; flagellum black with 39‒41 flagellomeres.

Thorax ( Fig. 4A, D ). Pronotum unevenly dark brown and bearing 8‒10 stout setae along anterior margin. Meso- and metanotum dark brown antero-laterally, with a broad yellow mesal stripe; scutellar arms dark brown; postnota yellow. Pleura and legs yellowish brown.

Wings ( Fig. 4A ). Membrane hyaline, slightly tinged with yellow and fading toward apex; markings black; veins yellowish brown except apical crossveins pale white; pterostigma indistinct. Forewing apical band broad, with a large hyaline window in posterior portion; pterostigmal band complete, with basal branch two times as wide as apical branch; marginal spot thick and nearly extending to anterior border of thyridium; basal band broad, with posterior half two times as wide as anterior half; basal spot large and irregular; R2 bifurcated. Hindwing similar to forewing, but marginal spot reduced and not reaching C anteriorly; basal band represented by a large spot along hind margin and an indistinct small spot along anterior margin; and lacking a basal spot.

Abdomen ( Fig. 4A, E ). T2‒T5 black anteriorly and reddish brown posteriorly; corresponding sterna reddish brown. Notal organ on T3 broad, very short, bearing numerous dense setae posteriorly, and covering acute postnotal organ on T4. A6‒A8 reddish brown. A6 with irregular black pattern on lateral surface, approximately two times as long as A5, subcylindrical, slightly tapering from middle toward abruptly beveled apex. A7 with sooty black texture on lateral surface, greatly constricted stalk-like basally, and greatly enlarged towards truncated apex. A8 similar to A7 but less constricted basally, and rounded apically.

Genital bulb ( Fig. 4F, G ) reddish brown, oval. Epandrium long and broad, with wide V-shaped emargination terminally and forming a pair of stout processes laterally. Cerci long clavate, yellowish brown with slightly deepened apex. Hypandrium with greatly reduced stalk and a pair of slender hypovalves extending to middle of gonocoxites, and each bearing a row of long setae on inner margin of apical half. Gonocoxites stout, bearing a few long setae on ventral apex. Gonostyli longer than half length of gonocoxites, with prominent middle tooth and stout basal process on inner margin. Paramere ( Fig. 4H ) bifurcated: ventral branch short and stout, curved mesally; dorsal branch long and slender; both branches bearing numerous long spines along posterior margin. Ventral aedeagal valves membranous and inconspicuous; dorsal process broad basally, slender and curved divergently at distal portion; lateral process stout and inconspicuous.

Description-female.

Similar to males but darker in body color and denser in wing markings ( Fig. 4B ). T2‒T5 dark brown but reddish brown on hind margins; T6‒T10 reddish brown. T9 elongated, nearly 1.5 times as long as and wider than T8, with its lateral margins greatly curled ventrad and enclosing lateral margin of subgenital plate ( Fig. 4I, J ).

Female genitalia. Subgenital plate ( Fig. 4I, J ) long oval with narrow base, broadest at distal fourth, tapering into subtriangular and indistinctly emarginate apex. Medigynium ( Fig. 4K, L ) with well-developed main plate; a pair of posterior arms slender and parallel, shorter than main plate, and slightly bending dorsad at distal half; axis approximately as long as main plate, not exceeding main plate posteriorly but slightly exceeding the latter anteriorly; apodemes greatly divergent at shortly bifurcated apexes, with anterior portion covered by main plate ventrally.

Distribution.

China, Zhejiang: Deqing County (Mount Mogan).

Remarks.

Panorpa mokansana Cheng, 1957 and Panorpa wrightae Cheng, 1957 were described from the same locality, Mount Mogan, based on a single male (19.ix.1927) and a single female (28.ix.1927), respectively ( Cheng 1957a). The holotypes of these two nominal species are deposited in the Collection of California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. According to Cheng’s descriptions, the female of P. wrightae resembles the male of P. mokansana in wing markings but only differs from the latter in the body color (dull brown vs. mostly reddish brown). During our recent expedition in Zhejiang Province, a number of new materials were collected from the type locality. The males have been readily determined to be P. mokansana , and the females conform to Cheng’s description and illustration of P. wrightae . Because females are essential for an insect species, it is reasonable for us to consider that P. mokansana and P. wrightae are very likely conspecific. Therefore, P. wrightae is treated as a junior subjective synonym of P. mokansana herein.

Figures

Figure 4. Panorpa mokansana Cheng, 1957 A, C-H Male B, I-L female. A, B Habitus, dorsal view C head, frontal view D dorsum, dorsal view E abdomen, lateral view F, G genital bulb, ventral and dorsal views, respectively H aedeagal complex, ventral view I, J A 8 ‒ A 11, ventral and lateral views, respectively K, L medigynium, ventral and lateral views, respectively. ae, aedeagus; ax, axis; ce, cercus; dpr, dorsal process; ep, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hv, hypovalve; lpr, lateral process; mdg, medigynium; mp, main plate; no, notal organ; pm, paramere; pno, postnotal organ; sgp, subgenital plate; sth, stalk of hypandrium; stp, stalk of paramere; vv, ventral valve.