Ceratomerus Philippi, 1865: 765 Ceratomerus paradoxus Philippi Tomia Paramonov, 1961: 100 Martynov (1936: 1262) Tomia campbelli Paramonov Tomia Paramonov C. campbelli Ceratomerus Tomia Paramonov Tomia Martynov (1936) Tomiidae ( Rohdendorf, 1991 ) Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of the Subfamily Ceratomerinae of Australia (Diptera: Empidoidea) Bradley J Sinclair Records of the Australian Museum 2003 55 1 44 3KTX 192478 Philippi Philippi 1865 [1027,1278,1411,1435] Insecta Brachystomatidae Ceratomerus Animalia Diptera 4 5 Arthropoda genus      Ceratomerus Philippi, 1865: 765. Type-species  Ceratomerus paradoxusPhilippi(monotypy).     Tomia Paramonov, 1961: 100nec  Martynov (1936: 1262). Typespecies  Tomia campbelliParamonov(original designation) (Colless & D.K. McAlpine, 1991: 760).  Notes on synonymy.  TomiaParamonovwas erected for the highly autapomorphic species  C. campbelli, but the extreme morphological features are not unusual for the genus  Ceratomerus, and Colless & D.K. McAlpine (1991) were justified in this synonymy. In addition,  TomiaParamonovis a junior homonym of  Tomia Martynov (1936), a fossil Paraplecopteran of the family Tomiidae ( Rohdendorf, 1991).   Diagnosis. This genus is distinguished from other Ceratomerinaeby the following combination of characters: posterior ocelli usually widely separated with ocellar bristles inserted anteriorly, postpedicel lengthened and tapered apically, acrostichal setulae present, 3–5 dorsocentral bristles present, Sc complete, R 4+5branched, cell dm emitting 2 veins (M 1+2and CuA 1), cell cu pabsent, presence of distinct bristles on tibiae,scutum not highly polished,and abdominal sclerites not heavily sclerotized and punctate.   Description. Male. Head. Dichoptic, bare; face parallelsided; frons slightly narrowed above antennae; posterior ocelli usually widely separated with ocellar bristles inserted anteriorly. Antenna with scape at least 2 times length of pedicel; pedicel normally ovate, sometimes slightly to greatly lengthened; postpedicel with quadrate base, attenuated and strongly prolonged apically; occasionally apical segments (8–10) fused to postpedicel. Proboscis long, slender; labrum long, stout, with pair of apical epipharyngeal blades; lacinia free, blade-like; pseudotracheae absent.  Thorax. Antepronotum usually with stout pair of setae; scutum generally completely clothed in fine, pale pruinescence; acrostichal setulae uniserial or biserial, rarely absent; 3–5 dc; 1–2 npl, 1–2 pairs sctl; laterotergite bare.  Winglong and narrow; stigma absent or present at apex of R 1or apex of cell r 1; Sc complete; C circumambient; R 4+5branched; cell dm emitting 2 veins (M 1+2and CuA 1); cell cu pabsent.  Abdomen. Sclerites usually not heavily sclerotized; lacking punctate appearance.   Terminalia. Hypandrium narrow with pair of divergent postgonites, gonocoxal apodemes short and slender, somewhat projected beyond hypandrium. Phallus short with plate-like ejaculatory apodeme fused to base of phallus. Epandrial lamellae separated, lacking dorsal bridge ventral to cercus; surstylus weakly to strongly articulated. Cercus membranous to strongly sclerotized, often with long apical setae and long setae surrounding anus.  Female.  Terminalia. Posterior margin of T7 with row of setae. T8 articulated anterolaterally with S8; anterior margin with pair of flattened plates, single, rounded median plate, or margin straight (plates absent); posterior margin with median membranous cleft; medially with transverse row of setae. S8 with slender ventral setae, membranous posteriorly. T10 with 1 or more posterior rows of acanthophorite spines of various sizes. Cercus held upright, slightly arched, bearing apically numerous spine-like bristles similar to acanthophorite spines on T10, posterior margin with long, slender setae. Spermathecal receptacle spherical, darkly pigmented on long, unpigmented duct.   Remarks. This genus is recorded from Australia, New Zealandand South America. There are 19, nearly 40, and five species known from Australia, New Zealandand South America, respectively. The above generic concept of  Ceratomerusis based on the examination of all known species of Ceratomerinae, which is the preliminary result of an on going phylogenetic analysis reported by Sinclair (1998).