Urophora syriaca Echinops viscosus Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea E. viscosus U. syriaca Echinops spp. Flowerhead-infesting fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on thistles (Asteraceae), in Lebanon Knio, Khouzama M. Kalash, Sameer H. White, Ian M. Journal of Natural History 2002 2002-04-30 36 5 617 629 89C6K (Hendel, 1927) Hendel 1927 [429,806,1422,1446] Insecta Tephritidae Urophora Animalia Diptera 11 627 Arthropoda species syriaca    Urophora syriacais specialist on  Echinops viscosus.However, one femalewas reared from  Centaurea calcitrapa, which is a new but an unusual host for this species and could reēct an oviposition mistake, considering that the  Centaureaplants were growing in close proximity to  E. viscosus.In Israel,  U. syriacaattacks the heads of  Echinopsspp.mainly in June, which was the only time this ¯y was found in Lebanon. The distribution of this species includes only Syria, Lebanonand Israel( Freidberg, 1974; Freidberg and Kugler, 1989; White and Korneyev, 1989).