The decapod fauna (Axiidea, Anomura, Brachyura) from the Late Pleistocene of Trumbacà, Reggio Calabria (Calabria, southern Italy) Garassino, Alessandro Pasini, Giovanni Angeli, Antonio De Hyžný, MatÚš Natural History Sciences 2014 2014-11-24 1 2 119 130 3PG4V (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus 1758 [113,443,1069,1096] Malacostraca Leucosiidae Ilia Animalia Decapoda 5 124 Arthropoda species nucleus   Fig. 2B   Material and measurements: One complete carapace (MSNM i27903 – lcxp: 10 mm; wcxp: 7 mm).   Discussion. Zariquiey Álvarez (1968)pointed out the main diagnostic characters of  Ilia nucleus, as follows: typical globular carapace, slightly longer than wide; very narrow subacutely bidentate front; posterior margin with well-developed, rounded two median lobes, and one strong spine upward-directed on either lateral margins. We ascribe the studied specimens to the extant  I. nucleus, because it shares the same above-mentioned morphological characters. A review of the morphological characters of this species carried on by Garassino and Pasini (2012), pointed out that all the specimens previously reported from the Pliocene of Italyand erroneously ascribed to  I. pliocaenicaRistori, 1891, should be instead ascribed to  I. nucleus(for discussion see Garassino et al.,2010 a, 2012, 27-30; Garassino & Pasini, 2012, 43-46). Moreover  I. nucleus, was recently reported from the Early Pleistocene (Emilian) of Pomezia (Roma, Lazio, central Italy) ( Garassino et al., 2010a; Garassino & Pasini, 2012), and from the Zanclean (Early Pliocene) of “La Serra” quarry ( Pisa, Tuscany, central Italy) by Garassino et al. (2012). Extant  I. nucleusis widespread in the Mediterranean Sea, living imbedded in sandy bottoms from 5 to 160 meters deep.  Note. The studied specimen shows direct evidence of a predation consisting of an ovoid submillimetric drilled hole into the dorsal gastric region. This kind of holes (ichnotaxon  Oichnos ovalis)has been attributed to possibly octopods with some figured examples ( Klompmaker et al., 2013: 606, 605, fig. 3). Similar boreholes of compa- rable size and form, were previously reported also from the fossil decapod leucosiid  Ristoria pliocaenica(Ristori, 1891)from the Early Pliocene of the “La Serra” quarry by Pasini & Garassino (2012: 263, 261, Fig. 3 A, B). This report expands the scarce record on fossil decapod crab predation found in the worldwide Cenozoic (for discussion see Klompmaker et al., 2013).