Telemiades Hübner, [1819] Telemiades avitus Cramer T. epicalus avitus Cramer T. salatis Cramer. Atlas Neotrop. Lep. Pyrdalus Pyrdalus Telcmiades hybridus Pyrdalus Mabille, 1903 P. corbulo Cramer, 1782 Atlas Neotrop. Lep. Telmiades amphion Telemiades Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species Siewert, Ricardo Russo Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik Casagrande, Mirna Martins Zootaxa 2020 2020-01-09 4721 1 1 111 92NY8 Hubner, [1819] Hubner 1819 [151,481,657,684] Insecta Hesperiidae Telemiades Animalia Lepidoptera 5 6 Arthropoda genus    TelemiadesHübner, [1819]. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 106; species included:  Telemiades avitusCramer,  T. epicalus(=  avitusCramer354E) and  T. salatisCramer.—Herrich–Schäffer, 1869. Corr.–Blatt zool.–min. Ver. Regensburg 23: 61, 133, 140, 188.—Scudder, 1875. Proc. Amer. Ac. Arts & Sc. 10: 277.—Plötz, 1879. Stett. ent. Ztg. 40: 175.— Plötz, 1882. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 72.— Watson, 1893. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 18, 27.— Godman & Salvin, 1893. Biol. Centr.–Amer., Lep.–Rhop. 2, p. 316.— Mabille, 1903, inWytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 18, 28.— Mabille & Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 111.— Draudt, 1922, inSeitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 868.—Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: 103.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 76.—Hayward, 1933. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 5: 180.—Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 190.—Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 616.—Hemming, 1937. Hübner 2, p. 260.—Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 2:250.— Williams & Hayward, 1944. Acta zool. Lill. 2: 107.— Bell, 1946. Bol. Ent. venezol. 5: 89.—Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 256.— Hayward, 1948. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 1, p. 57, 133.— Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 7, 24.—Biezanko, 1963. Arq. Ent., sér. A, Pelotas, p. 9.—Hemming, 1967. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent.,Suppl. 9: 432.—Lamas, 1969. Biota 7: 328.— Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 36.—C. Hoffmann, 1976. Publ. Esp. Soc. Mex. Lep. 1: 121.—Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 58.—Okano, 1981. Tokurana 1: 28.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Fam.–Group & Gen.–Group Nam. 4, p. 128; 5, p. 7; syn.: Telcmiades.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 2, p. 59; App. 2, p. 7; syn.: Telcmiades.—Bridges, 1989. Add. Corr. Cat./Checkl. Butt. Amer. N. Amer. N. Mexico, p. 7.—Llorente–Bousquets; Luis–Martínez & Vargas–Fernández, 1990. Publ. esp. Mus. Zool., Mexico, 1: 18.—J. de la Maza E.; White & R. G. de la Maza E., 1991. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 14: 17.—Lamas; Mielke & Robbins, 1993. Jour. Lep. Soc. 47: 81; etol.—R. G. de la Maza E. & J. de la Maza E., 1993. Marip. Chiapas, p. 202.—Warren, 2000, inLlorente; González & Papavero (eds). Biodiv., Tax., Biogeogr. Art. Mex. 2, p. 550.—Warren, 2004. The Nature & Insects 39(2): 15.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 7, 56, inLamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, inHeppner (ed.).  Atlas Neotrop. Lep.5A; syn.: Telcmiades, Telmiades.— Burns, 2005. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 107(4): 770, 774; syn.:  Pyrdalus.— Mielke, 2005. Cat.Amer. Hesperioidea 1, p. 8; 3, p. 740; syn.: Telcmiades, Telmiades.—DeVries; Austin & Martin, 2008. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 94: 727.—Warren; Ogawa & A. Brower, 2008. Cladistics 24: 25.—Warren; Ogawa & A. Brower, 2009. Syst. Ent. 34: 482, 484, 513; syn.:  Pyrdalus.— Greeney, 2009. Jour. Res. Lep. 41: 55; biol.—Sambhu & Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371: 14.  Telcmiades[ sic]; Mabille, 1891. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 35, C. R., p. 61;  Telcmiades hybridus.—Hemming, 1967. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent.,Suppl. 9: 432.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Fam.–Group & Gen.–Group Nam. 4, p. 128.   Pyrdalus Mabille, 1903, inWytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 44, 60; typespecies:  P. corbuloCramer, 1782.— Draudt, 1922, inSeitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 893.—Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. 18: 99.—Hayward, 1933. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 5: 220.— Shepard, 1934. Lep. Cat. 64, p. 148.— Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 7, 31.—Hemming, 1967. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent.,Suppl. 9: 389.—Lamas, 1969. Biota 7: 330.—Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 53.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 2, p. 29.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 2, p. 48; App. 2, p. 7.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Fam.–Group & Gen.–Group Nam. 4, p. 113; 5, p. 7.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 6, 53, inLamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papil-ionoidea, inHeppner (ed.).  Atlas Neotrop. Lep.5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 1, p. 7; 3, p. 664.  Telmiades[ sic]; Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 207;  Telmiades amphion.   Telemiades sp. Salazar, 1996. S hilap Revta lepid. 24: 191.—Andrade, 2002, in Costa et al. Monogr. Terc. Milenio, Saragoza, 2: 159.— Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 102; hostplant.—Bonfantti; Di Mare & Giovenardi, 2009. Check List,Campinas, 5(4): 826.—Mielke; Carneiro & Casagrande, 2010. Biota Neotrop. 10(4): 296.— Janzen et al., 2011. PLoS ONE 6(8): 6, 13.—Mielke; Carneiro & Casagrande, 201 2. Acta Amaz. 42(2): 255.    Typespecies:  Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781(designated by Scudder, 1875).  Taxonomic history.  Telemiadeswas proposed by Hübner ([1819]), including  Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781,  Papilio salatisStoll, 1782[=  Salatis salatis] and  Telemiades epicalus(=  avitusCramer345E).   Diagnosis.Adults are characterized by the following characters: labial palpi porrect ( sensu Evans, 1953), eyelashes dark brown and short, long apiculus (≥ 18 segments), males with costal fold in FW, three apical hyaline spots in R 3–R 4, R 4–R 5and R 5–M  1inFW, tegumen with one or two pairs of lateral apophysis, uncus shorter than tegumen (except in “  epicalusgroup”), and distal margin with two lateral projections, gnathos divided, sclerotized arms connected by a thin membrane; apical third of arms semi–rectangular and corrugated; posterior apophysis twice the size of papilla analis, ductus bursae with internal sclerotized parts.