Taxonomic revision of the genus Schildia Aldrich, 1923 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae) with the description of new extant and extinct species Dikow, Torsten Bayless, Keith M. Insect Systematics & Evolution 2009 2009-01-01 40 253 289 Dikow & Bayless, 2009 Dikow & Bayless 2009 [121,296,442,469] Insecta Asilidae Schildia Animalia Diptera 9 262 Arthropoda species adina sp. nov.  Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the long posteriorly oriented postsutural dorsocentral setae, the very short, dense trichoid spicules, which are not symmetrical dorsally and ventrally, the presence of long apical scutellar setae, and the distribution restricted to Madagascar.  Etymology. Latinized Malagasy adjective adino = forgotten. Refers to the fact that this species was initially discovered as subfossilized specimens preserved in Malagasy copal (see Discussion).  Description. Head: Face silver pruinose, wide, wider than an adjacent ommatidium; mystax light yellow, 4 setae, 2 short median and 2 long lateral setae; vertex wide, wider than face at clypeal–facial margin, silver pruinose; occipital triangle apruinose, distance between triangle and median eye margin more than adjacent ommatidium; occiput brown pruinose, median dorso-ventral stripe silver pruinose; postocular setae brown; proboscis light brown; Antennae: scape and pedicel light yellow, light brown setae dorsally and ventrally; postpedicel proximally light yellow, brown distally, silver pruinose, about 1.5 times as long as combined length of scape and pedicel; stylus brown, about 1/4–1/3 as long as postpedicel, composed of 2 elements, short cylindrical element which bears the apical ‘seta-like’ sensory element. Th orax: Yellow and brown, silver pruinose; antepronotum, postpronotum and median postpronotal lobes silver pruinose; lateral postpronotal lobes apruinose, light yellow; scutum brown, 2 yellow longitudinal stripes lateral to midline, neither reaching anterior nor posterior margin, predominantly apruinose, lateral and posterior margins silver pruinose; presutural dc setae: 6 short, postsutural dc setae: 1 long, 2 shorter posteriorly oriented, 5–6 short anteriorly oriented, 3–4 short acr setae, 1 npl and 1 spa seta; anepisternum dorsally yellow, ventrally brown, silver pruinose, few yellow anepisternal 8setae on anterior and dorsal margins; anepimeron brown, silver pruinose, proepimeron silver pruinose, katepisternum dorsally yellow, ventrally brown, mostly silver pruinose but with central apruinose spot, meron+metanepisternum anteriorly brown, posteriorly yellow, medially apruinose, metkatepisternum brown, silver pruinose; scutellum brown, brown pruinose, 5–7 apical scutellar setae; Legs: light yellow to brown; pro and met coxae light yellow, mes coxa brown; trochanters light yellow, met trochanter light brown ventrally; pro and mes femora light yellow proximally and distally, brown otherwise with 1 median transverse yellow band, met femur proximally light yellow, distal half clubbed and brown, proximal and distal part of club yellow, scattered brown setae on pro and mes femora, met femur with distinct rows of brown macrosetae; pro and mes tibiae light brown with median light yellow transverse band, met tibia brown with median yellow transverse band, 2 times wider than width of tibia, all tibiae with brown erect macrosetae in rows, pro and mes tibiae with 2 long apical macrosetae, met tibia with 2 median sub-apical macrosetae; tarsus light yellow to light brown, proximal tarsomere always longer than two following tarsomeres combined, short and long macrosetae on all tarsomeres; all empodia minute; median claw more than half as long as lateral claw; Wings: length = 3.8–4.8 mm; microtrichia densely arranged in distal cells, trichoid spicules very short, dense, not symmetrical dorsally and ventrally, 40–50 on M 1 between r-m and diversion of M 1 and M 2; cell d large, terminating in M1, M2 and M3, r-m situated at separation of M3 and CuA1; R1 reaching C well proximal to R5 and M1 joining C, R2+3 more or less straight throughout, but posterior-most point at separation of R 4 and R 5; halter light yellow, knob dark brown, length = 0.72–0.88 mm. Abdomen: Brown, T3-6 yellow posteriorly; T2 length = 1.7–1.8 mm, T2–8 with irregularly spaced macrosetae, T7–8 without lateral sensory areas; Male terminalia ( Figs 13–15): epandrial halves separated medially and only joining proximally, distal tip straight, pointed; gonocoxite and hypandrium fused to form a gonocoxitehypandrial complex, which is partly fused to epandrium proximally, but distinct suture discernible; Aedeagus: protruding slightly from hypopygium, prong tubular; Female genitalia: spermathecae occupying segments 7–8, individual spermathecal ducts more or less straight; spermathecal reservoirs clearly sclerotized and wider than ducts, loosely intertwined and not forming a coil.   Type material. The ♂ holotypeis labeled “ MADAGASCAR: Province Fianarantsoa, near Isalo National Park, in dry wash east of Interpretive Center  28 March – 9 April 2003 22°37.60’S, 45°21.49’Ecollector: R. Harin’HalaCalifornia Acad of Sciences malaise trap in open areaelev  885 m, MA-02-11B-60 / HOLOTYPE Schildia adina sp.n.det. T. Dikow& K. Bayless2007 (red label)” ( CAS, #18438) the specimen is in good condition and double mounted (minuten in silicone).  Two ♀ paratypesare labeled: “ MADAGASCAR: Tulear Province, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, el.  37 m, 22°54.80’S, 43°28.93’E,  6–16 January 2002collector: R. Harin’HalaCalifornia Acad of Sciences malaise trap, spiny forestMA-02-18B-09 / PARATYPE Schildia adina sp.n.det. T. Dikow& K. Bayless2007 (yellow label)” ( CAS). The specimens are in good condition (one specimen with head attached to pin) and are double mounted (minuten in silicone). A ♀ paratypeis labeled: “ MADAGASCAR: Tulear Province, Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Parcelle I near research station  2–9 January 2002 23°41.19’S, 44°35.46’ECalifornia Acad of Sciences coll: R. Harin’Hala malaise trapin dry deciduous forestelev  165 m, MA-02-14A-09 / PARATYPE Schildia adina sp.n.det. T. Dikow& K. Bayless2007 (yellow label)” ( CAS). The specimen is in good condition and is double mounted (minuten in silicone). Another ♀ paratypeis labeled: “ MADAGASCAR: Tulear Province, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, el.  30 m, 22°54.22’S, 43°28.53’E,  28–30 October 2002collector: R. Harin’HalaCalifornia Acad of Sciences malaise trap - in deciduous dry forestMA-02-18A-38 / PARATYPE Schildia adina sp.n.det. T. Dikow& K. Bayless2007 (yellow label)” ( CAS). The specimen is in good condition and is double mounted (minuten in silicone).  Specimens. Malagasy Copal: 3♀ 1♂( Coll. Hoffeins);  1♀( AMNH);  1♀ 1♂(additional inclusions: 14 workersof Tetraponera cf. sahlbergii (Forel, 1887) Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae) ( Coll. Stark);  1♀( Coll. Stuke).  Distribution. Madagascar ( Fig. 1). Biodiversity hotspot/high-biodiversity wilderness area: Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands/–.  Remarks. Only Schildiaknown from the Afrotropical region ( Fig. 1). Schildia adina sp.n.was the only species of Leptogastrinaefound in the Malagasy copal specimens examined by the authors ( Fig. 11). Extant specimens have been caught in malaise traps. See Discussion for comments on the generic placement of this species. 2825516318 in open area 2003-03-28 2003-04-09 2003-03-28 malaise trap CAS R. Harin'Hala Madagascar T. Dikow & K. Bayless 885 -22.626667 near Isalo National Park, in dry wash east of Interpretive Center 12 45.358166 10 263 1 1 Fianarantsoa holotype 2825516336 spiny forest 2002-01-06 2002-01-16 2002-01-06 malaise trap CAS R. Harin'Hala Madagascar T. Dikow & K. Bayless 37 -22.913334 Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo 12 43.482166 10 263 1 1 Tulear Province paratype 2825516342 dry deciduous forest 2002-01-02 2002-01-09 2002-01-02 malaise trap CAS R. Harin'Hala Madagascar T. Dikow & K. Bayless 165 -23.6865 Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Parcelle I near research station 12 44.591 10 263 1 1 Tulear Province paratype 2825516310 deciduous dry forest 2002-10-28 2002-10-30 2002-10-28 CAS R. Harin'Hala Madagascar T. Dikow & K. Bayless 30 -22.903667 Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo 12 43.4755 Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo 10 263 1 1 Tulear Province paratype 2825516311 [150,747,149,175] Coll. Hoffeins Madagascar Malagasy Copal 11 264 4 3 1 Malagasy 2825516334 [759,917,149,175] AMNH Madagascar 11 264 1 1 Malagasy 2825516305 Coll. Stark Madagascar 11 264 2 1 1 Malagasy 2825516339 [654,848,218,244] Coll. Stuke Madagascar 11 264 1 1 Malagasy