Leona L. maracanda (Hewitson) L. leonora Zingiberaceae L. stoehri (Karsch) Amomum Aframomum L. halma Evans Amomum Aframomum L. halma L. stoehri L. lissa Dracaena Leona Leona L. maracanda (Cock et al . 2014) Semalea Xanthodisca Hypoleucis Caenides Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis Cock, Matthew J. W. Congdon, T. Colin E. Collins, Steve C. Zootaxa 2016 4066 3 201 247 92D38 Evans, 1937 Evans 1937 [151,385,1898,1925] Insecta Hesperiidae Leona Animalia Lepidoptera 23 224 Arthropoda genus   Lindsey & Miller (1965)and Ackery et al. (1995)treated  Leonaas a synonym of  Caenides, but Larsen (2005)treated it as a valid genus. Based on the male genitalia (uncus pointed in  Caenidesand bifid in  Leona) and some external characters they do seem to divide into these two groups, apart from  L. lissaEvanswhich feeds on  Dracaenaspp. (Cock et al. 2015) and  L. luehderi(Plötz)for which the food plants are unknown; these two species may require a separate genus (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2015).    Leonagroup (1) includes  L. maracanda(Hewitson), a palm-feeding species treated in Cock et al. (2014) and three species of unknown biology. The biology of  L. leonora, the only species in group (2) is unknown, although Heath et al. (2002)suggest its food plant is possibly Zingiberaceae. Of the seven species in group (3),  L. stoehri(Karsch)is reported to feed on  Amomumsp. (likely to refer to  Aframomumsp.) in Uganda( Le Pelley 1959, Sevastopulo 1975),  L. halmaEvansis reported to feed on  Amomumsp. ( Kielland 1990) or  Aframomumsp. ( Heath et al. 2002, Larsen 2005, Vande weghe 2010) (but this may be carried over from when  L. halmawas treated as a ssp. of  L. stoehri), and  L. lissafeeds on  Dracaenasp(p). (Cock et al. 2015), while the biology of the other four species is unknown. Given that there has been some taxonomic confusion within group (3) as well as in the food plant names used, confirmation of these food plants is desirable. Based on the food plants alone, one might anticipate that  Leonaas presently constituted is paraphyletic. Unfortunately we have no information on the early stages of any  Leonaspp. apart from  L. maracanda(Cock et al. 2014)so cannot comment further, or on whether the Zingiberaceae-feeding species show affinities with the Zingiberaceae- and Costaceae-feeding  Semalea,  Xanthodisca,  Hypoleucisand  Caenidesspp.