A taxonomic revision of the South American species of Pseudocanthon Bates, 1887 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini) Nazaré-Silva, Everton E. Silva, Fernando A. B. Zootaxa 2021 2021-08-30 5027 1 61 86 8NCCB Nazare-Silva & Silva Nazare-Silva & Silva 2021 [151,763,388,416] Insecta Scarabaeidae Pseudocanthon Animalia Coleoptera 15 76 Arthropoda species pantanensis sp. nov.  ( Figs. 2D, 2G, 3E, 4D, 5E, 6E, 7B)  urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0A482135-A418-45E6-81E6-AA88A8B62102   Etymology. The specific name is the Latinization of the Portuguese demonym “pantaneiro”, which refers to the inhabitants of the Pantanal wetlands, the place where this species has been recorded. It should be treated as a Latin third-declension adjective in the nominative case.   Diagnosis.  Pseudocanthon pantanensisis similar to  P. chaquensisin having the pronotum with dense granulate microsculpture, well impressed at central portion ( Fig. 2A); eighth stria of elytra extending across the basal half of the elytra, with shallow carina at basal portion ( Fig. 2D); and posterior edge of metafemur lightly angulate at basal third, expanded towards the abdominal ventrites ( Fig. 4D–E). However,  P. pantanensiscan be easily distinguished by its metallic green pygidium, with an orange band at posterior edge ( Fig. 2G); parameres curved and pointed apically ( Fig. 5E); frontolateral peripheral (FLP) endophallite sinuous, inferior portion rounded ( Fig. 6E); accessory endophallite (AE) absent ( Fig. 6E). In  P. chaquensis, the pygidium is completely orange ( Fig. 2H); the parameres are truncate at apex, with small obtuse projection at ventral edge ( Fig. 5F); the frontolateral peripheral endophallite is elongate and bifurcate at inferior portion ( Fig. 6F); and accessory endophallite is present, being small and elongate ( Fig. 6F).   Description.  Holotype. Length. 4.1 mm. Width. 2.5 mm. Colour. Surface of body black with metallic green reflections; legs orange; orange spot on clypeus and on last abdominal ventrite. Surface punctation and sculpturing. In general, surface punctation consists of foveolate punctures. Surface of head, mesoventrite, metaventrite, elytra, abdomen, tibiae, and femora with dense and well-impressed granulate microsculpture; lateral edges and anterior angle of pronotum, hypomera, lateral edges, and anterior portion of metaventrite, mesepimeron, metanepisternum, epipleuron, tibiae, and femora with imbricate microsculpture. Pronotum with dense and well-impressed granulate microsculpture centrally ( Fig. 2A). Elytra. Eighth elytral stria extending across the basal half of the elytra, with shallow carina at basal portion ( Fig. 2D). Legs. Posterior edge of metafemur lightly angulate at basal third, expanded towards at abdominal ventrites ( Fig. 4D). Abdomen. Metallic green pygidium, with an orange band at posterior edge ( Fig. 2G) Tegmen. Apex of parameres curved and pointed ( Fig. 5E). Endophallus. Frontolateral peripheral (FLP) endophallite sinuous, inferior portion rounded ( Fig. 6E); acessory endophallite (AE) absent ( Fig. 6E).   Type material.  31♀and 38♂.  Holotype. BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO: Poconé, Pantanal, [ 17°50.73’S; 57°24.17’W],  15.XI.2011, pitfallwith human feces, J. Silva—  1♂( CEMT).  Paratypes. BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO: Poconé, Pantanal, [ 17°50.73’S; 57°24.17’W],  15.XI.2011, pitfallwith human feces, J. Silva—  1♂( MZUFPA); Poconé, Pantanal, [ 17°50.73’S; 57°24.17’W],  15.XI.2011, pitfallwith human feces, J. Silva—  29♀ 36♂( CEMT); MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Corumbá, Passo da Lontra, [ 19°34’32.91’’S; 57°01’36.2’’W],  93 m,  II.1996, J. Louzada& F. Vaz-de-Mello—  1♀( CEMT); Corumbá, Passo da Lontra, [ 19°34’32.91’’S; 57°01’36.2’’W],  93 m, [no date], V. Lopes—  1♀( CEMT).   Distribution. Known from Brazil( Mato Grossoand Mato Grosso do Sul) ( Fig. 7B). Areas of endemism [South America]: Brazilian subregion: South Brazilian dominion: Rondônia province. Chacoan subregion: Chacoan dominion: Chaco province (see Morrone 2014: fig. 12). 2011-11-15 J. Silva Brazil -17.8455 Pantanal 13 -57.402832 Pocone 15 76 69 31 38 Mato Grosso holotype 2011-11-15 CEMT J. Silva Brazil -17.8455 Pantanal 13 -57.402832 Pocone 15 76 1 1 Mato Grosso paratype 2011-11-15 MZUFPA J. Silva Brazil -17.8455 Pantanal 13 -57.402832 Pocone 15 76 1 1 Mato Grosso paratype 1996-02 CEMT J. Louzada & F. Vaz-de-Mello Brazil 93 -19.57581 Passo da Lontra 1 -57.026722 Corumba 15 76 65 29 36 Mato Grosso do Sul paratype CEMT V. Lopes Brazil 93 -19.57581 Passo da Lontra 1 -57.026722 Corumba 15 76 1 1 Mato Grosso do Sul paratype [290,420,1555,1581] CEMT Brazil 15 76 1 1 Mato Grosso do Sul paratype