An integrative systematic revision of the wishbone spiders (Araneae: Anamidae: Aname L. Koch, 1873) of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, with the description of 55 new species Wilson, Jeremy D. Harvey, Mark S. Simmons, Leigh W. Rix, Michael G. European Journal of Taxonomy 2025 2025-04-02 985 1 298 Wilson & Harvey & Simmons & Rix 2025 [644,846,1711,1738] Arachnida Anamidae Aname Animalia Araneae 64 65 Arthropoda species mulgana sp. nov.   urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CA4B69C0-64CD-4DCC-9F61-AC2C8B309D2C  Figs 1, 7, 44–45    Diagnosis Males of  A. mulgana sp. nov.can be distinguished from all species for which males are known except  A. aurensis sp. nov.,  A. briggsi sp. nov.,  A. eddieorum sp. nov.,  A. hughenden sp. nov.,  A. longitheca,  A. rupicola sp. nov., and  A. warrego sp. nov.by a moderate to large body size (carapace length> 4.0 mm), the presence of a long embolus (embolus length / bulb length>1.5) that has a relatively wide basal section tapering into an attenuate, sinuous distal section after about 0.4 of length, and the absence of a prominent sharp heel on metatarsus I (as in the  pallida-complex) ( Fig. 44L–M). Males of  A. mulganacan be distinguished from those of  A. eddieorum,  A. longitheca, and  A. warregoby the presence of a tibia I that widens from the proximal end to the base of the tibial spur when in lateral view ( Fig. 44P; cf. Figs 39, 42, 48). Males of  A. mulganacan be distinguished from those of  A. aurensisand  A. rupicolaby the presence of a longer embolus (embolus length /bulb length>2.5) ( Fig. 44L–M; cf. Figs 34, 46). Males of  A. mulganacan be distinguished from those of  A. hughendenby the presence of a more strongly curving embolus ( Fig. 44L–M; cf. Fig. 41). Males of  A. mulganacan be distinguished from those of  A. briggsiby the presence of a shorter distal pad and longer proximal excavation on metatarsus I (excavation length / metatarsus length ~0.43; cf. ~ 0.36 in  A. briggsi) ( Fig. 44Q; cf. Fig. 36). Females of  A. mulgana sp. nov.can be distinguished from all species for which females are known except  A. aurensis sp. nov.,  A. briggsi sp. nov.,  A. camara,  A. dingo sp. nov.,  A. eddieorum sp. nov.,  A. longitheca, and  A. rupicola sp. nov.by the presence of spermathecae with two vesicles, with relatively long and straight lateral vesicles (lateral vesicle length / genitalia width>0.25) and long medial vesicles (medial vesicle length / lateral vesicle length> 1) that project medially or posteromedially, before undulating anteriorly ( Fig. 45L). Females of  A. mulganacan be distinguished from those of  A. aurensis,  A. briggsi,  A. dingo,  A. longitheca, and  A. rupicolaby the presence of spermathecae with lateral vesicles terminating in relatively wide ends ( Fig. 45L; cf. Figs 35, 37, 38, 43, 47). Females of  A. mulganacan be distinguished from those of  A. camaraby the presence of a darker body colouration and spermathecae with longer vesicles (lateral vesicle length /genitalia width>0.35) with less widely-spaced crowns (distance between crowns less than length of lateral vesicles) ( Fig. 45A–L; cf. Fig. 107). Females of  A. mulganacan be distinguished from those of  A. eddieorumby the absence of bald patches on the sternum, lateral of the sigilla, and the presence of thorn-like setae around the anterior edges of the sternum, and more angular medio-ventral corners of the coxae ( Fig. 45G–I; cf. Fig. 40).    Etymology The specific epithet ‘ mulgana’ is an adjective formed from ‘Mulga’, the common name of  Acacia aneura, and the suffix ‘-ana’ signifying an association, referencing its occurrence in the Mulga Lands bioregion of central-southern Queenslandand north-western New South Wales.    Type material    Holotype  AUSTRALIA–  Queensland• ♂; Charleville; 26°23′ S, 146°08′ E;  Oct. 1978; R.C. Turnbullleg.; QMB S9769.    Paratypes  AUSTRALIA–  Queensland• 1 ♂; Morven, “Ovida”; 26°29′ S, 146°49′ E;  21 Dec. 1991; M.N. Goodyearleg.; QMBS20267 •  1 ♂; Dunkeld, via Mitchell; 27°10′ S, 147°44′ E;  2 Nov. 1991; A. Suttonleg.; QMBS25559.   Other material examined   AUSTRALIA–  Queensland• 1 ♀; Thrushton National Park, near Thrushton Homesteadcamping area; 27°44′ S, 147°42′ E;  219 ma.s.l.;  19 Oct. 2021; E.J. Briggsleg.; QMB S118217•  1 ♂; Markarene Station,  30 milesNof Cunnamulla/ Bollon Road; 27°46′ S, 146°31′ E;  6 Oct. 1984; C. Hembrowleg.; open dry eucalypt at base of sand ridge; QMB S9474•  1 ♂; Saint George, Wagoo Road; 27°54′ S, 148°38′ E;  10 Nov. 2001; D. Jenkinsleg.; QMBS60387•  1 ♂; Dirranbandi; 28°16′ S, 147°29′ E;  18 Oct. 1982; S. Fergusonleg.; QMB S9399. –   New South Wales• 1 ♂; Angledool; 29°07′ S, 147°54′ E;  23 Nov. 2001; hand collected, under fibro sheet; AMS KS77357•  1 ♂; Wilganea Station,  90 kmNEof Bourke; 29°21′ S, 146°17′ E; L. Gibsonleg.; AMS KS37161•  1 ♂; Beleuah Station,  90 kmNEof Bourke; 29°21′ S, 146°14′ E;  14 Oct. 1993; L. Gibsonleg.; pitfall trap; AMS KS37162•  1 ♂; Collarenebri, on farmland; 29°25′ S, 148°15′ E;  29 Nov.–3 Dec. 2013; R.C. Santana, I. Armiachand K. Bockleg.; QMBS29116•  2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Lightning Ridge; 29°26′ S, 147°59′ E;  16 Dec. 1991; M. Taylorleg.; AMS KS30687•  1 ♀; Walgett, “ Morendah”; 29°31′ S, 147°34′ E;  17 Oct. 1982; T. Remondleg.; AMS KS10434•  1 ♂; Walgett, “ Barfield”; 29°48′ S, 147°38′ E;  15 Oct. 1985; T.S. Willisleg.; AMS KS16028•  1 ♀; Walgett, “ Remington”; 29°52′ S, 147°32′ E;  Mar. 1982; B. Forsterleg.; AMS KS8919•  1 ♂; Walgett; 29°59′ S, 148°04′ E; AMS KS45847•  1 ♂; Walgett; 30°01′ S, 148°07′ E;  23 Nov. 1988; S. Remondleg.; AMS KS19939.    Description  Male( holotype, QMB S9769)  GENERAL( Fig. 44A–Q). Body length 22.81, in good condition, colour presumably faded due to preservation.  DORSAL PROSOMA( Fig. 44A, E–F). Carapace length 7.78, width 7.13, length/width 1.09, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.70, caput width/carapace width 0.72, carapace red, reflective setae present, heavy on caput, moderate on thorax, fovea procurved, fovea width/carapace length 0.16 ( Fig. 44A, F); chelicerae red-brown, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.74 ( Fig. 44A); eye group rectangular, width/length 2.11, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 44E).  ABDOMEN( Fig. 44B, D). Abdomen length 8.75, grey-brown, dorsal pattern absent, with some evidence of reflective setae on anterior portion.  VENTRAL PROSOMA( Fig. 44C, G–I). Labium cuspules absent ( Fig. 44H); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count =about 80, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 25% of maxillae length ( Fig. 44C, I); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 44C, I); sternum length/width 1.21, central sternum with consistent covering of moderate setae, row of longer setae around posterior edges, some shorter thorn-like setae around anterior edges ( Fig. 44G–H); posterior sigilla elongate, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.18, posterior sigilla length/ sternum length 0.19 ( Fig. 44G–H); other sigilla small and lateral, medial sigilla semi-elongate, anterior sigilla round ( Fig. 44G–H).  LEGI ( Fig. 44N–Q). Leg I orange-brown, lighter on distal metatarsus and tarsus, femur length 7.36, patella length 4.55, tibia length 4.86, metatarsus length 4.84, tarsus length 3.05, total length 24.66, leg I length/carapace length 3.17 ( Fig. 44N–O); scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus ( Fig. 44N–O); spine count Fe D 0, Fe PL 1, Pa PL 2, Ti PL 0, Ti RL 0, Me PL 0, Me RL 0, Ta 0 ( Fig. 44N–O); tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 2.75, widening from proximal end to spur before narrowing again towards distal end, spur present, digitiform, knuckle present, megaspine angled at 8 degrees, length to distal face of spur/tibia length [TIS/TIL] 0.41, spur height/tibia width [TISH/TID] 0.47, megaspine length/tibia length 0.21 ( Fig. 44N–P); metatarsus slightly sinuous, proximal excavation present, excavation concave with pronounced heel, heel broadly rounded, excavation length/metatarsus length [MIPEL/MIL] 0.43, metatarsus length/width [MIL/MID] 4.34 ( Fig. 44N–O, Q).  PEDIPALP( Fig. 44J–M). Tibia length 3.94, width 1.28, length/width [PTL/PTD] 3.09, asetose depression present, depression length/palp tibia length [PDL/PTL] 0.60, retrolateral face with consistent covering of light setae, ventral face with two elongate bristle-like setae below depression, prolateral face with two disto-ventral spines, disto-medial spine absent ( Fig. 44J–K); patella prolateral face with 2 spines ( Fig. 44J–K); cymbium with scopulae present distally ( Fig. 44J–K); copulatory organ total length 2.33, length/palp tibia length 0.59 ( Fig. 44L–M); bulb length/width 0.80 ( Fig. 44L–M); embolus tapering from bulb, attenuate, with wide base tapering about halfway along into attenuate apical section, one slight bend, at about 0.4 of length, slight bend before tip, width at base/bulb width 0.29, embolus length/ bulb length 2.68 ( Fig. 44L–M).  Female(QMB S118217)  GENERAL( Fig. 45A–L). Body length 21.77, in good condition.  DORSAL PROSOMA( Fig. 45A, E–F). Carapace length 9.52, width 7.52, length/width 1.27, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.72, caput width/carapace width 0.79, carapace orange, caput slightly darker than thorax and clypeus darker again, reflective setae present, moderate on caput, light on thorax, fovea procurved, fovea width/carapace length 0.16 ( Fig. 45A, F); chelicerae dark red-brown, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.40 ( Fig. 45A); eye group rectangular, width/ length 1.86, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 45E).  ABDOMEN( Fig. 45B, D). Abdomen length 8.84, dark grey, dorsal pattern absent, with consistent cover of short setae.  VENTRAL PROSOMA( Fig. 45C, G–I). Labium cuspules present, count =1 ( Fig. 45H); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count = about 173, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 40% of maxillae length ( Fig. 45C, I); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 45C, I); sternum length/width 1.24, central sternum with consistent covering of moderate setae, row of longer setae around posterior edges, some shorter thorn-like setae around anterior edges ( Fig. 45G–H); posterior sigilla elongate, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.21, posterior sigilla length/ sternum length 0.23 ( Fig. 45G–H); other sigilla small and lateral, medial sigilla semi-elongate, anterior sigilla round ( Fig. 45G–H).  LEGI ( Fig. 45J–K). Leg I orange, darker on metatarsus and tarsus, femur length 6.87, patella length 4.45, tibia length 4.77, metatarsus length 4.46, tarsus length 2.77, total length 23.32, leg I length/carapace length 2.45; scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus; spine count Fe D 1, Fe PL 1, Pa PL 2, Ti PL 2, Ti RL 4, Me PL 2, Me RL 3, Ta 0; tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 3.15.  GENITALIA( Fig. 45D, L). Epigastric furrow unmodified ( Fig. 45D); spermathecae with two vesicles each ( Fig. 45L); lateral vesicle relatively straight, length 0.97, lateral vesicle length/genitalia width 0.39, length/width at base 1.74, crown un-demarcated ( Fig. 45L); medial vesicle with distinct basal section angled medially, before undulating towards anterior, medial vesicle length/genitalia width 0.54, length/ width 5.25, medial vesicle length/lateral vesicle length 1.37 ( Fig. 45L).    Distribution and natural history   Aname mulgana sp. nov.has a widespread distribution in central-southern Queenslandand central-northern New South Wales, in the Mulga Lands and Darling Riverine Plains bioregions. It extends from Walgett in the south to Charleville in the north, and from Charleville in the west to St George in the east ( Fig. 7). The form of burrows constructed by spiders of this species is unknown, but is likely to be similar to that of other  eddieorum-complex species ( Fig. 7). 5106333697 1978-10 QMB R. C. Turnbull Australia -26.383333 Charleville 1242 146.13333 65 66 S9769 1 1 Queensland holotype 5106333574 S20267 1991-12-21 QMB M. N. Goodyear Australia -26.483334 Morven 1241 146.81667 65 66 1 1 Queensland paratype 5106333652 S25559 1991-11-02 QMB A. Sutton Australia -27.166666 Mitchell 1238 147.73334 Dunkeld 65 66 1 1 Queensland paratype 5106333670 2021-10-19 QMB E. J. Briggs Australia 219 -27.733334 Thrushton National Park 1235 147.7 Thrushton Homestead 65 66 S118217 1 1 Queensland 5106333807 1984-10-06 QMB C. Hembrow Australia -27.766666 Markarene Station 1235 146.51666 Cunnamulla 65 66 S9474 1 1 Queensland 5106333607 S60387 2001-11-10 QMB D. Jenkins Australia -27.9 Wagoo Road 1234 148.63333 Saint George 65 66 1 1 Queensland 5106333821 1982-10-18 QMB S. Ferguson Australia -28.266666 Dirranbandi 1233 147.48334 65 66 S9399 1 1 Queensland 5106333323 2001-11-23 hand collected AMS Australia -29.116667 Angledool 1228 147.9 65 66 KS77357 1 1 New South Wales 5106333815 AMS L. Gibson Australia -29.35 Wilganea Station 1227 146.28334 Bourke 65 66 KS37161 1 1 New South Wales 5106333742 1993-10-14 pitfall trap AMS L. Gibson Australia 66 67 -29.35 Beleuah Station 1227 146.23334 Bourke 65 66 KS37162 1 1 New South Wales 5106333423 S29116 2013-11-29 2013-12-03 2013-11-29 QMB R. C. Santana & I. Armiach & K. Bock Australia -29.416666 Collarenebri 1227 148.25 66 67 1 1 New South Wales 5106333643 1991-12-16 AMS M. Taylor Australia -29.433332 Lightning Ridge 1227 147.98334 66 67 KS30687 3 1 2 New South Wales 5106333776 1982-10-17 AMS T. Remond Australia -29.516666 Morendah 1226 147.56667 Walgett 66 67 KS10434 1 1 New South Wales 5106333546 1985-10-15 AMS T. S. Willis Australia -29.8 Barfield 1225 147.63333 Walgett 66 67 KS16028 1 1 New South Wales 5106333569 [323,1382,443,471] 1982-03 AMS B. Forster Australia -29.866667 Remington 1224 147.53334 Walgett 66 67 KS8919 1 1 New South Wales 5106333816 [189,787,478,507] AMS Australia -29.983334 Walgett 1224 148.06667 66 67 KS45847 1 1 New South Wales 5106333703 1988-11-23 AMS S. Remond Australia -30.016666 Walgett 1224 148.11667 66 67 KS19939 1 1 New South Wales