Thraulus convexus Spieth 1943:10 Homothraulus convexus Traver 1960: 73 Hubbard 1982: 265 Hermanella sp. 2 Demoulin 1966:12 Paramaka convexa Savage and Domínguez 1992:244 Sartori, 2005: 237 Domínguez et al. , 2006: 463 Domínguez et al. , 2014: 308 Costa et al. , 2018: 4 Nascimento et al. , 2020: 584 A review of Paramaka Savage & Peters, 1992 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) with the description of two new species Salles, F. F. Domínguez, E. Mariano, R. Boldrini, R. Clavier, S. Lima, L. R. C. Zootaxa 2025 2025-02-24 5590 3 401 421  Domínguez et al. , 2014: 308   Nascimento et al. , 2020: 584  4D297 (Spieth, 1943) Spieth 1943 [151,563,402,429] Insecta Leptophlebiidae Paramaka Animalia Ephemeroptera 3 404 Arthropoda species convexa  ( Figures 2B–E)      Thraulus convexus Spieth 1943:10.    Homothraulus convexus;  Traver 1960: 73;  Hubbard 1982: 265.    Hermanellasp. 2.  Demoulin 1966:12.    Paramaka convexa;  Savage and Domínguez 1992:244; Blanco-Belmonte et al., 2003: 119;  Sartori, 2005: 237;  Domínguez et al., 2006: 463; Shimano et al., 2011: 250;  Domínguez et al., 2014: 308;  Costa et al., 2018: 4;  Nascimento et al., 2020: 584; Orlando et al., 2021: 45; Salles et al.2021:157;  Lima et al.2023: 2; Faria et al.2023: 5.   Diagnoses.Nymphs: 1) medial projection on distal margin of clypeus absent ( Fig. 2B); 2) tarsal claw with subapical denticle present; 3) middle and hind femora with dorsal surface with scarce spine-like setae, more restricted to fore and hind margins ( Fig. 2C); 4) hind tibia with a brownish subapical band covering ¼ of the length of hind tibia; 5) pointed projection of gills variable, but generally present on dorsal lamella of gills III–VI; 6) posterolateral projections present on segments VIII and IX. Male imago: 1) abdominal color pattern contrasting (segments I and VII to X darker, II to VI translucent white) ( Fig. 2D); 2) base of penis lobe wider than apex ( Fig. 2E); 3) medial projection of styliger plate curved dorsally (apex inserted between the bases of the penis lobes); 4) telopenis base located at apical 1/2 of penis lobe; 5) telopenis well developed and sclerotized, apex acute and crossing each other medially.   Material examined.  BRAZIL, AMAPÁ, M.Amapá, RioAmapá Grande, Cachoeira, 02°09'43"N 50°55'17"W,  3 malt.,  07.viii.2011,A. Pes, P. Cruz, A. Fernandes, N. Hamadacols., 5 maleimagos ( UFVB).  BRAZIL, AMAZONAS, Apuí, Rio Juma, 07°11'17"S 59°54'31"W, Pennsylvania light trap,  20.i.2023, Abadia, Silvae Bezerracols., 5 maleimagos ( UFVB);  BRAZIL, MINAS GERAIS, Conselheiro Pena, 19°10'31"S, 41°26'46"W,  07–08.ix.2022, Viana, A.D.L., Bonfá, P., Ataide, A.cols., 28 adults( UFVB);  BRAZIL, MINAS GERAIS, Barra do Cuieté, 19°03'50"S, 41°31'50"W,  06–07.ix.2022, Viana, A.D.L., Bonfá, P., Ataide, A.cols., 2 adults( UFVB);  BRAZIL, MINAS GERAIS, Mathias Lobato, 18°34'24"S, 41°56'52"W,  05–06.ix.2022, Viana, A.D.L., Bonfá, P., Ataide, A.cols., 2 adults( UFVB);  BRAZIL, MINAS GERAIS, Tumiritinga, 18°58'08"S, 41°39'49"W,  07.i.2022, Viana, A.D.L., Bonfá, P., Rodrigues, P.& Rothe-Neves, M.cols., 3 adults( UFVB);  BRAZIL, MINAS GERAIS, Rio Doce, UHE Risoleta Neves, 20°12'29"S, 42°52'35"W,  13.i.2022, Viana, A.D.L., Bonfá, P., Rodrigues, P.& Rothe-Neves, M.cols., 1 adult( UFVB);  BRAZIL, MINAS GERAIS, Tumiritinga( MG),  18°58'08"S, 41°39'49"W,  07.i.2022, Viana, A,D,L. Bonfá, P,N. Rodrigues, P,J. Rothe-Neves, M.cols., 1 adult( UFVB);  BRAZIL, ESPIRITO SANTO, Baixo Guandu, 19°37'30"S, 41°01'08"W,  09–10.ix.2022, Viana, A.D.L., Bonfá, P., Ataide, A.cols., 9 adults( UFVB).  BRAZIL, PIAUÍ, Castelodo Piauí, Rio Poti, 05°11'17"S 41°42'34"W,  177 malt., light trap,  12.iii.2016, L.R.C. Limacol., 1 maleimago ( CEHJ);  BRAZIL, PIAUÍ, Coivaras, Cachoeira da Campeira, 05°26'12"S 41°37'49"W,  150 malt., light trap,  04.iii.2017, L.R.C. Limaand J.A.O. Rodriguescols., 5 maleimagos ( CEHJ);  BRAZIL, PIAUÍ, Castelodo Piauí, Riacho Cais, 05°11'45"S 42°15'34"W,  389malt., light trap,  09.vi.2023, L.R.C. Lima, A.S. Carvalho, A.P.J. Fariacols., 13 maleimagos ( CEHJ).  FRENCH GUIANA, Sinnamary River, Saut Takari Tanté( V. Horeau),  28.x.1992, 3 nymphs ( MZL).   Distribution. BRAZIL( Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Piauí, Roraima, and Tocantins), FRENCH GUIANA, SURINAME, and VENEZUELA.   Comments.  Paramaka convexais the most widespread species of the genus, with records ranging from northern Venezuelato Southeastern Brazil( Fig. 1). The species has also been recorded from several locations in Mato Grossoby Shimano et al.(2011). These records were all based on nymphs, at a time when only two species were known— one with medial projection on the distal margin of the clypeus (  P. antonii) and another without (  P. convexa). Soon after that, Mariano (2011)described  P. pearljamfrom Mato Grosso, another species lacking a medial projection, from a locality within the distribution reported by Shimano et al.(2011). Given the incomplete knowledge of the nymphal stage of some species of  Paramaka, we are refraining from assigning Shimano’s et al.(2011) records in the distributional map shown in Figure 1.   FIGURE 2.  Paramakaspp., nymph and imago: A) head of  P. antonii(paratype); B) head of  P. convexafrom French Guiana; C) hind leg of  P. convexafrom French Guiana; D) genitalia of  P. convexafrom Amazonas, Brazil, ventral view; E) abdomen of male imago of  P. convexafrom Amapá, Brazil, dorsal view. The male imago can be distinguished from the other species of the genus based on abdominal color pattern and details of genitalia ( Figs.4and 5).As in  P.incognitaand  P.takari  sp. nov.,this species exhibits a contrasting abdominal color pattern, with segment I dark, segments II to VI translucent white, and segments VII to X orangish brown. In  P. convexa, however,there is a dark purple stripe at the posterior margin of segments II to IX.Due to the presence of a short posteromedial projection on the styliger plate and the development of the telopenes,  P.convexais similar to  P.lucimarae  sp. nov.and  P.incognita.In  P.convexathe base of the telopenis is located at apical 1/2of penis lobe (located at apical ⅔ in  P.lucimarae  sp. nov.and  P.incognita) and the acute medial projection of the styliger plate is longer dorsally oriented, reaching the base of the penis lobes (medial projection shorter and not curved in  P. lucimarae  sp. nov.and  P.incognita). 5074294313 2011-08-07 UFVB Pes & P. Cruz & A. Fernandes & N. Hamada Brazil Rio 3 2.1619446 Cachoeira 21 -50.92139 Grande 3 404 5 5 Amapa 5074294333 2023-01-20 UFVB Abadia & Silva & Bezerra Brazil -7.1880555 Rio Juma 21 -59.90861 Apui 3 404 5 5 5074294317 2022-09-07 2022-09-08 2022-09-07 UFVB Viana, A. D. L. & Bonfa, P. & Ataide, A. Brazil -19.175278 Conselheiro Pena 21 -41.446114 3 404 28 28 Minas Gerais 5074294325 2022-09-06 2022-09-07 2022-09-06 UFVB Viana, A. D. L. & Bonfa, P. & Ataide, A. Brazil -19.063889 Barra do Cuiete 21 -41.530556 3 404 2 2 Minas Gerais 5074294303 2022-09-05 2022-09-06 2022-09-05 UFVB Viana, A. D. L. & Bonfa, P. & Ataide, A. Brazil -18.573334 Mathias Lobato 21 -41.94778 3 404 2 2 Minas Gerais 5074294312 2022-01-07 UFVB Viana, A. D. L. & Bonfa, P. & Rodrigues, P. & Rothe-Neves, M. Brazil -18.96889 Tumiritinga 21 -41.663612 3 404 3 3 Minas Gerais 5074294307 2022-01-13 UFVB Viana, A. D. L. & Bonfa, P. & Rodrigues, P. & Rothe-Neves, M. Brazil -20.208055 Risoleta Neves 21 -42.87639 Rio Doce 3 404 1 1 Minas Gerais 5074294342 [409,942,1415,1441] MG Tumiritinga Brazil MINAS GERAIS 3 404 1 Minas Gerais 5074294301 2022-01-07 UFVB Viana & A, D, L. Bonfa, P & Rodrigues & P, J. Rothe-Neves, M. Brazil -18.96889 21 -41.663612 3 404 1 1 Minas Gerais 5074294334 2022-09-09 2022-09-10 2022-09-09 UFVB Viana, A. D. L. & Bonfa, P. & Ataide, A. Brazil -19.625 Baixo Guandu 21 -41.01889 3 404 9 9 Espirito Santo 5074294330 2016-03-12 CEHJ L. R. C. Lima Brazil 177 -5.1880555 Rio Poti 21 -41.709446 Castelo 3 404 1 1 Piaui 5074294318 2017-03-04 CEHJ L. R. C. Lima & J. A. O. Rodrigues Brazil Coivaras 150 -5.436667 da Campeira 21 -41.630276 Cachoeira da Campeira 3 404 5 5 Piaui 5074294314 2023-06-09 CEHJ L. R. C. Lima & A. S. Carvalho & A. P. J. Faria Brazil 389 -5.195833 Riacho Cais 21 -42.259445 Castelo 3 404 13 13 Piaui 5074294329 1992-10-28 MZL V. Horeau French Guiana Saut Takari Tante Sinnamary River 3 404 1