A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae) Applequist, Wendy L. Schatz, George E. Adansonia 2016 2016-06-24 38 1 99 115 4VSFZ Appleq. & G.E.Schatz Appleq. & G. E. Schatz 2016 [179,659,1139,1166] Magnoliopsida Salicaceae Scolopia Plantae Malpighiales 4 103 Tracheophyta species delphinensis sp. nov.  ( Fig. 3)   Tree without spines; leaves drying pale green, narrowly elliptical, up to 8.6×  2.9 cm, with apex acute to somewhat cuspidate or rounded, base convex to cuneate, petiole 4-6(-8) mm; inflorescences 3-7-flowered; pedicels post-flowering 6-7 mm; sepals and petals glabrous except for minutely ciliolate margins; stamens very numerous, with connective 2 to 3 times longer than thecae.  TYPUS. —   Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, about  10 kmNNE of Fort- Dauphin(Tôlagnaro), Mandena region, 24°57’S, 47°02’E,  10 m,  14.VI.1991, post-fl.,  Zarucchiet al. 7618( holo-, MO[ MO4026737]!;  iso-, P!, TANn.v.). PARATYPES. —   Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, Préfecture de Tôlagnaro( Fort-Dauphin), Mandena, parcelles campement, 24°57’S, 47°00’E,  0-10 m,  17.IV.1989,  Dumetzet al. 685(MO, P, TAN n.v.).—  Fokontany Sainte Luce, Fort-Dauphin, 24°46’05”S, 47°10’20”E,  17.XII.2000, fr.,  Faliniainaet al. 30(MO, TEF n.v.).—  Préfecture de Taolagnaro( Fort-Dauphin), Canton Manambaro, Petriky Forest, due N of NE corner of Lake Andranany, NW of large dune at end of road, c.  11 kmWSW of Tôlagnaro, 25°03’S, 46°53’E,  0-10 m,  12.IV.1989,  Gereauet al. 3352(MO, P).—  Préfecture de Tôlagnaro( Fort-Dauphin), canton de Manambaro, Petriky Forest, c.  1.5 kmW oflarge dune near N shore of Lake Andranany, c.  12 kmWSW of Tôlagnaro, 25°03’S, 46°53’E,  0-10 m,  14.IV.1989, fr.,  Gereauet al. 3375(MO, P, TAN n.v.).—  St. Luce, proposed QIT Madagascar Mineralsilmenite mining conservation area, 24°46’42”S, 47°10’15”E, 0 m,  13.X.2000, fr.,  Hoffmannet al. 203(MO).— N of Fort Dauphin, Ste. Luceregion ( Manafiafy), 24°47’S, 47°10’E,  25 m,  19.X.1989, fr.,  McPhersonet al. 14157(MO, P, TAN n.v.).—  Fort Dauphin( Tôlagnaro) region, near area called Mandena, beyond QIT camp, 24°57’S, 47°00’E,  20 m,  4.XI.1989, fr.,  McPherson14372(MO, P, TAN n.v.).—  Forêtclassée, M 15, Ampasy, Tôlagnaro, 24°57’12”S, 47°00’09”E,  0-10 m,  30.IX.2000, fr.,  Rabenantoandroet al. 291(MO, P, TAN n.v.).—  Mandena, Ampasy, Tôlagnaro, 24°57’06”S, 47°00’06”E,  0-10 m,  18.XII.2000, fr.,  Rabenantoandroet al. 396(MO, P, TAN n.v.).—  Fivondronana Fort-Dauphin, firaisana Mahatalaky, fokontany Sainte Luce, forêt de Sainte Luce, parcelle S9 de la zone de conservation QMM. 24°46’15”S, 47°10’15”E,  4 m,  5.XI.2003, fr.,  Rabenantoandroet al. 1584(MO, P, TAN n.v.).—  Anosyregion, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Ambovo, forêt de Petriky, zone de conservation, 25°04’S, 46°51’E,  5 m,  20.III.2007, fr.,  Rabenantoandroet al. 1795( G, MO, P, TEFn.v.).— Same loc.,  5.IV.2007, fr.,  Rabenantoandroet al. 1799(MO, P, TEF n.v.).—  Préfecture de Tôlagnaro( Fort-Dauphin), forêt au NW de Ste. Luce, 24°46’S, 47°09’E,  10 m,  15-16.I.1990, fr.,  Rabevohitra2147(MO, P, TAN n.v.).—  Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Petriky, 25°03’43”S, 46°52’06”E,  8 m,  16.XI.2006, fr.,  Ramison73(MO, P, TEF n.v.)—  Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Ampasy Nahampoana, Mandena, forêt Mandena, M 16, 24°57’S, 47°00’E,  6.VII.2007, fr.,  Ramison& Armand320( G, K, MO, P, TEFn.v., USMS).—  Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Ambovo, forêt de Petriky, 25°04’S, 46°51’E,  30.XI.2007, fr.,  Ramisonet al. 475( G, K, MO, P, TEFn.v., USMS).—  Préfecturede Fort-Dauphin, forêt de Petriky, 25°04’S, 46°51’E,  0-10 m,  3.IX.2001, fr.,  Randriatafika289(MO, P, TAN, TEF n.v.).—  Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Petriky, 25°03’S, 46°53’E,  13.XI.2006, fr.,  Randriatafika742(MO, P, TEF n.v.)—  Fivondronana Fort-Dauphin, firaisana Manambaro, fokontany Petriky, 25°03’19”S, 46°51’55”E,  18.II.2004, fr.,  Randriatafika& Ramisy407(MO, TAN n.v.).—  Forêtde Petriky, Ambovo, Manambaro, Fort-Dauphin, 25°03’39”S, 46°52’09”E,  10 m,  17.VI.1999, post-fl.,  Randriatafikaet al. 74(MO, P, TAN n.v.).—  Fivondronana Fort-Dauphin, firaisana Manambaro, forêt de Petrikyentre le village d’Ambovo et de Loharano, 25°03’57”S, 46°51’18”E,  10 m,  11.II.2004, fr.,  Randriatafikaet al. 386(MO, TAN n.v.).— Village Iatovy, canton Fort-Dauphin, district Fort-Dauphin,  7.XII.1954, Réserves Naturelles 46-R-87(P). — Mandena, Fort-Dauphin,  7.III.1957, fl.,  Service Forestier2850(P).—  Fort-Dauphin,  17.IV.1951, fr.,  Service Forestier3360(P).  DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. —  Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov.is confined to the region around Fort-Dauphin in the extreme southeast; it occurs in littoral forest and humid coastal forest ( Fig. 4).  DESCRIPTION Tree to 12 m, dbh 22 cm, or less often a shrub; bark smooth; young twigs pale gray, glabrous. Leaves narrowly elliptical (to somewhat oblong, oblanceolate, or, in exceptional leaves, elliptical), (2.5-)4-7.5(-9.3) × (1-)1.4-2.9(-4.7) cm, persistent, drying pale green to olive (or pale greenish brown) on abaxial surface, green to gray-green or dull, usually greenish or grayish brown on adaxial surface; petiole 3-6(-8) mm, glabrous; apex acute to rounded (obtuse, cuspidate), base convex to cuneate, margins entire, both surfaces glabrous, venation pinnate with major secondary veins brochidodromous, the first pair arising above the base conspicuous, otherwise weak and poorly differentiated from intersecondary veins. Inflorescences single, (1-)3-8-flowered, 1.5-3(-3.5) cm long, not elongating in fruit, glabrous or minutely papillate; pedicels (5-)6-8.5(-10) mm, not elongating in fruit, glabrous (minutely papillate). Flowers 4-5-merous; sepals lanceolate to narrowly deltoid or deltoid, 1.2-1.8 mm, glabrous, margins ciliolate; petals ovate to deltoid or oblong, often slightly longer and broader than sepals, 1.5-1.8 mm, glabrous, margins ciliolate; receptacle pubescent; stamens probably>100, filaments c. 2.5 mm, anthers 0.6-0.8 mmwith thecae only c. 0.2 mm, connective exceeding them 2-3 times; ovary glabrous; style 3.5-5 mm; stigma shallowly lobed. Fruit globose to subglobose, often with persistent style, 9-12(-15) mm diameter, red (orange) at maturity; perianth in fruit mostly caducous and remains not accrescent; seeds 1-4, tan with a pale annulus at base, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid with apex obtuse and base truncate, 3.5-5.2 mm.  REMARKS Two collections of  Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov.were mentioned by Sleumer (1972a)under  S. orientalis, though they were kept separate from Toamasina specimens and noted to differ in having smaller leaves. The leaves of  S. delphinensis, sp. nov.are usually smaller and proportionately narrower than those of  S. orientalisas herein circumscribed, and have shorter petioles when they overlap in size; the inflorescences are also smaller. Another littoral species,  S. erythrocarpa, has relatively small leaves and occurs sympatrically with  S. delphinensis, sp. nov.at two localities;  S. erythrocarpahas obovate to oblanceolate leaves with usually rounded apices, much shorter pedicels (to 3 mmin fruit), and fewer than 40 stamens.  ETHNOBOTANY The wood of  Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov.is used to make boards ( Réserves Naturelles 46-R-87).  VERNACULAR NAMES Lampivahatra ( Service Forestier 2850, 3360); Lapivahatra ( Réserves Naturelles 46-R-87[Antanosy dialect]); Menahihy ( Ramison et al. 475); Zora ( Rabenantoandro et al. 396, 1584; Ramison & Armand 320; Randriatafika & Ramisy 407).  CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of  Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov.is Endangered (EN B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v). With an Extent of Occurrence of 174 km2, and an Area of Occupancy of c. 36 km2, the species currently exists at four locations. While some of the habitat is protected, the remainder is subject to ongoing degradation and clearing for mining; recent collections show that the species is still easily found in those areas. 3461728404 1991-06-14 MO Zarucchi Madagascar 10 Toliara Toliara 4 103 MO4026737 1 holotype 3461728400 [130,316,1500,1524] 1991-06-14 P, TAN Zarucchi Madagascar 10 Toliara Toliara 4 103 1 isotype 3461728349 1989-04-17 Madagascar 5 4 105 Prefecture de Tolagnaro Toliara 4 103 1 3461728334 2000-12-17 4 105 Fort-Dauphin Fokontany Sainte Luce 4 103 1 3461728475 1989-04-12 5 4 105 Fort-Dauphin Prefecture de Taolagnaro 4 103 1 3461728516 1989-04-14 5 4 105 Fort-Dauphin Prefecture de Tolagnaro 4 103 1 3461728410 2000-10-13 4 105 Madagascar Minerals St. Luce 4 103 1 3461728446 1989-10-19 25 4 105 Manafiafy Fort Dauphin, Ste. Luce 4 103 1 3461728406 1989-11-04 20 4 105 Tolagnaro Fort Dauphin 4 103 1 3461728325 2000-09-30 5 4 105 Ampasy Foret 4 103 1 3461728528 2000-12-18 5 4 105 Ampasy Mandena 4 103 1 3461728348 2003-11-05 4 4 105 Fort-Dauphin Fivondronana 4 103 1 3461728306 2007-03-20 G, MO, P, TEF Rabenantoandro Madagascar 5 4 105 Manambaro, Ambovo, foret de Petriky Tolagnaro 4 103 1 Anosy paratype 3461728388 2007-04-05 4 105 Rabenantoandro 4 103 1 3461728501 1990-01-15 1990-01-16 1990-01-15 10 4 105 Prefecture de Tolagnaro 4 103 1 3461728425 2006-11-16 8 4 105 Tolagnaro 4 103 1 Anosy 3461728421 2007-07-06 G, K, MO, P, TEF, USMS Ramison & Armand Madagascar 4 105 Ampasy Nahampoana, Mandena, foret Mandena Tolagnaro 4 103 1 Anosy paratype 3461728575 2007-11-30 G, K, MO, P, TEF, USMS Ramison Madagascar 5 105 Manambaro, Ambovo, foret de Petriky Tolagnaro 4 103 1 Anosy paratype 3461728555 2001-09-03 5 5 105 Fort-Dauphin Prefecture 5 103 1 3461728508 2006-11-13 5 105 Tolagnaro 5 103 1 Anosy 3461728396 2004-02-18 5 105 Fort-Dauphin Fivondronana 5 103 1 3461728502 1999-06-17 10 6 105 Petriky Foret 5 103 1 3461728435 2004-02-11 10 6 105 Fort-Dauphin Fivondronana 6 103 1 3461728488 1954-12-07 1957-03-07 1954-12-07 6 105 Fort-Dauphin 6 103 1 3461728448 1951-04-17 6 105 Service Forestier Fort-Dauphin 6 103 1