A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae)
Applequist, Wendy L.
Schatz, George E.
Adansonia
2016
2016-06-24
38
1
99
115
4VSFZ
Appleq. & G.E.Schatz
Appleq. & G. E. Schatz
2016
[179,659,1139,1166]
Magnoliopsida
Salicaceae
Scolopia
Plantae
Malpighiales
4
103
Tracheophyta
species
delphinensis
sp. nov.
( Fig. 3)
Tree without spines; leaves drying pale green, narrowly elliptical, up to 8.6× 2.9 cm, with apex acute to somewhat cuspidate or rounded, base convex to cuneate, petiole 4-6(-8) mm; inflorescences 3-7-flowered; pedicels post-flowering 6-7 mm; sepals and petals glabrous except for minutely ciliolate margins; stamens very numerous, with connective 2 to 3 times longer than thecae.
TYPUS. — Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, about 10 kmNNE of Fort- Dauphin(Tôlagnaro), Mandena region, 24°57’S, 47°02’E, 10 m, 14.VI.1991, post-fl., Zarucchiet al. 7618( holo-, MO[ MO4026737]!; iso-, P!, TANn.v.). PARATYPES. — Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, Préfecture de Tôlagnaro( Fort-Dauphin), Mandena, parcelles campement, 24°57’S, 47°00’E, 0-10 m, 17.IV.1989, Dumetzet al. 685(MO, P, TAN n.v.).— Fokontany Sainte Luce, Fort-Dauphin, 24°46’05”S, 47°10’20”E, 17.XII.2000, fr., Faliniainaet al. 30(MO, TEF n.v.).— Préfecture de Taolagnaro( Fort-Dauphin), Canton Manambaro, Petriky Forest, due N of NE corner of Lake Andranany, NW of large dune at end of road, c. 11 kmWSW of Tôlagnaro, 25°03’S, 46°53’E, 0-10 m, 12.IV.1989, Gereauet al. 3352(MO, P).— Préfecture de Tôlagnaro( Fort-Dauphin), canton de Manambaro, Petriky Forest, c. 1.5 kmW oflarge dune near N shore of Lake Andranany, c. 12 kmWSW of Tôlagnaro, 25°03’S, 46°53’E, 0-10 m, 14.IV.1989, fr., Gereauet al. 3375(MO, P, TAN n.v.).— St. Luce, proposed QIT Madagascar Mineralsilmenite mining conservation area, 24°46’42”S, 47°10’15”E, 0 m, 13.X.2000, fr., Hoffmannet al. 203(MO).— N of Fort Dauphin, Ste. Luceregion ( Manafiafy), 24°47’S, 47°10’E, 25 m, 19.X.1989, fr., McPhersonet al. 14157(MO, P, TAN n.v.).— Fort Dauphin( Tôlagnaro) region, near area called Mandena, beyond QIT camp, 24°57’S, 47°00’E, 20 m, 4.XI.1989, fr., McPherson14372(MO, P, TAN n.v.).— Forêtclassée, M 15, Ampasy, Tôlagnaro, 24°57’12”S, 47°00’09”E, 0-10 m, 30.IX.2000, fr., Rabenantoandroet al. 291(MO, P, TAN n.v.).— Mandena, Ampasy, Tôlagnaro, 24°57’06”S, 47°00’06”E, 0-10 m, 18.XII.2000, fr., Rabenantoandroet al. 396(MO, P, TAN n.v.).— Fivondronana Fort-Dauphin, firaisana Mahatalaky, fokontany Sainte Luce, forêt de Sainte Luce, parcelle S9 de la zone de conservation QMM. 24°46’15”S, 47°10’15”E, 4 m, 5.XI.2003, fr., Rabenantoandroet al. 1584(MO, P, TAN n.v.).— Anosyregion, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Ambovo, forêt de Petriky, zone de conservation, 25°04’S, 46°51’E, 5 m, 20.III.2007, fr., Rabenantoandroet al. 1795( G, MO, P, TEFn.v.).— Same loc., 5.IV.2007, fr., Rabenantoandroet al. 1799(MO, P, TEF n.v.).— Préfecture de Tôlagnaro( Fort-Dauphin), forêt au NW de Ste. Luce, 24°46’S, 47°09’E, 10 m, 15-16.I.1990, fr., Rabevohitra2147(MO, P, TAN n.v.).— Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Petriky, 25°03’43”S, 46°52’06”E, 8 m, 16.XI.2006, fr., Ramison73(MO, P, TEF n.v.)— Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Ampasy Nahampoana, Mandena, forêt Mandena, M 16, 24°57’S, 47°00’E, 6.VII.2007, fr., Ramison& Armand320( G, K, MO, P, TEFn.v., USMS).— Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Ambovo, forêt de Petriky, 25°04’S, 46°51’E, 30.XI.2007, fr., Ramisonet al. 475( G, K, MO, P, TEFn.v., USMS).— Préfecturede Fort-Dauphin, forêt de Petriky, 25°04’S, 46°51’E, 0-10 m, 3.IX.2001, fr., Randriatafika289(MO, P, TAN, TEF n.v.).— Anosy, Tôlagnaro, Manambaro, Petriky, 25°03’S, 46°53’E, 13.XI.2006, fr., Randriatafika742(MO, P, TEF n.v.)— Fivondronana Fort-Dauphin, firaisana Manambaro, fokontany Petriky, 25°03’19”S, 46°51’55”E, 18.II.2004, fr., Randriatafika& Ramisy407(MO, TAN n.v.).— Forêtde Petriky, Ambovo, Manambaro, Fort-Dauphin, 25°03’39”S, 46°52’09”E, 10 m, 17.VI.1999, post-fl., Randriatafikaet al. 74(MO, P, TAN n.v.).— Fivondronana Fort-Dauphin, firaisana Manambaro, forêt de Petrikyentre le village d’Ambovo et de Loharano, 25°03’57”S, 46°51’18”E, 10 m, 11.II.2004, fr., Randriatafikaet al. 386(MO, TAN n.v.).— Village Iatovy, canton Fort-Dauphin, district Fort-Dauphin, 7.XII.1954, Réserves Naturelles 46-R-87(P). — Mandena, Fort-Dauphin, 7.III.1957, fl., Service Forestier2850(P).— Fort-Dauphin, 17.IV.1951, fr., Service Forestier3360(P).
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov.is confined to the region around Fort-Dauphin in the extreme southeast; it occurs in littoral forest and humid coastal forest ( Fig. 4).
DESCRIPTION Tree to 12 m, dbh 22 cm, or less often a shrub; bark smooth; young twigs pale gray, glabrous. Leaves narrowly elliptical (to somewhat oblong, oblanceolate, or, in exceptional leaves, elliptical), (2.5-)4-7.5(-9.3) × (1-)1.4-2.9(-4.7) cm, persistent, drying pale green to olive (or pale greenish brown) on abaxial surface, green to gray-green or dull, usually greenish or grayish brown on adaxial surface; petiole 3-6(-8) mm, glabrous; apex acute to rounded (obtuse, cuspidate), base convex to cuneate, margins entire, both surfaces glabrous, venation pinnate with major secondary veins brochidodromous, the first pair arising above the base conspicuous, otherwise weak and poorly differentiated from intersecondary veins. Inflorescences single, (1-)3-8-flowered, 1.5-3(-3.5) cm long, not elongating in fruit, glabrous or minutely papillate; pedicels (5-)6-8.5(-10) mm, not elongating in fruit, glabrous (minutely papillate). Flowers 4-5-merous; sepals lanceolate to narrowly deltoid or deltoid, 1.2-1.8 mm, glabrous, margins ciliolate; petals ovate to deltoid or oblong, often slightly longer and broader than sepals, 1.5-1.8 mm, glabrous, margins ciliolate; receptacle pubescent; stamens probably>100, filaments c. 2.5 mm, anthers 0.6-0.8 mmwith thecae only c. 0.2 mm, connective exceeding them 2-3 times; ovary glabrous; style 3.5-5 mm; stigma shallowly lobed. Fruit globose to subglobose, often with persistent style, 9-12(-15) mm diameter, red (orange) at maturity; perianth in fruit mostly caducous and remains not accrescent; seeds 1-4, tan with a pale annulus at base, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid with apex obtuse and base truncate, 3.5-5.2 mm.
REMARKS Two collections of Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov.were mentioned by Sleumer (1972a)under S. orientalis, though they were kept separate from Toamasina specimens and noted to differ in having smaller leaves. The leaves of S. delphinensis, sp. nov.are usually smaller and proportionately narrower than those of S. orientalisas herein circumscribed, and have shorter petioles when they overlap in size; the inflorescences are also smaller. Another littoral species, S. erythrocarpa, has relatively small leaves and occurs sympatrically with S. delphinensis, sp. nov.at two localities; S. erythrocarpahas obovate to oblanceolate leaves with usually rounded apices, much shorter pedicels (to 3 mmin fruit), and fewer than 40 stamens.
ETHNOBOTANY The wood of Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov.is used to make boards ( Réserves Naturelles 46-R-87).
VERNACULAR NAMES Lampivahatra ( Service Forestier 2850, 3360); Lapivahatra ( Réserves Naturelles 46-R-87[Antanosy dialect]); Menahihy ( Ramison et al. 475); Zora ( Rabenantoandro et al. 396, 1584; Ramison & Armand 320; Randriatafika & Ramisy 407).
CONSERVATION STATUS The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia delphinensis, sp. nov.is Endangered (EN B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v). With an Extent of Occurrence of 174 km2, and an Area of Occupancy of c. 36 km2, the species currently exists at four locations. While some of the habitat is protected, the remainder is subject to ongoing degradation and clearing for mining; recent collections show that the species is still easily found in those areas.
3461728404
1991-06-14
MO
Zarucchi
Madagascar
10
Toliara
Toliara
4
103
MO4026737
1
holotype
3461728400
[130,316,1500,1524]
1991-06-14
P, TAN
Zarucchi
Madagascar
10
Toliara
Toliara
4
103
1
isotype
3461728349
1989-04-17
Madagascar
5
4
105
Prefecture de Tolagnaro
Toliara
4
103
1
3461728334
2000-12-17
4
105
Fort-Dauphin
Fokontany Sainte Luce
4
103
1
3461728475
1989-04-12
5
4
105
Fort-Dauphin
Prefecture de Taolagnaro
4
103
1
3461728516
1989-04-14
5
4
105
Fort-Dauphin
Prefecture de Tolagnaro
4
103
1
3461728410
2000-10-13
4
105
Madagascar Minerals
St. Luce
4
103
1
3461728446
1989-10-19
25
4
105
Manafiafy
Fort Dauphin, Ste. Luce
4
103
1
3461728406
1989-11-04
20
4
105
Tolagnaro
Fort Dauphin
4
103
1
3461728325
2000-09-30
5
4
105
Ampasy
Foret
4
103
1
3461728528
2000-12-18
5
4
105
Ampasy
Mandena
4
103
1
3461728348
2003-11-05
4
4
105
Fort-Dauphin
Fivondronana
4
103
1
3461728306
2007-03-20
G, MO, P, TEF
Rabenantoandro
Madagascar
5
4
105
Manambaro, Ambovo, foret de Petriky
Tolagnaro
4
103
1
Anosy
paratype
3461728388
2007-04-05
4
105
Rabenantoandro
4
103
1
3461728501
1990-01-15
1990-01-16
1990-01-15
10
4
105
Prefecture de Tolagnaro
4
103
1
3461728425
2006-11-16
8
4
105
Tolagnaro
4
103
1
Anosy
3461728421
2007-07-06
G, K, MO, P, TEF, USMS
Ramison & Armand
Madagascar
4
105
Ampasy Nahampoana, Mandena, foret Mandena
Tolagnaro
4
103
1
Anosy
paratype
3461728575
2007-11-30
G, K, MO, P, TEF, USMS
Ramison
Madagascar
5
105
Manambaro, Ambovo, foret de Petriky
Tolagnaro
4
103
1
Anosy
paratype
3461728555
2001-09-03
5
5
105
Fort-Dauphin
Prefecture
5
103
1
3461728508
2006-11-13
5
105
Tolagnaro
5
103
1
Anosy
3461728396
2004-02-18
5
105
Fort-Dauphin
Fivondronana
5
103
1
3461728502
1999-06-17
10
6
105
Petriky
Foret
5
103
1
3461728435
2004-02-11
10
6
105
Fort-Dauphin
Fivondronana
6
103
1
3461728488
1954-12-07
1957-03-07
1954-12-07
6
105
Fort-Dauphin
6
103
1
3461728448
1951-04-17
6
105
Service Forestier
Fort-Dauphin
6
103
1