Thirteen new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the United States, with new host and distribution records for 32 additional species Eiseman, Charles S. Lonsdale, Owen Linden, John Van Der Feldman, Tracy S. Palmer, Michael W. Zootaxa 2021 2021-02-17 4931 1 1 68 3VCJP Spencer Spencer [151,462,605,632] Insecta Agromyzidae Liriomyza Animalia Diptera 23 24 Arthropoda species blechi  ( Fig. 73)   Material examined. MASSACHUSETTS:  Hampshire Co., Florence, Mill River( 42.336164, -72.679353),  20.viii.2020, em.  3.ix.2020, C.S. Eiseman, ex  Mimulus ringens, # CSE6562, BG 1891588 ( 2♀);  NEW YORK :  Orange Co., Cornwall, Black Rock Forest,  29.viii.2019, em.  10–12.ix.2019, C.S. Eiseman& J.A. Blyth, ex  Plantago major, # CSE5898, BG 1881415 ( 1♀);  NORTH CAROLINA :  Wake Co., Morrisville, Lake Crabtree County Park,  12.vi.2018, em.  30.vi.2018, T. S. Feldman, ex  Ruellia caroliniensis, # CSE4709, CNC1144110–1144111(2♁);  OKLAHOMA: Payne Co., Mehan, 36.013839°, -96.998103°,  13.vii.2018, em. by  29.vii.2018, M.W. Palmer, ex  Ruellia strepens, # CSE4966, CNC1643660(1♁); same collection, em.  16.vii.2018, # CSE4965, CNC934531(1♁).  Photographed mines.   KANSAS: Riley Co., Konza Prairie Biological Station,  3.vii.2015, C.S. Eiseman,  Ruellia humilis;   MASSACHUSETTS: Middlesex Co., Lincoln Co., Drumlin Farm,  6.vii.2019, C.S. Eiseman,  Plantago major;   NORTH CAROLINA: Durham Co., Durham, Bobbitt Holetrail,  28.vi.2015, T. S. Feldman,  Plantago rugelii, BG1093459;   WISCONSIN: Buffalo Co., Alma, S1287 State Road88,  18.vii.2015, C.S. Eiseman,  Plantago rugelii[vacated mines].   Hosts. Acanthaceae:  Ruellia blechumL., R. *  caroliniensis(J.F.Gmel.) Steud., [  R. humilisNutt.], R. * strepensL.; Boraginaceae:  Heliotropium curassavicumL.; Loganiaceae:  Spigelia anthelmiaL.; * Phrymaceae:  Mimulus ringensL.; Plantaginaceae:  Plantago* majorL.,  P. mediaL. ( Lonsdale 2017a), [  P. rugeliiDecne.],  P. virginicaL.; Poaceae:  Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. ( Lonsdale 2017a); Verbenaceae:  Phyla nodiflora(L.) Greene ( Eiseman & Lonsdale 2018).  Leaf mine.( Fig. 73) According to Spencer & Stegmaier (1973), a number of larvae feed together on  Ruellia blechum, “forming a mine primarily along the mid rib with irregular extensions into the leaf blade.” Spencer & Steyskal (1986)described the mine on the same host as “an irregular blotch, normally but not exclusively associated with the midrib or one of the lateral veins.” Eiseman & Lonsdale (2018)described mines on  Plantago virginicaas irregular whitish blotches with frass in discrete black grains and occasional small lumps. All mines we have seen on  Ruelliaspp. have distinct primary and secondary feeding lines and present a brainlike or intestinelike appearance ( Fig. 73). They likewise have frass in discrete black grains. Mines on  Plantagospp. sometimes have similar feeding lines, but much fainter. The two mines found on  Mimulus ringenswere both entirely linear, with frass at first in closely spaced grains or beaded strips, and later in series of discrete, roundish particles interspersed with squiggly masses. The presumed  L. blechimines we have seen on  Spigelia anthelmiabegin as compact spirals and then open into irregularly contorted linear mines, in some cases compact enough to resemble the mines on  Ruellia, but with frass in an almost continuous line of closely spaced grains or beaded strips.  Puparium.Yellowish-brown to brown, formed within the leaf, with the anterior spiracles projecting through the lower epidermis.  Phenology and voltinism.We have collected leaf mines in late March ( Florida), mid-June ( North Carolina), mid-July ( Oklahoma), and mid- to late August ( Massachusetts and New York), with adults emerging within a few weeks in each case ( Eiseman & Lonsdale 2018).   Distribution. USA: DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, [KS], *MA, MD, MI, MS, *NC, NY, OH, *OK, PA, SC, SD, TX, VA, [WI], WV; Canada: AB, NL, ON, QC; Bermuda; Bolivia; Brazil; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Guadeloupe; Martinique.   Comments. Lonsdale (2017a)noted that the specimens he examined from “elm leaves” in Illinois and from  Digitariain Florida “would be unusual rearing records, and are possibly incidental adult associations.” The label data for the latter specimens reads “Miami, 24.ix.1963, ex.  Digitaria sanguinalis, K.A. Spencer.” These would seem to be the same specimens Spencer & Steyskal (1973) discussed under  L. marginalis(Malloch): “Specimens bred from  Digitaria sanguinalisand from  Panicum miliaceumhave the mesonotum shining black, but the genitalia do not entirely agree with those of  marginalis.” They unfortunately did not provide more specific data for these specimens, but this publication on Florida Agromyzidaemakes no other reference to  Liriomyzaon  Digitaria. Monteiro et al. (2019)reported rearing  L. blechifrom Poaceaein Brazil(  Digitariasp.,  Panicum miliaceumL.,  Paspalumspp.), and noted that on these hosts the mines are linear with widely spaced frass, in contrast with mines on  Dicliptera sericea(=  D. squarrosaNees, Acanthaceae) and  Spigelia anthelmia, which they stated “are similar to  L. blechimines.” They also noted that in specimens reared from Poaceae“the central area of the mesonotum is predominantly paler, almost orange, similar to description of  L. marginalis. However, the shape of aedeagus resemble which illustrated by Eiseman & Lonsdale (2018)to  L. blechi.” The genitalia of  L. blechiwere not illustrated by Eiseman & Lonsdale (2018), and Lonsdale (2017a)was presumably the intended citation. 3069844349 2020-08-20 2020-09-03 2020-08-20 CSE C. S. Eiseman Hampshire Co. 42.336163 Florence 1 -72.67935 Mill River 23 24 CSE6562 1 3069844440 [1037,1431,749,776] NEW, YORK 23 24 2 2 3069844381 2019-08-29 2019-09-12 2019-08-29 CSE C. S. Eiseman & J. A. Blyth Orange Co. Cornwall Black Rock Forest 23 24 CSE5898 1 3069844429 [425,911,821,848] NORTH, CAROLINA 23 24 1 1 3069844397 2018-06-12 2018-06-30 2018-06-12 T Wake Island Lake Crabtree County Park Co. Morrisville 23 24 1 3069844302 [555,1430,857,886] CSE, CNC Wake Island Feldman 23 24 CSE4709, CNC1144110-1144111 1 3069844403 2018-07-13 2018-07-29 2018-07-13 CSE, CNC M. W. Palmer Wake Island Payne Co. Mehan 23 24 CSE4966, CNC1643660 1 3069844422 [712,1367,929,956] 2018-07-16 CSE, CNC Wake Island 23 24 CSE4965, CNC934531 1 3069844324 2015-07-03 C. S. Eiseman Riley Co. Konza Prairie Biological Station 23 24 1 Kansas 3069844399 2019-07-06 C. S. Eiseman Middlesex Co. Drumlin Farm Lincoln Co. 23 24 1 Massachusetts 3069844309 2015-06-28 T S. Feldman Durham Co. Bobbitt Hole Durham 23 24 1 North Carolina 3069844305 2015-07-18 C. S. Eiseman Buffalo Co. State Road Alma 23 24 1 Wisconsin