Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species Ortega-Salas, Héctor González-Soriano, Enrique Jocque, Merlijn Zootaxa 2022 2022-01-11 5089 1 1 66 Ortega-Salas, Jocque & Gonzalez-Soriano Ortega-Salas, Jocque & Gonzalez-Soriano 2022 [151,938,859,886] Insecta Megapodagrionidae Paraphlebia Animalia Odonata 17 18 Arthropoda species itzamna sp. nov.   Figs. 10(head ♂Bw), 23–24 (thorax ♂Bw ♀), 45 (wings ♂Bw), 80, 87 (appendages ♂Bw), 114, 128 (posterior lobe of prothorax ♂Bw ♀), 132 (S8– 10 ♀), 151 (map), 159 (habitus ♂Bw).  urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CE8B1547-C58A-46B9-999C-AD647EC6B588   Holotype. HONDURAS• 1 ♂;  Cortés, San Pedro Sula, Parque Nacional Cusuco(2); 15.4844°N, 88.2294°W;  1250 m;  29 Jun 2012; M. Jocqueleg.; IBUNAM; IBUNAM:CNIN:OD22988.   Paratypes. HONDURAS• 1 ♂;  Atlántida, Tela, Jardín Botánico Lancetilla; [ 15.73°N, 87.44°W];  100 m; V. Hellebuyckleg.; IBUNAM; IBUNAM:CNIN:OD22719 • same data but  2 ♂♂;  Cortés, San Pedro Sula, Guanalescamp, CNP; 15.4888°N, 88.2359°W;  1191 m;  29 Jun 2012; M. Jocqueleg.; RG; BINCO_HON_12_036 • same data but  1 ♂; MJ; BINCO_HON_12_041 • same data but  4 ♂♂; RBINS; BINCO_HON_12_042 BINCO_HON_12_043 • same data but  32 ♂♂; 15.4888°N, 88.2368°W;  1174 m; MJ; BINCO_HON_12_044 to 045 • same data but  2 ♂♂; Santo Tomas, Tr3, CNP; 15.5219°N, 88.2901°W;  1319 m;  26 Jul 2012; I. Arguetaleg.; BINCO_HON_12_046 • same data but  1 ♂; Parque Nacional Cusuco(2); 15.4844°N, 88.2294°W;  1250 m;  29 Jun 2012; M. Jocqueleg.; IBUNAM; IBUNAM:CNIN:OD22989 • same data but  1 ♀; Parque Nacional Cusuco(6);  1300 m; IBUNAM:CNIN: OD22993 • same data but  2 ♂; Parque Nacional Cusuco, Río Guanales(1);  1250 m; I. Arguetaleg.; IBUNAM: CNIN:OD22986 to 22987.   Etymology. Named  itzamna/ɪtˈsɑmnɑ/ (L. noun in apposition), after Itzamna (also Itzamnaaj) the Mayan creator god. God of writing and esoteric knowledge.   Description of holotype  Head. Chiefly black, labrum dark glossy blue, anteclypeus with medial and lateral brown spots; postclypeus with pale lateral spots, frons with paired pale spots between eye and antennae, vertex with two pale spots anterolateral to lateral ocelli, occiput with complete pale occipital bar, eyes brown; antennal scape with pale distal margin, pedicel and flagellum light brown.  Thorax. Prothorax: chiefly black; medial and posterior lobe with pale lateral edges; see Fig. 114( paratype) for morphology. Pterothorax: chiefly black with diffuse green metallic reflections on mesepisternum and mesepimeron; see Fig. 23for colour pattern; legs pale with dark markings; coxa pale with dark spots, pruinose anteriorly; trochanter pale; femora with pale flexor surfaces; tibiae and tarsi light brown; joints of femora and tibia black, dorsal ridge on femora mostly black; claws reddish.  Wings. Black tip covering one-fifth of wing length and including pterostigma; FW with one post-quadrangular cell, vein that descend from subnodus at the first post-quadrangular Vx; CuA in HW forked, field between CuA and posterior margin with one extra sector and one supplementary vein. Px: FW 44/39, HW 37/36.  Abdomen. Black with pale areas as follow: S2 with ventrolateral horizontal lines; S3–7 with diffuse basolateral spots; S9–10 and cerci pruinose on dorsum.  Caudal appendages. Cerci: see Fig. 80for morphology. Paraprocts:superior lobe rudimentary, only distinguished by a transverse groove; inferior lobe in lateral view smoothly rounded. Measurements. Abdomen: 43, FW: 38.2, HW: 37.  Variation in males. In back-tipped males, variation was found in the extension of the black colouration on the pterothorax. A male from Lancetilla has a mostly pale sternum with black markings restricted to the area next to the ventral carina and a hint of a pale line at the mesopleural suture. Pale colouration on hyaline wing males more extensive: complete second pterothorax line turquoise in life, metepimeron with a wider contour line, the upper segment widening posteriorly up to half of the thickness of the metepimeron, forming a triangular area. Black tip varies slightly in extent (covering 10–14 and 8–9 Px in FW and HW respectively). Vein that descends from the subnodus in FW proximal to the first post-quadrangular Vx by one to two-fifths of the underlying cell length, field between CuA and posterior margin sometimes with two extra sectors. In some individuals, FW with vein that descends from the subnodus can be slightly distal to the first Vx. Measurements. Abdomen: 40.0–46.0, FW: 35.0–39.5, HW: 33.5–39; Px: FW 38–48; Px: HW 34–42.  Description of female paratype  Head. As in male.  Thorax. Prothorax: pale with blackish medial elongated mark on posterior half of posterior lobe, about one-third length of lobe; see Fig. 128for morphology. Pterothorax: see Fig. 24for colour pattern; black markings on sternum diffuse; depression mesad to mesostigmal lobe in mesostigmal plate rounded.  Wings. Hyaline, with a slightly amber tint; Px: FW 39/39; Px: FW 31/35. S1–7 as in male but pale markings more extensive; S8 dorsal pale spot present; S9 pale dorsal spot mushroom shaped, widened posteriorly. Ovipositor ending beyond tip of cerci.   Diagnosis.  Paraphlebia itzamnabelongs in the group of species with the mediodorsal flange of the cerci poorly developed; that is, the maximum width of the flange is less than 1.5x the maximum width of the distal lobe. This species is unique in having the mesal margin of the mediodorsal flange convex, in dorsal view its greatest width at its proximal end, then it narrows towards the middle and finally widens again towards its distal end ( Fig. 80a). In most other species of the group this margin is either slightly and smoothly curved or straight and the widest section is always at the distal end ( Figs. 73–79).   Distribution. Northwest Honduras: Cusuco National Park and the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Cortésand Atlántidadepartments, respectively, from 100–1300 m.a.s.l. 4023503313 2012-06-29 IBUNAM M. Jocque Honduras 1250 15.4844 Parque Nacional Cusuco 7 -88.2294 San Pedro Sula 17 18 1 1 Cortes holotype 4023503582 IBUNAM V. Hellebuyck Honduras 100 15.73 Jardin Botanico Lancetilla 770 -87.44 Tela 17 18 1 1 Atlantida paratype 4023503538 2012-06-29 IBUNAM M. Jocque Honduras 1191 15.4888 Guanales 7 -88.2359 San Pedro Sula 17 18 2 2 Cortes paratype 4023503646 [193,732,1251,1279] 2012-06-29 MJ M. Jocque Honduras 1191 15.4888 Guanales 7 -88.2359 San Pedro Sula 17 18 1 1 Cortes paratype 4023503615 2012-06-29 RBINS M. Jocque Honduras 1191 15.4888 Guanales 7 -88.2359 San Pedro Sula 17 18 4 4 Cortes paratype 4023503592 [328,1359,1286,1315] 2012-06-29 MJ M. Jocque Honduras 1174 15.4888 Guanales 7 -88.2368 San Pedro Sula 17 18 32 32 Cortes paratype 4023503393 2012-07-26 MJ I. Argueta Honduras 1319 15.5219 Tr 7 -88.2901 Santo Tomas 17 18 2 2 Cortes paratype 4023503390 2012-06-29 IBUNAM M. Jocque Honduras 1250 15.4844 Parque Nacional Cusuco 7 -88.2294 Santo Tomas 17 18 1 1 Cortes paratype 4023503360 2012-06-29 IBUNAM M. Jocque Honduras 1300 15.4844 Parque Nacional Cusuco 7 -88.2294 Santo Tomas 17 18 1 1 Cortes paratype 4023503467 IBUNAM I. Argueta Honduras 1250 Rio Guanales Parque Nacional Cusuco 17 18 2 2 Cortes paratype