A revision of the shield-back katydid genus Neduba (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae: Nedubini) Cole, Jeffrey A. Weissman, David B. Lightfoot, David C. Ueshima, Norihiro Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta Maryańska-Nadachowska, Anna Chatfield-Taylor, Will Zootaxa 2021 2021-01-19 4910 1 1 92 6RVKK (Scudder, 1899) Scudder 1899 [151,561,1831,1858] Insecta Tettigoniidae Neduba Animalia Orthoptera 48 49 Arthropoda species castanea   Fig. 19(distribution), Fig. 21(male and female habitus, calling song, drumming, male and female tremulation karyotype), Plate 2B–C (live habitus), Plate 5A(male calling song), Plate 7I(male ventral sclerite), Plate 10B(male titillators), Plate 11K(female subgenital plate).  Common name.Chestnut Shieldback.  History of recognition. Scudder (1899)described  Tropizaspis castaneafrom Los AngelesCounty, California. Caudell (1907)transferred this species to  Aglaothoraxbased on habitus, in particular the pronotal shape, but the species was moved to  Nedubaonce the male genitalia were examined ( Rentz 1988; Rentz & Birchim 1968). Our fieldwork shows that  N. castaneais the only  Nedubaspecies found in mainland Los AngelesCounty (i.e. exclusive of the Channel Islands), where it is limited to the fringes of the Mojave Desert.   Type material.  The holotypemale is housed at ANSP. Images of the type are available at OSFO( Cigliano et al.2020).  PARATYPE(n = 1):  USA, CA ,   Los Angeles Co., 1♀, Los Angeles Co., VII, Coquillett, USNM;  TOPOTYPES EXAMINED(n = 26):   USA, CA,   Los Angeles Co.,2♁, Countyroad N4 near Llano, 34.505828N, 117.817841W,  1280 m,  6-VIII-1988, DB Weissman& DC Lightfoot, CAS; 1♁, County RoadN6, 2 mi. NW of Devil’s Punchbowl, 34.4267N, 117.8697W,  1250 m,  6-VIII-1988, DB Weissman& DC Lightfoot, CAS; 1♁, Devil’s Punchbowl CountyPark, 34.4138N, 117.8587W,  1445 m,  17-VIII-1982, DB Weissman, CAS; 1♁, Devil’sPunchbowl County Park, 34.4138N, 117.8587W,  1445 m,  30-VIII-1975, PH Sullivan, CAS; 1♁, Devil’s PunchbowlRoad  1 mi.NW of Devil’s Punchbowl, 34.42382N, 117.86816W,  1341 m,  20-VI-2018, JA Cole, JAC; 1♁, Juniper Hills, Devil’s PunchbowlRoad ( County RoadN6), 2 mileseast of Longview Road, 34.4267N, 117.8697W,  1316 m, 2005, JA Cole, LACM; 3♁, 1♀nymph, same data except  13-VI-2003, JA Cole, JN Hogue, LACM; 1♁, same data except JAC; 2♁, same data except  14-VI-2015, JA Cole, GE Bell, T  Farwell, LACM; 1♁, same data except JAC; 2♁, same data except  14-VI-2017, JA Cole, LACM; 3♁, 1♀, same data except  18-VI-2008, JA Cole, LACM;  1♀nymph, same data except  20-VI-2003, JA Cole, JN Hogue, LACM; 1♁, same data except  7-VII-2004, JA Cole, LACM; 1♁, 1♀, Largo Vista Rd.( county RoadN4),  1 mi.S of Fort Tejon Rd., 34.4530N, 117.7649W,  1277 m,  22-VI-2008, JA Cole, LACM;  1♀, same data except  22-VI-2008, JA Cole, JAC.   Measurements.(mm, ♁n = 14, ♀n = 6) Hind femur ♁16.99–21.20, ♀18.50–23.87, pronotum total length ♁9.90–13.20, ♀10.08–13.20, prozona length ♁3.84–5.69, ♀4.83–6.92, metazona dorsal length ♁5.60–8.67 ♀4.72– 6.76, pronotum constriction width ♁2.70–3.68, ♀2.95–3.85, metazona dorsal width ♁7.24–8.49 ♀6.75–8.25, head width ♁4.94– 5.85, ♀5.05–6.81, ovipositor length ♀14.92–20.25.  Habitat.Pinyon-juniper (  Juniperusspp.-  Pinus monophyllaTorr & Frém.), Joshua tree (  Yucca brevifoliaEngelm.) woodlands,  Ceanothusscrub, and yellow pine forest. Specimens were taken from pinyon pine, juniper, mountain mahogany (  Cercocarpussp.), and Joshua tree.   Distribution.Dry north slope of Transverse Ranges of Californiaincluding the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, Liebre, and San Emigdio Mountains.  Seasonal occurrence.Adult specimens have been taken from mid-June in foothill regions ( 13-VI-2003, JA Cole & JN Hogue, LACM) into September at high elevation ( 12-IX-2015, DA Gray, CAS). Females were last instar nymphs at the earliest date of occurrence listed above.  Stridulatory file.(n = 5), length 3.7–4.6 mm, 79–99 teeth, tooth density 21.6 ± 1.1 (19.8–22.7) teeth/mm.  Song.(n = 24) A continuous series of long MPTL(373.1 ± 51.5 ms) with widely spaced toothstrikes delivered at PTRof 2.6 ± 0.7 s-1. Thesound resembles a finger running along the teeth of a comb. The PTFof 13.7 ± 2.1 kHz extends comfortably into the audible range. Thereis a significant high frequency component, however, with 18.7 kHz PTFmeasured in one high frequency laboratory recording. Malesbegin calling at sunset. Thepopulation from McGill Campground on Mount Pinos, Ventura County, Californiahas a significantly slower PTRthan that of the typelocality (2-sample t-test, P= 0.002). Males may also produce audible substrate vibrations via drumming. Drums precede bouts of stridulation ( Fig. 21).  Karyotype.(n = 5) 2n♁ = 22 ( 4m+ 16t+ XmYt), shared only with  N. macneilli. T88-69, S88-72, topotype.  Recognition.Morphological and color pattern differences thought to separate  N. castaneafrom  N. macneilli(per Rentz & Birchim 1968) are unreliable. The development of the styli on the subgenital plate, from absent to slight swellings to articulated, may vary within a population and even between the left and right sides of a single specimen. Both species exhibit the full range of variation in color patterns. Female  N. castaneahave round, highly convex subgenital plates, whereas those of  N. macneilliare subtriangular with a bluntly pointed apex. Geographically  N. castaneareplaces  N. macneilli, which is a Sierra Nevadaspecies, in the Transverse Ranges of southern California.  Notes.We treat  N. castaneaand  N. macneillias closely related sister species based on reproductive isolation via allopatry. Both inhabit the same life zone in different geographic regions of California.  N. castaneaand  N. macneilliare sympatric with  Aglaothorax ovata, and all three species share a similar robust habitus suggesting convergent evolution of body form in their habitat. Enlarged pronotal size may be adaptive for signal transmission in open habitats such as pinyon-juniper and Joshua tree woodlands, where trees and bushes are widely spaced, compared with the dense forest understories inhabited by other  Nedubaspecies Groups. Drumming was observed during courtship in the field at the Largo Vista Road locality (see Typematerial above), during which a male alternated drumming and stridulating. The signaling did not result in copulation in this observed instance (JAC pers. obs.).   Material examined. (n = 26)   All USA, CA,   Kern Co., 3♀, McGill Campground, Los Padres NationalForest, 34.82539N, 119.09791W,  12-IX-2015, DA Gray, LACM; 11♁, 1♀, McGill Campground, Los Padres National Forest, 34.81505N, 119.10014W,  2271 m,  8-9-VIII-2017, JA Cole, LACM; 1♁, 1♀, same data except JAC;   Los Angeles Co.,in addition to typematerial (above), 5♁, Sierra Highway, 0.6 mileswest of Crown Valley Road, Acton, 34.4936N, 118.1834W,  929 m,  17-VI-2003, JA Cole, JN Hogue, LACM; 1♁, same data except  18-19-VI-2008, JA Cole, JAC sound record; 1♁, Spunky Canyon,  2 mi.SW of Green Valley, 34.6023N, 118.3863W,  1047 m,  16-VI- 2012, JA Cole, LACM; 2♁, same data except  26-VII-2001, JA Cole, LACM. 3025458593 [385,827,331,357] ANSP The 49 50 1 holotype 3025458618 [304,670,366,393] CA United States of America USA 49 50 1 paratype 3025458485 [685,1433,366,393] USNM Coquillett United States of America Los Angeles Co. Los Angeles Co. 49 50 1 1 paratype 3025458505 [151,570,403,430] TOPOTYPES, EXAMINED Coquillett United States of America Los Angeles Co. true Los Angeles Co. 49 50 1 paratype 3025458557 [582,694,402,428] CA United States of America USA 49 50 1 paratype 3025458747 1988-08-06 CAS DB Weissman & DC Lightfoot United States of America Los 1280 34.50583 County 1 -117.81784 Co. 49 50 1 Angeles paratype 3025458706 1988-08-06 CAS DB Weissman & DC Lightfoot United States of America 1250 34.4267 Punchbowl 6 -117.8697 County Road 49 50 1 Angeles paratype 3025458449 1982-08-17 CAS DB Weissman United States of America Devil's Punchbowl County 1445 34.4138 Devil's Punchbowl County 6 -117.8587 49 50 1 Angeles paratype 3025458670 1975-08-30 CAS Sullivan Philippines 1445 34.4138 County Park 6 -117.8587 Devil's 49 50 1 paratype 3025458547 2018-06-20 JAC JA Cole Philippines 1341 34.42382 Devil's Punchbowl 1 -117.86816 49 50 1 paratype 3025458721 LACM JA Cole Philippines Juniper Hills 1316 34.4267 County Road 6 -117.8697 Devil's Punchbowl 49 50 1 paratype 3025458370 [349,1187,655,683] 2003-06-13 LACM Cole & Hogue Philippines Juniper Hills 1316 34.4267 County Road 6 -117.8697 Devil's Punchbowl 49 50 1 1 paratype 3025458630 2003-06-13 JAC Cole & Hogue Philippines Juniper Hills 1316 34.4267 County Road 6 -117.8697 Devil's Punchbowl 49 50 1 paratype 3025458408 [215,825,690,719] 2015-06-14 T Cole & Bell Philippines Juniper Hills 1316 34.4267 County Road 6 -117.8697 Devil's Punchbowl 49 50 1 paratype 3025458510 [830,1014,691,717] LACM Philippines Farwell 49 50 1 paratype 3025458463 [1024,1320,691,719] JAC Philippines Farwell 49 50 1 paratype 3025458689 2017-06-14 LACM Cole Philippines Farwell 49 50 1 paratype 3025458471 [644,1294,727,755] 2008-06-18 LACM Cole Philippines Farwell 49 50 1 1 paratype 3025458456 2003-06-20 LACM Cole & Hogue Philippines Farwell 49 50 1 1 paratype 3025458495 [813,1384,763,791] 2004-07-07 LACM Cole Philippines Farwell 49 50 1 paratype 3025458754 2008-06-22 LACM JA Cole Philippines 1277 34.453 county Road 6 -117.7649 Largo Vista Rd. 49 50 1 1 paratype 3025458450 [314,864,835,861] 2008-06-22 JAC Cole Philippines 1277 34.453 county Road 6 -117.7649 Largo Vista Rd. 49 50 1 1 paratype 3025458553 MPTL, PTR, PTF Ventura County -0.7 The The 49 50 1 California 3025458733 [546,704,294,320] CA United States of America All 51 52 1 3025458427 2015-09-12 LACM DA Gray United States of America Kern Co. 34.82539 McGill Campground 1 -119.09791 Los Padres National 51 52 3 3 3025458367 2017-08-08 2017-08-09 2017-08-08 LACM JA Cole United States of America 2271 34.81505 McGill Campground 1 -119.10014 Los Padres National Forest 51 52 1 1 3025458546 [1020,1379,367,395] 2017-08-08 2017-08-09 2017-08-08 JAC JA Cole United States of America 2271 34.81505 McGill Campground 1 -119.10014 Los Padres National Forest 51 52 1 1 3025458379 2003-06-17 LACM JA Cole & JN Hogue United States of America Los Angeles Co. 929 34.4936 Sierra Highway 6 -118.1834 Acton 51 52 1 3025458394 2008-06-18 2008-06-19 2008-06-18 JAC JA Cole United States of America Los Angeles Co. 929 34.4936 Sierra Highway 6 -118.1834 Acton 51 52 1 3025458730 2012-06-16 LACM JA Cole United States of America 1047 34.6023 Spunky Canyon 6 -118.3863 51 52 1 3025458354 [420,1012,511,539] 2001-07-26 LACM JA Cole United States of America 1047 34.6023 Spunky Canyon 6 -118.3863 51 52 1