Neotropical spittlebugs related to Neaenini (Hemiptera, Cercopidae) and the origins of subfamily Cercopinae Andrew Hamilton, K. G. Zootaxa 2016 4169 2 201 250 [151,388,1530,1555] Insecta Aphrophoridae Neaenus Animalia Hemiptera 19 220 Arthropoda species hystricosus sp. nov.   Etymology.  hystricosus(adj.), thorny.   Diagnosis.Male theca with marginal spines surrounding apical half of shaft in caudal aspect ( Fig. 47C).   Description.Head and dorsum black, venter and tegmina dark brown, usually varied with orange on base of clavus (as in type, Fig. 10B) or pale brown on base of clavus and/or costa. Male pregenital tergite lobes slender, curved ventrad, sternite with spiny lobe just before genital capsule ( Fig. 47A); subgenital plates with prominent lobe on dorsal side of basal half, as in  Tropidorhinella inflata(Jacobi); styles broadly furcate at tip, as in genotype; phallobase large, with thick upper lobe; theca strongly curved on basal half, apical third with triangular lobes directed cephalad ( Fig. 47B). Length: male 5.7–6.4 [ holotype] mm, female 6.9 mm.    Types. Holotypemale, MEXICO: Sin.─Sta. Lucia,  4 Aug. 1964( L.A. Kelton). Paraptypes: 2 males, same data as holotype;  1 male, Sin.─ Portrerillos,  15 miW El Palmito, 5000' [ASL],  4 Aug. 1964( J.F. McAlpine);  1 female, same locality,  9 Aug. 1964( L.A. Kelton). All types No. 24222 in CNCI.   Remarks.The spiny thecal tip and lobate subgenital plates are characteristic of  TropidorhinellaSchmidt, but the styles, pregenital tergal lobes and shape of the pronotum show that these genera are not related. This species is 3% divergent from the lineage to which belongs an undescribed female (also from Sinaloain  Mexico).   FIGURES 10–11.  NeaenusFowler, dorsolateral aspect (10) and female genitalia, ventral aspect (11). 10A,  N. variusFowler; 10B,  N. hystricosus  sp. nov.; 10C, undescribed female from 15 mi east of El Palmito in Mexico; 10D,  N. natrix  sp. nov.; 10E– F, 11A,  N.( Neaniskus) gilli  sp. nov.; 10G–H, 11B,  N.( Neaniskus) zacki  sp. nov..   Neaenus natrix  sp. nov.   Etymology.  natrix(noun in apposition), water-snake.   Diagnosis.Styles broad at midlength, constricted on apical third and serpentine, hooked ventrad at tip ( Fig. 46A).   Description.Male black with eyes brown to crimson, two elongate ivory spots on costa (often connected into a wavy line, as in the type) and with coxae plus hind tibia and tarsi pale brown; female colored as in  N. hystricosusbut with reddish eyes and wing markings as in male. Antenna with 10 pits clustered at tip of postpedicel and short, peglike basiconic sensillum ( Fig. 21B), Male pregenital tergite lobes slender, curved upwards, longer than those in  N. variusand not spatulate at tips; subgenital plates tapered, directed caudad; phallobase short, with slender dorsal process ( Fig. 46B); theca evenly curved cephalad, laterally compressed, armed only with low spiculate lobes near midlength, most clearly visible in caudal aspect ( Fig. 46C). Length: male 5.2 [ holotype] – 5.6 mm, female 6.2–6.5 mm.    Types. Holotypemale, MEXICO: Chis.─ Zontehuitz, nr. S[an] Crist[obal], 9500',  27 May 1969( W.R.M. Mason).  Paratypes: 1 male, 4 females, same data as holotype;  1 female, Mt. Tzantehuit,  3000m,  17 May 1969( J.M. Campbell). All types No. 24223 in CNCI.   Remarks.The short basiconic sensillum and serpentine style tip without setae are shared with the following new subgenus, from which lineage this species is only 2% divergent. 1313797419 1964-08-04 L. A. Kelton & Paraptypes Mexico 19 220 2 2 holotype 1313797413 [296,1319,1926,1951] 1964-08-04 J. F. McAlpine Mexico Portrerillos 19 220 1 1 holotype 1313797423 1964-08-09 CNCI L. A. Kelton & All & No. Mexico Portrerillos 19 220 1 1 holotype 1313797406 1969-05-27 W. R. M. Mason Mexico Zontehuitz Crist 21 222 2 holotype 1313797403 [250,831,654,679] 1969-05-27 W. R. M. Mason Mexico Zontehuitz Crist 21 222 5 4 1 paratype 1313797408 1969-05-17 CNCI J. M. Campbell & All & No. Mexico 3000 Mt. Tzantehuit 21 222 1 1 holotype