Sarcolaena bojeriana Baill. , Adansonia 10: 177 (1872) Leptolaena bojeriana (Baill.) Cavaco, Mémoires de l’Institut Xerochlamys pilosa Baker , Journal of Botany , British and Foreign 20: 45 (1882) Sarcolaena grandidieri Baill. , Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Paris 1: 565 (1886) Xerochlamys grandidieri (Baill.) Baker , Journal of the Linnean Society , Botany 25: 296 (1889) Xerochlamys pubescens Baker , Journal of the Linnean Society , Botany 25: 296 (1889) Endemic families of Madagascar. XII. Resurrection and taxonomic revision of the genera Mediusella (Cavaco) Hutchinson and Xerochlamys Baker (Sarcolaenaceae) Hong-Wa, Cynthia Adansonia 2009 3 2009-12-31 31 2 311 339   3.  Xerochlamys bojeriana(Baill.) Baker   Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany25: 296 (1889). —     Sarcolaena bojerianaBaill.,  Adansonia10: 177 (1872). —   Leptolaena bojeriana(Baill.) Cavaco, Mémoires de l’Institut   scientifique de  Madagascar, sér. B, 4: 64 (1952). — Type:  Madagascar, without precise locality, date unknown, fl.,  Bojer s. n. (holo-, P! [P00389113]).     Xerochlamys pilosa Baker,  Journal of Botany,   Britishand Foreign20: 45 (1882). — Type: Madagascar, on the top of a bleak stony hill in the west of the Betsileocountry, date unknown, fl.,  Baron134(holo-, K [image seen]; iso-, P! [ P00490727]).     Sarcolaena grandidieri Baill.,   Bulletin de la Sociétélinnéenne de Paris1: 565 (1886). —   Xerochlamys grandidieri(Baill.) Baker,   Journalof the Linnean Society,  Botany25: 296 (1889). — Type: Madagascar, Prov. Fianarantsoa, Ambatomenaloha, [ 20°37’S, 46°33’E], 1876, fl.,  Grandidier63(holo-, P! [3 sheets: P00389114-16]).    Xerochlamys pubescens Baker,   Journalof the Linnean Society,  Botany25: 296 (1889). — Type: Madagascar, Imerina, Lahavohitramountain,dateunknown,fr.,  Baron5112(holo-, K [image seen]; iso-, P! [2 sheets: P00389111-12]). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. —  Madagascar.Prov.    Antananarivo, PK 36, route d’Antsirabe, [ 19°08’30’’S,   47°31’30’’E],  16.II.1966, Rakotozafy 457( TAN). — Ambatofotsy, [ 20°03’S, 47°05’E], 16.VII.1952, Service  Forestier 107-R-222(P). —  Ambatolampy, [ 19°22’S,   47°24’E],  II.1953, Bosser 4828( TAN). — Ambohipo- nana, [ 20°04’S, 47°03”E], 1500 m, 20.XI.1912, Viguier & Humbert 1416(K, P). — Andramasina, [ 19°11’S, 47°35’E], II.1958, Descoings 3106(MO, TAN). — Idem, croupe rocailleuse aride entre Ambohimasina et Andramasina, 3.XII.1912, Viguier & Humbert 1915(MO, P). — Andrangaranga, [ 19°00’S, 47°08’E], 14.I.1964, Service Forestier 23206(MO, P). — Idem, Service Forestier 23206bis(MO, P). — Ankaratra, [ 19°22’S, 47°15’E], 2250 m, 5.VIII.1989, Du Puy & Du Puy MB279(TAN). — Idem, [ 19°20’S, 47°16’E], 1700-2200 m, 27.IV.1955, Humbert & Capuron 30301(P). — Antongona, environs de Tananarive, [ 18°56’S, 47°16’E], I.1956, Bosser 8947(MO, P, TAN). — Idem, 4.XII.1959, Peltier 1546(P, TAN). — Antsirabe, 5 kmof Antilarisona, north of Antsirabe, [ 19°51’S, 47°02’E], 1250-1300 m, 23.I.1975, Croat 29219(K, MO, P). — Idem, [ 19°51’S, 47°02’E], IV.1912, Perrier de la Bâthie 3017(P). — Arivonimano, [ 19°01’S, 47°11’E], 16.X.1992, Allorge 660(P). — Idem, 29.I.1960, Peltier 1822(P, TAN). — Idem, V.1956, Service Agricole 1088(MO, TAN). — Idem, massif de l’Ambohitrambo, 24.X.1965, Service Forestier 24176bis(P, TEF). — Behenjy, [ 19°12’S, 47°29’E], 1400-1500 m, 12.I.1972, Cremers 1934(TAN). — Idem, 11.V.1939, Decary 13897(P). — Idem, rocher d’Iaranandriana, 10.III.1984, Dorr et al. 2886(K, MO, P). — Idem, north of Behenjy on road from Antananarivoto Antsirabe, 12.I.1986, Dorr et al. 4571(K, MO, P). — Idem, 12.II.1938, Herbier du Jardin Botanique de Tananarive 3172(P). — Idem, Perrier de la Bâthie 14630(P). — Idem, entre Behenjy et Ambatolampy, PK 51, 1400 m, 1.IX.1949, Service Forestier 647(K, P, TEF). — Betafo, [ 19°50’S, 46°51’E], 19.XI.1912, Viguier & Humbert 1416(K, P, TAN). — Between Miarinarivo and Antananarivo, PK 60, [ 19°00’S, 47°03’E], I.1958, Descoings 2897(MO, TAN). — Faratsiho, [ 19°24’S, 46°57’E], IX.1921, Perrier de la Bâthie 13938(P). — Iarinandriana, 40 kmde Tananarive, [ 19°10’S, 47°30’E], IV.1957, Bosser 11062(TAN). — Ibity, southwest slope of Mt. Kiboy, 20°03’50”S, 46°59’58”E, 1624 m, 27.I.2001, Birkinshaw et al. 816(MO). — Idem, [ 20°07’S, 47°01’E], 22.VII.1989, Du Puy et al. MB271(MO, P, TAN). — Idem, Mt. Kiboy, 20°03’52”S, 47°00’03”E, 1662 m, 1.XI.2001, Hong-Wa et al. 1(MO, P, TAN, TEF). — Idem, 1552 m, 20. VI.2005, Hong-Wa et al. 321(MO, P, TAN). — Idem, [ 20°07’S, 47°01’E], 13.X.1970, Keraudren-Aymonin & Aymonin 24587(P). — Idem, 20°03’47”S, 47°00’02”E, 1650 m, 16.II.1997, Lowry & Schatz 4814(MO, P). — Idem, Ambohimanjaka, base est du Mt. Ibity, [ 19°45’S, 47°15’E], 1600 m, III.1920, Perrier de la Bâthie 13208(P). — Idem, 1800 m, III.1921, Perrier de la Bâthie 13573(P); Perrier de la Bâthie 13573bis(P). — 2000 m, IX.1921, Perrier de la Bâthie 13969(P). — [ 20°07’S, 47°01’E], 1200 m, III.1928, Perrier de la Bâthie 18495(P). — Idem, 20°04’10”S, 47°00’16”E, 1700 m, 17.II.2003, Schatz et al. 4126(MO). — Itasy, PK 68, route Tananarive à l’Itasy, [ 18°57’S, 47°05’E], 11.XI.1970, Keraudren-Aymonin & Aymonin 25416(P). — Manandona, versant droit de la basse Manandona, [ 20°03’S, 47°03’E], 1200-1800 m, V.1920, Perrier de la Bâthie 13165(MO, P). — Manazary, [ 19°03’S, 46°52’E], 1300 m, 8.XII.1912, Viguier & Humbert 1956(P). — Miarinarivo, [ 18°57’S, 46°54’E], VII.1912, Perrier de la Bâthie 3005(P). — VI.1926, Perrier de la Bâthie 17610(P). — [ 18°56’S, 46°51’E], 1200 m, III.1926, Perrier de la Bâthie 17615(P). — Ramainandro, [ 19°18’S, 47°00’E], I.1955, Bosser 7558(MO, P,TAN). — Sabotsy, [ 19°13’S, 47°36’E], II.1959, Bosser 12784(MO, P, TAN). — Sahanivotry, PK 202 de la route Tananarive-Fianarantsoa, [ 20°07’S, 47°04’E], 1500 m, 9.II.1949, Service Forestier 230(P, TEF). — Soamananety, 50 kmwest of Antananarivo, [ 18°59’S, 47°04’E], 1300-1400 m, 13.II.1985, Barnett et al. 459(K, MO, P). — 27.I.1937, Chardon & Bigorgne s. n.(P). — 57 kmwest of Antananarivo, 9.I.1985, Dorr et al. 3436(K, MO, P). — Idem, route Tananarive-Miarinarivo, PK 55, [ 18°58’S, 47°05’E], 1300 m, 14.XII.1989, Evrard 11300(P, TAN). — Talata-Volonondry, [ 18°45’S, 47°41’E], VIII.1906, d’Alleizette 1265(P). — Prov. Fianarantsoa, Ambandroja, [21°59’- 22°00’S, 46°36’-46- °37’E], 900-1360 m, 22.VII.1954, Service Forestier 14491(P, TEF). — Ambasy, [ 21°28’S, 46°11’E], 1100 m, 9. XII.1974, Cremers 3581(MO, P, TAN). — Ambatofinandrahana, 54 kmeast of Finandrohana, [ 20°35’S, 47°02’E], 1300 m, 25.I.1975, Croat 29670(MO, P). — Idem, 18 kmwest of Finandrahana, 1100 m, 26.I.1975, Croat 29726(MO). — Idem, [ 20°33’S, 46°48’E], 1600- 1800 m, 23.II.1938, Decary 13257(P). — 3.II.1942, Decary 17289(P); Decary 17358(MO, P). — Idem, 7 kmsouth-west of Ambatofinandrahana, on the route to Fenoarivo, 20°36’48”S, 46°49’31”E, 1300 m, 20.XI.1993, Du Puy et al. M627(K, MO, P, TAN, TEF). — Ambatomenaloha, [ 20°37’S, 46°33’E], 1876, Grandidier 63(P). — Ambohimanjaka, entre Antsirabe et Ambositra, [ 20°15’S, 47°06’E], 1500 m, 6.III.1985, Dorr et al. 3844(K, MO, P). — Idem, 20°14’10”S, 47°05’59”E, 1500 m, 23.III.1999, Labat et al. 3009(G, K, MO, P, TAN). — Ambositra, dans les bois de Tapia, [ 20°31’S, 47°15’E], 2.II.1942, Decary 17246(P). — Ankijana, [ 20°37’S, 47°05’E], 5.II.1955, Service Forestier 13470(P, TEF). — Col desTapia, route d’Ihosy àTuléar, [ 22°47’S, 45°01’E], 1000-1300 m, Aubréville s. n. (P). — Idem, a region of rocky wooded hills 48 kmnorth of Ambositra, [ 20°15’S, 47°09’E], 1300-1400 m, 24.I.1975, Croat 29348(MO, TAN). — Croat 29356(MO, TAN) — Idem, Haute Sahatsio, 1600 m, 24.XII.1928, Humbert 7110(K, P, TAN). — 20.VII.1928, Humbert & Swingle 4655(P). — Idem, PK 200 entre Antsirabe et Ambositra, II.1960, Keraudren 104(P). — Idem, près d’Ilaka, 1500 m, 26.X.1960, Léandri 3327(P). — Idem, massif de l’Isalo, second col des Tapia, entre Ranohira et Sakaraha, [ 22°47’S, 45°01’E], 1000-1300 m, 21.XI.1960, Léandri & Saboureau 3962(P). — Idem, premier col des Tapia, Ambositra, [ 20°15’S, 47°01’E], V.1969, Morat 3174(TAN). — Faliarivo, [ 20°39’S, 47°07’E], 24.I.1956, Descoings 2036(TAN). — 1600 m, III.1934, Humbert 14494(P). — Humbert 14495(MO, P). — 15.I.1955, Humbert & Capuron 28012(MO, P). — Idem, lisières de la forêt de Faliarivo, 15.I.1955, Service Forestier 11546(P, TEF). — Ilaka, [ 20°15’S, 47°09’E], 27.III.1952, Service Forestier 4632(P, TEF). — Itremo, [ 20°34’21”S, 46°34’54”E], I.1964, Bosser 18876(P, TAN). — Idem, montagnes à l’ouest d’Itremo, [ 20°35’S, 46°38’E], 1500- 1700 m, 17.I-22.IV.1955, Humbert 30021(MO, P). — Idem, [ 20°32’S, 46°33’E], 1.XII.1970, Keraudren- Aymonin & Aymonin 25756(P); Keraudren-Aymonin & Aymonin 25756bis(P); Keraudren-Aymonin & Aymonin 25780(P); Keraudren-Aymonin & Aymonin 25784(P). — Idem, eastern margin of the Itremo massif, c. 19 kmwest of Ambatofinanadrahana, 20°34’21”S, 46°3454”E, 1580 m,   11.III.2000,  Schatzet al. 3982( MO);  Schatzet al. 3985( MO). — Itremo, [ 20°32’S, 46°33’E],   4.III.1955,  Service Forestier13994( MO, P, TEF). —  Idem, aux environs du col de l’Itremo, [ 20°36’S, 46°34’E],  1600-1700 m,   27.XI.1969,  Service Forestier28895( P, TEF). — Ivato, 12 kmà l’ouest d’Ivato, piste d’Ambatofinandrahana, [ 20°40’S, 47°08’E],  VI .1969,  Morat3316( TAN). —  Idem, 12 kmà l’ouest d’Ivato, route de Morondava,   XI.1970,  Morat3676( P, TAN). — Parcnational d’Isalo, [ 22°11’S, 45°10’E],   1.XI.1940,  Decary16335( P). —  Idem, traversée de l’Isalo Nord, à l’est de Sahanafa, [ 22°19’S, 45°18’E],  1000 m,   28.XI-4.XII.1946,  Humbert19543( P). —  Idem, à l’ouest de Ranohira, [ 22°11’S, 45°10’E],  800-1250 m,   29.I-2.II.1955,  Humbert29819( P). —  1000-1300 m,   19.XI.1960,  Léandri& Saboureau3933( P). —   19.XI.1960,  Réserves Naturelles11222( P). — Ranomafana, 20°30’43”S, 46°46’31”E,  1475 m,   7.II.2001,  Andriamihajarivoet al. 38( MO, TAN, TEF). —  Andriamihajarivoet al. 39( MO, TAN). — Sahambano, PK20, route de Ihosyà Ivohibe, [ 22°29’S, 46°16’E],  V .1973,  Morat4254bis( P, TAN). — Sahatsiho-Ambohimanjaka, entre Antsirabeet Ambositra, PK 202, [ 20°11’S, 47°05’E],  1400 m,   IX.1956,  Bosser9967( MO, P, TAN). — Vatomitombo, au sud d’Antsirabe, [ 20°14’S, 47°06’E],  1800 m, 3.V .1961,  Service Forestier23496(K, MO, P, TEF). — Prov. Toamasina, Analarohy, au nord d’Andilamena, [ 16°48’S, 48°32’E],  1000 m,   XI.1922,  Perrier de la Bâthie15006( P). — Mangoro, [ 18°53’S, 48°07’E],  800 m,   VIII.1912,  Perrier de la Bâthie3003( P). — Tampoketsa d’Anosibe, [ 18°09’S, 49°23’E],  1500 m, 5.V .1967,  Service Forestier26307(P, TEF). — Withoutprecise locality,  Baron947(K, P);  Baron1873(K, P);  Baron5119(K, P). — 23.V .1931,  Basses. n. (P). — 23.I .1975,  Croat29208(MO). —  Le Myre de Vilerss. n. (P). —  Perrier de la Bâthie13606(P). DESCRIPTION Shrubs; young and older twigs pubescent. Leaf blades glossy dark green above, light green beneath, elliptic or occasionally ovate, 0.5-2.5 × 0.3-2 cm, chartaceous to sometimes subcoriaceous, sparsely pubescent above, densely pubescent beneath, base rounded, margin plane, apex retuse or occasionally acute, midrib light brown, flat above, slightly raised beneath, secondary veins indistinct, 6-12 per side, 1-2.5 mmapart, looping 0.2-1 mmfrom the margin; petiole 0.7-3 mmlong, pubescent. Flowers solitary or in inflorescences, terminal, with 2 flowers; peduncle 1-2 mmlong, pubescent, pedicel 1-2 mmlong, pubescent. Involucre brown, cupulate, 2-6 × 3-9 mm, with short brown tomentum interspersed with dense white trichomes, teeth 14-28, 0.4-2.4 mmlong; flowers 11-22 mmlong at anthesis from apex of pedicel to apex of petals; sepals oblong, 4-8 × 3-6 mm, deeply emarginate, exserted 2-4 mmbeyond the involucre; petals pink fading to white, oblong, 9-22 × 4-9 mm, exceeding the involucre by 13-16 mm; disc 2-2.5 mmtall; stamens 25-35, 6.5-13 mmlong; ovary globose, 3 mmhigh, style 6-13 mmlong, pubescent, stigma 0.4-1.4 mmwide. Fruits globose to subglobose, 5-9 × 5-10 mm, exceeding the accrescent involucre by 4-7 mm; seeds brown, ovoid, 2-3 mmlong, 2-11 per fruit. PHENOLOGY Flowering and fruiting all year round; peaking from September to April. VERNACULAR NAMES Hatsikana, Katikana. HABITAT Evergreen sclerophyllous  Uapaca bojeriBaill.(tapia) woodland on various rocky substrates up to 2000 melevation within the subhumid bioclimatic zone.  DISTRIBUTION Central region of Madagascarfrom Miarinarivo- Arivonimamo to Isalo National Park ( Fig. 2).  REMARKS   Xerochlamys bojerianacan be recognized by its small (< 3 cmlong), elliptic to ovate leaf blades covered with sparse white trichomes on both surfaces, and its flowers with pink petals. This species differs from  X. undulataby its short petiole (< 3 mmlong vs. 3-7 mm), the length to width ratio of the elliptic leaf blades (3:1 vs. 2:1), its plane (vs. undulate) leaf margin, and its pink (vs. pale yellow to white) flowers.  Xerochlamys bojerianacan be distinguished from  X. ellipticamost easily by its having trichomes on the leaf blades (vs. entirely glabrous).  FIG. 2. — Distributions of  Xerochlamys bojeriana(Baill.) Baker(●) and  X. coriaceaHong-Wa (★) mapped on the bioclimatic zones of Madagascar (after Cornet [1974], simplified by Schatz [2000]). Previous authors such as Perrier de la Bâthie (1931)and Cavaco (1952a, b) circumscribed  Xerochlamys bojerianavery broadly to include material assigned here to  X. ellipticaand  X. undulata. The present circumscription includes the typesof three previously described taxa: 1) Baron 134, the typeof  X. pilosa, has small (≤ 1 cmlong) elliptic, pubescent leaf blades with acute apices; 2) Grandidier 63, the typeof  Sarcolaena grandidieri, whose leaf blades are ovate and more or less glabrous; and 3) Baron 5112, the typeof  X. pubescens, whose leaves are larger (≥ 2 cmlong), ovate and pubescent. Although these typesseem to represent distinct morphological forms and other collections can be associated with each one, there are also intermediates between them, and when taken together they form a coherent albeit variable group. The specimen of Perrier de la Bâthiebearing the number 13988has been reassigned the number 13938based on information from the collector’s fieldbook, in which the number 13988refers to a species of  AngraecumBorywhereas 13938refers to a species of  Xerochlamys. Moreover, labels of the specimen bearing the number 13988have been overwritten, adding further support for reassigning it to 13938(P. B. Phillipson pers. comm.). Specimens of Perrier de la Bâthie 13989cited by Cavaco (1952b)and referred to as  Xerochlamys bojerianahave not been located and their identity remains uncertain. CONSERVATION STATUS With an extent of occurrence of 36 055 km2 and an area of occupancy of 2900 km 2,  Xerochlamys bojerianais provisionally considered to be Least Concern (LC) as it is widely distributed and occurs in many protected areas. However, the potential habitat of this species is locally threatened by mostly annual fires. 4.  Xerochlamys coriaceaHong-Wa, sp. nov. ( Fig. 3)   Arbuscula, foliis ellipticis pubinervis coriaceis ad apices obtusis et ad bases attenuatis, floribus axillaribus, involucro albo piloso 12-24 dentato, fructibus globosis polyspermis.    TYPUS. —  Madagascar. Prov. Toliara, above Ankoba village, near east edge of Andohahela National Park, Parcel1, transitional forest along ridge above village, 24°46’4’5’’  S, 46°43’17’’E,  675 m, 22.I.2008, fl.,  Lowryet al. 6966(holo-, MO!; iso-, G, K, MO!, P!, TAN).   PARATYPES. —  Madagascar. Prov. Fianarantsoa, Malazarivo, [ 21°57’S, 46°36’E],  17.II.1955,  Service Forestier13769( K, P, TEF). —  Réservenaturelle intégrale d’Andringitra, [ 22°07’S, 46°46’E],  1200 m,  IV.1921,  Perrier de la Bâthie13604( P). —   26.XII.1952,  Réserves Naturelles4877( MO, P, TAN). —   16. V.1955,  Réserves Naturelles7179( P, TEF). —   23.XI.1955,  Réserves Naturelles7495( P, TEF). —  Prov. Toliara, Ampandrandava, [ 24°05’S, 45°41’E],  1100 m,   I.1943,  Herbier du Jardin Botanique de Tananarive5823( P). —   IV.1943,  Herbier du Jardin Botanique de Tananarive6412( P). —   Idem, environs d’Ampandrandava, entre BekilyetTsivory,   I.1943,  Seyrig454( P). —   IV.1943,  Seyrig454 B( P). —  Analamary, proche du village Fenoarivo, [ 23°13’S, 45°50’E],  800 m,  22.X.1954,  Service Forestier12129( P, TEF). —  Bekily, [ 24°13’S, 45°19’E],  400 m,  14. I.1954,  Service Forestier8394( P, TEF). —  Imonty, bassin de réception de la Mananara, affluent du Mandrare, pentes occidentales des montagnes entre l’Andohahela et l’Elakelaka, [ 24°48’S, 46°41’E],  900-950 m,  II.1934,  Humbert14098( P). —  Ivakoany, [ 23°49’S, 46°23’E],  12.IV.1954,  Service Forestier10200( P, TEF). —  Mahamavo, bassin de réception de la Mananara, affluent du Mandrare, pentes occidentales des montagnes entre l’Andohahela et l’Elakelaka, [ 24°45’S, 46°43’E],  450 m, I-II.1934,  Humbert13756( P). —  Mt. Vohitrosy, vallée moyenne du Mandrareprès d’Anadabolava, [ 24°16’S, 46°43’E],  800-850 m,  XII.1933,  Humbert12680( K, MO, P). —  Réservenaturelle intégrale d’Andohahela, [24°31’- 24°53’S, 46°37- 46°52’E],  6. I.1951,  Réserves Naturelles2759( MO, P, TAN). —   7.VIII.1955,  Réserves Naturelles7476( P, TEF). —   Idem, sur la crête du Vataza, au sud-est d’Imonty,  16. I.1963,  Service Forestier22452( K, P, TEF). —  Vohidava, vallée moyenne du Mandrareprès d’Anadabolava, [ 24°09’S, 46°15’E],  750-810 m,  XII.1933,  Humbert12618( P). —   6.XI.1963,  Service Forestier22599( P, TEF). —  Vohipola, au nord de Betroka, [ 23°08’S, 46°05’E],  1100-1300 m,  XI.1933,  Humbert11633( P). DESCRIPTION Trees 4-8 mtall, trunk to 20 cmdbh; young twigs slightly tomentose, older twigs glabrous. Leaf blades  FIG. 3. —  Xerochlamys coriaceaHong-Wa: A, leaf; B, flowering branch; C, flower buds; D, fruit with and without involucre. Humbert 12680. Scale bars: A, C, D, 5 mm; B, 1 cm. light green above, darker green beneath, elliptic to narrowly ovate, 3-6 × 1-2 cm, coriaceous, rarely with trichomes on the abaxial midvein, base truncate to sometimes attenuate, margin irregularly undulate, apex obtuse to occasionally retuse, midrib green to yellowish, slightly raised above, distinctly raised beneath, secondary veins distinct, 7-12 per side, 2-6 mmapart, looping 0.5-2 mmfrom the margin; petiole 4-12 mmlong, with sparse trichomes. Flowers solitary or in inflorescences, axillary, with 2 or 3 flowers; peduncle 1-2 mmlong, glabrous, pedicel 1-2 mmlong, glabrous. Involucre green, cupulate, 3-6 × 4-10 mm, brown tomentose when young with a few white trichomes, teeth 12-24, 0.8-2 mmlong; flowers 19-30 mmlong at anthesis from apex of pedicel to apex of petals; sepals obovate, 6-8 × 4-7 mm, slightly emarginate, exserted 2-5 mmbeyond the involucre; petals white, obovate, 13-21 × 6-12 mm, exceeding the involucre by 10- 15 mm; disc 1.7-2 mmtall; stamens 18-42, 8.4- 19 mmlong; ovary globose, 3-3.4 mmhigh, style 6.5-16.3 mmlong, pubescent, stigma 0.5-1.5 mmwide. Fruits ovoid, 5-9 × 6-12.5 mm, exceeding the accrescent involucre by 2-6 mm; seeds brown, ellipsoid, 2-3 mmlong, 3 or 4 per fruit. PHENOLOGY Flowering and fruiting from November to February. VERNACULAR NAMES Fotona, Hary, Kotika, Vandrozo. HABITAT In subhumid to dry forests and thickets, on metamorphic and igneous rocks from 450 to 1200 m, at the border of the subarid and humid, and in the subhumid bioclimatic zones.  DISTRIBUTION From Andohahela to near Andringitra in SE Madagascar( Fig. 2).  REMARKS   Xerochlamys coriaceais a small tree that can be recognized by its elliptic, coriaceous leaf blades borne on a long petiole (up to 12 mm). This species shows some variation in leaf size. Specimens from the northern part of its range (Andringitra) have larger leaf blades (> 4 cmlong) than those from material collected toward its southern limits, which also have thicker leaves, possibly because this species grows in less humid habitats in the south. Perrier de la Bâthie also mentioned on the label of one of his collections ( 13604) that the larger leaves were from a fertile resprouting shoot. Despite this variation in leaf size, specimens assigned to  X. coriaceaform a coherent group with distinctive features that are also geographically correlated.  Xerochlamys coriaceadiffers from  X. villosain particular by its smaller, elliptic, coriaceous (vs. ovate, chartaceous) leaf blades with irregularly undulate (vs. plane) margins, its inconspicuous (vs. prominent) secondary veins and its brown tomentose (vs. yellow tomentose) involucre bearing sparse white trichomes. Its leaves differ from those of  X. tampoketsensisby the same characters and additionally by their truncate to attenuate (vs. rounded) base.  CONSERVATION STATUS With an extent of occurrence of 22 006 km2, an area of occupancy of only 90 km2, and nine subpopulations of which two are located within protected areas (Réserves naturelles intégrales d’Andohahela and Andringitra),  Xerochlamys coriaceais assigned a preliminary status of Vulnerable [VU B2ab(i,ii,iii)]. [294,351,1491,1515] K, P Madagascar Baron Journal of Botany Betsileocountry 9 320 P00490727 1 [317,369,1644,1668] P Bulletin de la Societe & de Paris & Journal & Linnean Society & Botany Madagascar -20.616667 Grandidier 1267 46.55 Ambatomenaloha 9 320 P00389114-16 1 Fianarantsoa [878,932,1383,1407] K, P Madagascar Baron Journal Lahavohitramountain 9 320 P00389111-12 1 [675,1208,1538,1562] -19.141666 d'Antsirabe 9 320 1 Antananarivo [678,1172,1564,1589] 1966-02-16 TAN 47.525 9 320 1 [962,1209,1618,1642] -19.366667 Ambatolampy 9 320 1 [678,1210,1644,1668] 1953-02 TAN 47.4 9 320 1 2000-03-11 MO Schatz -20.533333 Itremo 1267 46.55 Schatz 11 322 1 1955-03-04 MO, P, TEF Service Forestier 1650 -20.6 l'Itremo 1267 46.566666 Idem 11 322 1 1969-11-27 P, TEF, VI Service Forestier Ivato -20.666666 d'Ambatofinandrahana 1266 47.133335 d'Ivato 11 322 1 TAN Morat Idem Morondava d'Ivato 11 322 1 1970-11 P, TAN Morat -22.183332 d'Isalo 1261 45.166668 Parc 11 322 1 1940-11-01 P Decary Idem 1000 -22.316668 Sahanafa 1260 45.3 l'Isalo Nord 11 322 1 1946-11-28 1946-12-04 1946-11-28 P Humbert 1025 -22.183332 Ranohira 1261 45.166668 Idem 11 322 1 1955-01-29 1955-02-02 1955-01-29 P Humbert 1150 11 322 1 1960-11-19 P Leandri & Saboureau 11 322 1 1960-11-19 P Reserves Naturelles 1475 -20.511944 Ranomafana 21 46.775276 11 322 1 2001-02-07 MO, TAN, TEF, V Andriamihajarivo & Sahambano, PK & de Ihosy -22.483334 Ivohibe 1260 46.266666 Andriamihajarivo 11 322 1 P, TAN Morat Sahatsiho-Ambohimanjaka 1400 -20.183332 Ambositra 1268 47.083332 Antsirabe 11 322 1 1956-09 MO, P, TAN Bosser 1800 -20.233334 d'Antsirabe 1268 47.1 Vatomitombo 11 322 1 [147,203,1247,1271] K, MO, P, TEF Service Forestier Prov. 1000 -16.8 d'Andilamena 1281 48.533333 Analarohy 11 322 1 Toamasina 1922-11 P Perrier de la Bathie 800 -18.883333 Mangoro 1273 48.116665 11 322 1 Toamasina 1912-08 P Perrier de la Bathie 1500 -18.15 Tampoketsa d'Anosibe 1276 49.383335 11 322 1 Toamasina [532,588,1379,1403] P, TEF, K Service Forestier & Baron Baron Without 11 322 1 Toamasina [235,292,1458,1482] P Basse 11 322 1 Toamasina [520,580,1458,1482] MO, P Croat & Perrier de la Bathie Le Myre de Vilers 11 322 1 Toamasina TYPUS Madagascar Prov. Andohahela National Park Ankoba village 13 324 1 Toliara [786,1043,485,509] S Madagascar 675 46.72139 13 324 1 MO, G, K, P, TAN Madagascar Lowry 13 324 1 1955-02-17 K, P, TEF Prov. & Malazarivo Madagascar -21.95 Service Forestier 1262 46.6 13 324 1 Fianarantsoa paratype 1921-04 P Reserve & d'Andringitra & Perrier de la Bathie Madagascar 1200 -22.116667 1261 46.766666 13 324 1 paratype 1952-12-26 MO, P, TAN Madagascar Reserves Naturelles 13 324 1 paratype 1955-05-16 V, P, TEF Madagascar Reserves Naturelles 13 324 1 paratype 1955-11-23 P, TEF Madagascar Reserves Naturelles 13 324 1 paratype 1943-01 I, P Prov. & Ampandrandava Madagascar 1100 -24.083334 Herbier du Jardin Botanique de Tananarive 1252 45.683334 13 324 1 Toliara paratype 1943-04 P Madagascar Herbier du Jardin Botanique de Tananarive 13 324 1 paratype 1943-01 I, P Idem & d'Ampandrandava Madagascar Seyrig Bekily 13 324 1 paratype [841,1069,876,900] 1943-04 B, P Madagascar Seyrig 13 324 1 paratype 1954-10-22 P, TEF Analamary & Fenoarivo Madagascar 800 -23.216667 Service Forestier 1256 45.833332 13 324 1 paratype 1954-01-14 I, P, TEF Bekily Madagascar 400 -24.216667 Service Forestier 1252 45.316666 13 324 1 paratype 1934-02 P Imonty & de la Mananara & du Mandrare Madagascar 925 -24.8 Humbert 1249 46.683334 13 324 1 paratype 1954-04-12 P, TEF Ivakoany Madagascar -23.816668 Service Forestier 1254 46.383335 13 324 1 paratype P Mahamavo & de la Mananara & du Mandrare Madagascar 450 -24.75 Humbert 1249 46.716667 13 324 1 paratype 1933-12 K, MO, P du Mandrare & d'Anadabolava Madagascar 825 -24.266666 Humbert 1252 46.716667 Mt. Vohitrosy 13 324 1 paratype 1951-01-06 I, MO, P, TAN Reserve & d'Andohahela Madagascar -24.883333 Reserves Naturelles 1249 46.866665 13 324 1 paratype [678,1118,1352,1376] 1955-08-07 P, TEF Madagascar Reserves Naturelles 13 324 1 paratype 1963-01-16 I, K, P, TEF Idem & du Vataza Madagascar Service Forestier d'Imonty 13 324 1 paratype 1933-12 P Vohidava & du Mandrare & d'Anadabolava Madagascar 780 -24.15 Humbert 1252 46.25 13 324 1 paratype [675,1081,1485,1509] 1963-11-06 P, TEF Madagascar Service Forestier 13 324 1 paratype 1933-11 P Vohipola & de Betroka Madagascar 1200 -23.133333 Humbert 1257 46.083332 13 324 1 paratype