Sarcolaena diospyroidea Baill. , Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Paris 1: 565 (1886) Endemic families of Madagascar. XII. Resurrection and taxonomic revision of the genera Mediusella (Cavaco) Hutchinson and Xerochlamys Baker (Sarcolaenaceae) Hong-Wa, Cynthia Adansonia 2009 3 2009-12-31 31 2 311 339   5.  Xerochlamys diospyroidea(Baill.) Baker,   Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany25: 296 (1889). —   Sarcolaena diospyroideaBaill.,  Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Paris1: 565 (1886). —  Leptolaena diospyroidea(Baill.) Cavaco, Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 2 esér., 23: 135 (1951). — Type: Madagascar, Prov. Fianarantsoa, Ambatomenaloha, [ 20°37’S, 46°33’E], 1876, fl., Grandidier 62(holo-, P! [P00047871]).  ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. —  Madagascar. Prov. Fianarantsoa, Itremo, [ 20°32’S, 46°33’E],  1700 m,  IX.1956,  Bosser10022( P, TAN). — 1964,  Bosser18876( P, TAN). —   Idem, along road between Finandrahanaand Itremo, 27-40 kmwest of Finandrahana,  1400- 1500 m,  26. I.1975,  Croat29847( MO, TAN). — [ 20°33’S, 46°36’E],  1300-1400 m,  27. I.1975,  Croat29899( MO, TAN). —   Idem, 20°36’38”S, 46°35’03”E,  1570 m,  18.VIII.2003, Hong-Wa et al. 144( MO, P, TAN). —   Idem, massif de l’Itremo, Ianasana, 20°34’08”S, 46°35’44”E,  1433 m,  23. VI.2005, Hong-Wa et al. 350( MO, P, TAN); Hong-Wa et al. 351(MO, P, TAN). — Hong-Wa et al. 352(MO, P, TAN). —   Idem, montagnes ouest d’Itremo, [ 20°32’S, 46°33’E],  1500-1700 m,  17- 22. I.1955,  Humbert28153( MO, P). —   Idem, 20°35’09”S, 46°35’46”E,  1440 m,  23.III.1999,  Labatet al. 3029( B, G, K, MO, P, TAN, WAG). —  20°35’34”S, 46°35’37”E,  1410 m,  26.III.1999,  Labatet al. 3038( B, G, K, MO, P, TAN, WAG). —   Idem, Antsirakambiaty, 20°35’22”S, 46°34’01”E,  1830 m,  27.III.1999,  Labatet al. 3052( B, G, K, MO, P, TAN, WAG). —   Idem, 20°58’45”S, 46°58’73”E,  1513 m,  23.II.2001,  Ludovic& Razafitsalama4( MO, P, TAN, TEF). —   Idem, Ianasana, 7 kmà l’ouest d’Itremo, 20°36’06”S, 46°34’18”E,  1630 m,  1.II.1999,  Messmer& Andriatsiferana750( G, MO, P). — [ 20°32’S, 46°33’E],  1300-1800 m,  XI.1970,  Morat3659( P, TAN). — [ 20°34’S, 46°38’E],  1500 m,  II.1919,  Perrier de la Bâthie12486( P). — [ 20°36’S, 46°32’E],  1500 m,  6-8.III.1999,  Rabenantoandroet al. 63( MO, P, TAN). —   Idem, route to Morondava, 42.5 kmwest of Ambatofinandrahana, [ 20°35’S, 46°36’E],  1500 m,  6.VII.1992,  A.  Randrianasolo234( MO). —   Idem, eastern margin of the ItremoMassif, c. 19 kmwest of Ambatofinandrahana, 20°34’21”S, 46°34’54”E,  1580- 1700 m,  10.III.2000,  Schatzet al. 3960( MO, P). —   Idem, Anasana, PK112, [ 20°32’S, 46°33’E],  3.VIII.1959,  Service Forestier19503( P, TEF). —   Idem, rive droite de l’Ambatorangotana, massif de l’Itremo, [ 20°34’S, 46°35’E],  1650-1700 m,  21.II.1970,  Service Forestier29042( MO, P, TEF). —  Around Ambatofinandrahana, [ 20°33’S, 46°48’E],  17.II.1938,  Decarys. n. ( TAN). —   Rauh799( TAN). —  Mt. Ambatomenaloha( Itremomassif), [ 20°37’S, 46°33’E],  1500 m,  17. I.1955,  Service Forestier11551( K, P, TEF). DESCRIPTION Shrubs to small trees; young twigs tomentose, older twigs pubescent. Leaf blades dark green above, lighter beneath, ovate to rounded, rarely elliptic, 2-4.5 × 1.5-3.4 cm, subcoriaceous, densely covered with erect golden trichomes, base rounded, margin revolute, apex obtuse to emarginate, midrib visible only beneath, secondary veins indistinct, 6-10 per side, 2.5-4 mmapart, looping 1-3.5 mmfrom the margin; petiole 2-5 mmlong, pubescent. Inflorescences terminal sometimes axillary, with 2-8 flowers; peduncle 1-3 mmlong, pubescent, pedicel absent to 0.5 mm, pubescent. Involucre brown, cupulate, 3-10 × 4-10 mm, with dense golden trichomes, teeth 18-27, 1- 3.2 mmlong; flowers 15-25 mmlong at anthesis from apex of pedicel to apex of petals; sepals oblong, 6-10 × 3-7 mm, deeply emarginate, exserted 1-4 mmbeyond the involucre; petals dark pink fading to white, oblong, 12-24 × 5-13 mm, exceeding the involucre by 9-14 mm; disc 2-3 mmtall; stamens 20-44, 8- 17 mmlong; ovary ovoid, 3 mmhigh, style 6-14 mmlong, pubescent, stigma 0.5-1 mmwide. Fruits subglobose to globose, 6-10 × 7-10 mm, exceeding the accrescent involucre by 2-5 mm; seeds brown, ellipsoid 2-4 mmlong, 3-12 per fruit. PHENOLOGY Flowering and fruiting from October to June. VERNACULAR NAMES Kitoto. HABITAT   Xerochlamys diospyroideais one of the dominant elements of the evergreen sclerophyllous  Uapaca bojeri(tapia) woodland in the Itremo massif, occurring on quartzite, marble, and metamorphic and igneous substrates from 1100-1800 min the subhumid bioclimatic zone.  DISTRIBUTION In central Madagascarin the area around Itremo ( Fig. 4).  REMARKS   Xerochlamys diospyroideacan be easily recognized by its dense golden indumentum that covers the flattened young twigs, both surfaces of the leaves and the involucre, its leaf blades less than 5 cmlong, and its dark pink flowers fading to white at maturity. The typespecimen of this species ( Grandidier 62) has relatively small (< 3 cmlong) elliptic leaf blades with an acute apex, while all other specimens collected from the same region have larger, more or less ovate to round leaf blades with an obtuse to rounded apex. However, Humbert 28153has lamina of both shapes: the specimen at MO and the one of duplicates at P have small elliptic and acute leaf blades corresponding to those of the type, whereas the other specimen at P has four fragments, three with small elliptic blades and one with larger rounded blades. Apart from differences in leaf shape and size, indumentum density varies slightly between the two forms. It is unclear whether the two entities comprising Humbert 28153represent different developmental stages of the same individual or were collected from separate plants; they are both in flower. The elliptic form is the less common of the two, but both come from the same area and are certainly variants of the same taxon, perhaps occurring in different habitats, or possibly one of them displaying post-fire morphology. Despite this variation, both forms can be easily distinguished from other co-occurring species such as  X. itremoensis, which is glabrous,  X. elliptica, which is also glabrous and moreover differs in having mostly white flowers (vs. dark pink fading to white at senescence in  X. diospyroidea), and  X. bojeriana, which is pubescent, but has white trichomes and small leaf blades (< 3 cmlong) and short petiole (< 3 mmlong). Field observations also indicate that these four species distinctly differ in growth form;  X. diospyroideais a dense, erect shrub to a small tree,  X. bojerianais a slender, erect shrub,  X. ellipticais a small tree, and  X. itremoensisis a prostrate shrub.  FIG. 4. — Distributions of  Xerochlamys ellipticaF.Gérard( Å),  X. diospyroidea(Baill.) Baker(▲),  X. tampoketsensisF.Gérard(■) and  X. villosaF.Gérard(●) mapped on the bioclimatic zones of Madagascar (after Cornet [1974], simplified by Schatz [2000]). CONSERVATION STATUS    Xerochlamys diospyroideais a very abundant local endemic from the Itremo massif, and has not been recorded within a protected area. With an extent of occurrence of 468 km2, an area of occupancy of 63 km2, and only five known subpopulations, this species is preliminarily assigned a status of Endangered [EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)]. 1956-09 P, TAN Bosser Madagascar 1700 -20.533333 Itremo 1267 46.55 Prov. 15 326 1 Fianarantsoa P, TAN Madagascar Bosser 15 326 1 Fianarantsoa 1975-01-26 I, MO, TAN Croat Madagascar Idem 1450 Itremo Finandrahana 15 326 1 Fianarantsoa 1975-01-27 I, MO, TAN Croat Madagascar 1350 -20.55 1267 46.6 15 326 1 Fianarantsoa 2003-08-18 MO, P, TAN Madagascar 1570 16 327 -20.610556 Idem 21 46.584164 15 326 1 Fianarantsoa 2005-06-23 VI, MO, P, TAN Madagascar Idem 1433 -20.56889 Ianasana 21 46.595554 l'Itremo 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1955-01-17 1955-01-22 1955-01-17 I, MO, P Humbert Madagascar 1600 -20.533333 d'Itremo 1267 46.55 Idem 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1999-03-23 B, G, K, MO, P, TAN, WAG Labat Madagascar 1440 -20.585835 Idem 21 46.59611 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1999-03-26 B, G, K, MO, P, TAN, WAG Labat Madagascar 1410 -20.59278 21 46.59361 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1999-03-27 B, G, K, MO, P, TAN, WAG Labat Madagascar 1830 -20.589445 Antsirakambiaty 21 46.566944 Idem 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 2001-02-23 MO, P, TAN, TEF Ludovic & Razafitsalama Madagascar 1513 -20.979168 Idem 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1999-02-01 G, MO, P Messmer & Andriatsiferana Madagascar Idem 1630 -20.601667 d'Itremo 21 46.571667 Ianasana 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1970-11 P, TAN Morat Madagascar 1550 -20.533333 1267 46.55 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1919-02 P Perrier de la Bathie Madagascar 1500 -20.566668 1267 46.633335 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1999-03-06 1999-03-08 1999-03-06 MO, P, TAN Rabenantoandro Madagascar 1500 -20.6 1267 46.533333 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1992-07-06 A, MO Randrianasolo Madagascar Idem 1500 -20.583334 Ambatofinandrahana 1267 46.6 Morondava 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 2000-03-10 MO, P Schatz Madagascar Idem 1640 -20.5725 Ambatofinandrahana 21 46.581665 Itremo 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1959-08-03 P, TEF Anasana, PK & Service Forestier Madagascar -20.533333 Idem 1267 46.55 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1970-02-21 MO, P, TEF de l'Ambatorangotana & de l'Itremo & Service Forestier Madagascar 1675 -20.566668 Idem 1267 46.583332 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1938-02-17 TAN Decary Madagascar -20.55 Around Ambatofinandrahana 1267 46.8 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa [114,292,1061,1086] TAN Madagascar Rauh 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa 1955-01-17 I, K, P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 1500 -20.616667 Itremo 1267 46.55 Mt. Ambatomenaloha 16 327 1 Fianarantsoa