Revision and molecular phylogeny of the spider genus Micaria Westring, 1851 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in the Afrotropical Region Booysen, Ruan Haddad, Charles R. Zootaxa 2021 2021-03-04 4940 1 1 82 98Z5H Booysen & Haddad, 2021 Booysen & Haddad 2021 [151,364,433,460] Arachnida Gnaphosidae Micaria Animalia Araneae 36 37 Arthropoda species bispicula sp. nov.   Figs 15–16, 57, 67, 121–124   Type material:   Holotype: ♀,  SOUTHAFRICA:  Western Cape: Hermanus, Fisherhaven, 34°21.430’S, 19°07.557’E, leaf litter, leg. C. Haddad,  12.I.2008(NCA 2008/453).    Paratypes: NAMIBIA:  Kunene Region: Brandberg, Gravelplain, pitfallrow 3, pitfall traps,  2120 ma.s.l., 21°10.5’S, 14°33.667’E, leg. K. Meaking/ Raleigh International,  12.IV.2000, 1 ♂ (SMN 45032).  SOUTH AFRICA:  Northern Cape: Douglas, under rocks, hand collecting,  1025 ma.s.l., 29°04.266’S, 23°47.951’E, leg. C. Haddad,  2.IV.2001, 1 ♂ (NCA 2017/1482);  Hay, Farm Rooipan, in the day, under rocks, hand collecting, 29°04.2’S, 23°04.8’E, leg. L.N. Lotz,  6.XII.2006, 1 ♀(NMBA 10306).    Western Cape: Buffels Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 34°11.4’S, 18°15.6’E, leg. C. Griswold, J. Doyen& T.M. Griswold,  25–29.X.1985, 1 ♂( NMSA 22447);  CapePeninsula, Muizenberg, Dunesto the north, pitfall traps, 34°06’S, 18°27’E, leg. R. Legg,  1–15.XII.1991, 2 ♂ 1 ♀, with 2 non-type immatures (MRAC 173647).  Other material examined:   NAMIBIA:  Kunene Region: Brandberg, Konigstein Farm, 22–day pitfallrow,  2348 ma.s.l., 21°08.8’S, 14°34.283’E, leg. K. Meaking/Raleigh International,  17.V.2002, 1 ♂ (SMN 45021); Konigstein Pan,  2340 ma.s.l.,  7.V.2000, 10 ♂(SMN 45027); samelocality,  29.V.2000, 12 ♂ (SMN 45014);   SOUTH AFRICA:  Northern Cape: Kalahari Gemsbok Park, Twee Rivieren, pitfalltraps, 26°15.6’S, 20°22.2’E, leg. E.A. Ueckermann& D. Keetch,  8–12.II.1987, 1 ♂ (NCA 87/531); Kathu, Farm Sacha, 27°42.500’S, 22°57.967’E, leg. C. Haddad,  24–27.II.2003, 1 ♂ (NCA 2017/1478); Prieska, Green ValleyNuts, Pistachio orchard, 29°40.8’S, 22°44.4’E, leg. C. Haddad,  18.IX.2001, 1 ♂ (NCA 2002/483).    Western Cape: Anysberg Nature Reserve, under rocks, handcollecting, leg. C. Haddad& R. Lyle,  23.IX.2005, 2 ♂ (NCA 2007/3982); samelocality, leg. C. Haddad,  23.IX.2005, 1 ♂ (NCA 2007/3963);  Beaufort West, Farm77, Karoo, Area4, Site2, pitfalltraps, 32°20.64’S, 23°21.24’E, leg. D.H. Jacobs,  12.XII.2007, 2 ♂ (NCA 2008/4699);  Beaufort West, Farm Juriesfontein, Karoo, Area3, Site4, 32°31.8’S, 23°25.8’E,  11.XII.2007, 1 ♂ (NCA 2008/4701);  Beaufort West, Farm Kraanvogelfontein, Karoo, Area2, Site3, 32°32.4’S, 22°59.04’E,  9.XII.2007, 1 ♂ (NCA 2008/4755);  Beaufort West, FarmNuwejaarsfontein, Karoo, Area3, Site1, 32°57.00’S, 23°23.4’E,  2.XII.2007, 1 ♂ (NCA 2008/4703);  Beaufort West, Farm Vaalkuil, Karoo, Area1, Site4, 32°48.84’S, 22°46.92’E,  6.XII.2007, 1 ♂ (NCA 2008/4700);  Karoo National Park, Sandrivier, running on ground (LR624), hand collecting, leg. J. Leroy,  6.X.1989, 2 ♀ 2 immatures(NCA 91/700);  Brandse Baai, NDC3, pitfall traps, leg. C. Lyons,  22.XI.2007, 1 ♀(NCA 2008/1984);  Cape Town, Bergvliet Flats, Diep Rivier, 34°03.00’S, 18°27.00’E, leg. W.F. Purcell,  XII.1899, 1 ♂ (SAM 6236);  Cederberg Wilderness Area, pitfalltraps,  1–1298 ma.s.l., 32°20.82’S, 19°08.1’E, leg. E. Nortje& S. Kritzinger-Klopper,  1.III.2010, 1 ♂ (NCA 2012/5050); Cederberg, Niewoudt’s Pass,  3–551 ma.s.l., 32°20.94’S, 19°00.36’E,  1.I.2009, 1 ♂ (NCA 2011/2693); Cederberg, Niewwoudt’s Pass,  3–344 ma.s.l., 32°20.28’S, 18°59.28’E,  1.X.2009, 1 ♂ (NCA 2011/2695); Cederberg, Niewwoudt’s Pass,  3–551 ma.s.l., 32°20.94’S, 19°00.36’E, 1 ♂ (NCA 2011/2694); Cederberg, Sawadee,  3– 344masl, 32°20.28’S, 18°59.28’E, 1 ♂ (NCA 2012/3549); Tierberg, leg. R. Dean,  14.IV.1998, 1 ♀(NCA 91/1220); Victoria West, Melton Wold (  83.5 kmWest of Victoria West), pitfall traps, 31°16.2’S, 22°27.00’E, leg. Entomol. Staff, III–VII.1989, 1 ♂ (NMBA 8619).   Etymology.The species name is a combination of the Latin prefix bi(two) and spicula(spines). It refers to the two retrolateral tibial apophyses that are located on the dorsal side of the palpal tibia in the males of this species.   Diagnosis.Females of this species can be distinguished from other Afrotropical species by having deeply notched copulatory openings, a continuously curved anterior hood, and short copulatory ducts. The males have two dorsal retrolateraltibial apophyses, located dorsally on the palpal tibia.   Description. Female ( holotypefrom Fisherhaven, NCA 2008/453): Measurements:TL 3.65, CL 1.65, CW 0.95, CL:CW 1.74, CLH 0.14, CLH:AME 1.97. Eyes: ALE 0.06, AME 0.07, PLE 0.06, PME 0.06, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.07, MOQAW 0.16, MOQPW 0.20, MOQL 0.21. SL 0.86, SW 0.65, AL 2.10, AW 1.10.  Legmeasurements:Palpal segment lengths: 0.48, 0.26, 0.27, 0.48. LegI: 0.86, 0.33, 0.62, 0.56, 0.62. II: 1.10, 0.33, 0.76, 0.71, 0.78. III: 1.00, 0.46, 0.78, 0.76, 0.72. IV: 1.52, 0.51, 1.22, 1.37, 0.92. TLoflegs (I–IV): 2.99, 3.68, 3.72, 5.54; leg formula: 4321.  Colouration:carapace dark brown; abdomen dark brown to black; sternum, labium, endites, and chelicerae similar in colour to carapace; legs Iand II with femora darkened, legs III and IV uniform in colour ( Fig. 15).  Carapace:decorated with squamose setae; smooth in texture; pattern indistinct, radiating from middle towards coxae; two white lines present on posterior third of carapace; fovea absent; posterior margin indented medially; anterior margin of carapace narrowing from coxa I; PER procurved in dorsal view; AER recurved in anterior view.  Chelicerae:decorated with plumose setae. Labium:triangular in shape; cluster of setae present on tip. Endites:oblique; constricted just above halfway; anterior margin rounded; cluster of setae present on inner–apical margin.  Sternum:shield-like; broadest between coxa Iand II; posterior margin tapered to point between coxa IV. Legs:femora laterally flattened, highest at base, leg Imore pronounced in this fashion; rest of legs normal, thin; all tarsi pseudo–segmented. Legmacrosetae: Palps: 1do, 5plv, 1pl, 1do, 1pl, 1rl, 2plv, 1rlv, 4vt. LegI: 1do, 1pl, 2plv, 2vt. II: 1do, 2plv, 1rlv, 1vt. III: 1do, 1pl, 2pl, 1rl, 2plv, 2rlv, 2vt, 1pl, 1rl, 2plv, 2rlv, 4vt. IV: 1do, 2pl, 2rl, 2plv, 2rlv, 2vt, 1pl, 1rl, 2plv, 2rlv, 4vt. Legs I–IV with two rows of scopulate setae on metatarsi and four rows on tarsi. Abdomen:cylindrical in shape; decorated with squamose setae; dorsal pattern forming solid white transverse band medially on abdomen and longitudinal dotted perpendicular to former; venter similar in colour to dorsum, one lateral white stripe present anteriorly; sigilla not visible. Epigyne:in ventral view, anterior hood continuous, “M” shaped, generally recurved; posterior pockets present medially, crescent–shaped; copulatory opening bifurcated at tip. In dorsal view, copulatory duct briefly extending posteriorly, connecting to inner apical margin of spermathecae; fertilisation ducts present on inner basal margin of spermathecae, curved laterally; spermathecae globular, with flattened interior margin ( Figs 121, 122).  Male ( paratypefrom Douglas, South Africa, NCA 2017/1482): Measurements:TL 4.15, CL 2.00, CW 1.18, CL:CW 1.70, CLH 0.16, CLH:AME 2.03. Eyes: ALE 0.08, AME 0.08, PLE 0.06, PME 0.05, AME–AME 0.04, PME–PME 0.10, MOQAW 0.19, MOQPW 0.23, MOQL 0.24. SL 0.90, SW 0.71, AL 2.25, AW 1.25. Leg measurements:Palpal segment lengths: 0.78, 0.41, 0.44, 0.60. Leg I: 1.70, 0.73, 1.52, 1.14, 1.10. II: 1.55, 0.65, 1.25, 1.03, 1.03. III: 1.40, 0.63, 1.18, 0.98, 0.83. IV: 2.03, 0.71, 1.64, 1.70, 1.15. TLoflegs (I–IV): 6.19, 5.51, 5.02, 7.23; leg formula: 4123.  Colouration:carapace light brown; abdomen dark brown or black; sternum similar in colour to carapace; labium, endites and chelicerae slightly darker than carapace in preserved specimens; legs Iand II with femora darkened, legs III and IV uniform in colour ( Fig. 16). Carapace:decorated with squamose setae; smooth in texture; indistinct dark pattern radiating from middle towards coxae; posterior margin indented medially; anterior margin narrowing from coxa I; PER procurved in dorsal view; AER recurved in anterior view; eye region slightly elevated; fovea absent. Chelicerae:decorated with plumose setae. Labium:triangular in shape; cluster of setae present at tip. Endites:slanting inwards towards base of chelicerae; constricted just above halfway; anterior margin flattened; cluster of setae present on inner–apical margin. Sternum:shield-like; broadest between coxa Iand II; posterior margin tapered to point between coxa IV. Legs:femora laterally flattened, highest at base, leg Imore pronounced in this fashion; rest of legs normal, thin; all tarsi pseudo–segmented; decorated with lanceolate setae. Legmacrosetae: Palps: 1do, 1pl, 1do, 1pl, 1pl, 4vt. LegI: 1do, 1pl, 2plv. II: 1do, 2pl, 2plv, 1vt. III: 2do, 1pl, 1rl, 1do, 2pl, 2rl, 2plv, 2rlv, 2vt, 1pl, 1rl, 2plv, 2rlv, 4vt. IV: 2do, 2rl, 2pl, 2rl, 2plv, 2rlv, 2vt, 1pl, 1rl, 2plv, 2rlv, 4vt. Legs I–IV with two rows of scopulate setae on metatarsi and four rows on tarsi. Abdomen: cylindrical in shape; decorated with squamose setae; dorsal pattern similar to female, faded due to preservation; venter similar to female; sigilla not visible.  Palp:two RTAs present pre–apically on retrolateral margin, distal RTA shorter than proximal RTA, relative to tibial apex; median apophysis present on anterior half of tegulum, “C” shaped, broadened basally; sperm duct present on retrolateral margin of tegulum; embolus broadened basally, tip thin, curved retrolaterally; cymbium widest at basal third, tapering apically ( Figs 123, 124).   Distribution.The distribution of  M. bispicula  sp. nov.is confined to the more arid western parts of South Africaand southern Namibia( Map 2). 3071034378 2008-01-12 C. Haddad South Africa -34.357166 Fisherhaven 1 19.12595 Hermanus 36 37 1 1 Western Cape holotype 3071034316 SMN 45032 2000-04-12 K. Meaking & Raleigh International Namibia 2120 -21.175 Gravel 92 14.561116 Brandberg 36 37 1 Kunene paratype 3071034379 SMN 45032 2000-04-12 2006-12-06 2001-04-02 K. Meaking & Raleigh International Namibia 2120 -21.175 Gravel 92 14.561116 Brandberg 36 37 1 1 Kunene paratype 3071034392 SMN 45032 2000-04-12 2006-12-06 2001-04-02 K. Meaking & Raleigh International Namibia 2120 -21.175 Gravel 92 14.561116 Brandberg 36 37 1 1 Kunene paratype 3071034340 1985-10-25 1985-10-29 1985-10-25 NMSA C. Griswold & J. Doyen & T. M. Griswold Namibia -34.1 Cape of Good Hope 1201 18.45 Buffels Bay 36 37 22447 1 1 1 Western Cape paratype 3071034338 1985-10-25 1991-12-15 1985-10-25 R. Legg Namibia -34.1 Cape of Good Hope 1201 18.45 Buffels Bay 36 37 1 1 Western Cape paratype 3071034334 SMN 45021, SMN 45027, SMN 45014 2002-05-17 2002-05-17 2000-05-07 pitfall K. Meaking Namibia 2348 -21.146667 Konigstein Farm 92 14.571383 Brandberg 36 37 1 Kunene Region 3071034347 SMN 45021, SMN 45027, SMN 45014 2000-05-07 2002-05-17 2000-05-07 Namibia 2340 -21.146667 Konigstein Farm 92 14.571383 Brandberg 36 37 10 10 Kunene 3071034339 SMN 45021, SMN 45027, SMN 45014 [813,1327,968,995] 2000-05-07 2002-05-17 2000-05-07 Namibia 2348 -21.146667 Konigstein Farm 92 14.571383 Brandberg 36 37 1 Kunene 3071034318 1987-02-08 2003-02-27 1987-02-08 E. A. Ueckermann & D. Keetch South Africa Kalahari Gemsbok Park -29.68 Green Valley 122 22.74 Twee Rivieren 36 37 1 Northern Cape 3071034376 1987-02-08 2003-02-27 1987-02-08 C. Haddad South Africa Kalahari Gemsbok Park -29.68 Green Valley 122 22.74 Twee Rivieren 36 37 1 Northern Cape 3071034342 1987-02-08 2003-02-27 1987-02-08 C. Haddad South Africa Kalahari Gemsbok Park -29.68 Green Valley 122 22.74 Twee Rivieren 36 37 1 Northern Cape 3071034373 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 C. Haddad & R. Lyle South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034380 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 C. Haddad South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034326 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 D. H. Jacobs South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034320 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034389 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034360 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034365 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034397 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 J. Leroy South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034335 [151,1116,1436,1463] 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 C. Lyons South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034355 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 W. F. Purcell South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034348 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 E. Nortje & S. Kritzinger-Klopper South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034306 [294,1436,1544,1571] 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034309 [151,1352,1580,1607] 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034359 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034311 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034372 [810,1436,1652,1679] 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 R. Dean South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape 3071034387 1899-12 2010-03-01 1899-12 Entomol. Staff South Africa Anysberg Nature Reserve 650 -31.27 West 92 22.45 Beaufort West 36 37 6 4 2 Western Cape