New World Pholcid Spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): A Revision At Generic Level HUBER, BERNHARD A. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2000 2000-06-30 2000 254 1 348 5Y2RK HUBER, 2000 HUBER 2000 [784,995,1271,1295] Arachnida Pholcidae Chibchea Animalia Araneae 173 174 Arthropoda species araona sp. nov.   TYPES: Male holotype, 93 14♀ paratypesfrom Oruro, Dept. Oruro, Bolivia;   12,500 ftelev., in house,  Mar. 24, 1958( F. Walsh), in AMNH.  ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun in apposition honoring the Araona people who live in the department of La Paz, Bolivia. Numbering more than 20,000 people at the beginning of the century, the tribal population was down to about 60 people by the 1980s.  DIAGNOSIS: Closely related to  C. aberrans, distinguished by the wider procursus and the shapes of its distal structures (figs. 669–670).  MALE ( holotype): Total length 2.5, carapace width 1.0; leg 1: 12.9 (3.5+0.4+3.7 +4.2+1.1), tibia 2: 2.7, tibia 3: 2.1, tibia 4: 2.9; tibia 1 l/d: 33. Prosoma shape as in  C. mapuche(cf. figs. 700, 701); distance PME- ALE about 80% of PME diameter. Carapace, clypeus, and sternum light brown; ocular area only slightly darker. Chelicerae brown, basal segments unmodified except basal transverse ridge, fangs with tiny projection (fig. 31). Palps in general as in  C. salta(cf. figs. 657–658), but procursus simpler (figs. 669–670); tarsal organ exposed. Legs light brown, without rings; with curved hairs on tibiae and metatarsi, without spines and vertical hairs; tarsus 1 with ~ 17 pseudosegments; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 34%. Opisthosoma shape as in  C. mapuche(cf. fig. 699), but slightly more rounded posteriorly, gray with large blackish spots dorsally and posteriorly, genital plate brown, much wider than long; gonopore without epiandrous spigots; ALS with only one piriform gland spigot each. FEMALE ( typelocality): Total length (N = 10) 1.6–2.4 (x¯ = 2.1), tibia 1 (N = 10) 2.0– 2.9 (x¯ = 2.5). Habitus as in male. Epigynum simple flat plate (figs. 671, 673), internal genitalia with pore ‘‘plates’’ apparently forming pair of globular receptacles (figs. 672, 674).  VARIATION: Tibia 1 in 9 malesfrom typelocality: 2.7–4.4 (x¯ = 3.5). Theepigynum is quite variable in external appearance (pigmentation), but apparently much less variable internally (figs. 671–674; cf.  C. salta). Inthe specimens from La Paz, the genitalia and chelicerae appear identical, but the legs are significantly shorter: tibia 1 in 5 males: 1.7–1.9; in 3 females: 1.5–1.7.  DISTRIBUTION: Known from western Bolivia( Oruro, La Paz) and northern Chile( Tarapacá).   MATERIAL EXAMINED: BOLIVIA:  Oruro: Oruro: typesabove; same locality, same collector: no date, 23 9♀in AMNH;  Orurocity, rock pile,  Mar. 16, 1958, 33 3♀some juveniles in AMNH. Thefollowing Bolivianmaterial is tentatively assigned to the species (because of the significantly shorter legs, see above):  La Paz: La Paz,  12500 ftelev., in house,  Jan.–Feb. 1959( R. Walsh), 33 2♀; same locality, same collector:  Mar.–Apr. 1959, 13 3♀in AMNH; Dec. 1958, 1♀;  Valle de La Luna,  15 kmS La Paz, badlands (~ 16°40'S, 68°12'W),  Sept. 19, 1987(J. Coddington), 13 1♀ 1 juvenilein USNM. CHILE:  Tarapacá: Parinacota:  9 kmSE Zapahuira( 18°21'S, 69°32'W),  3620 melev.,  Feb 5, 1994( N. Platnick, K. Catley, R. Calderón, R. T. Allen), 53 7♀in AMNH;   2 kmS Zapahuira( 18°20'S, 69°34'W),  3400 melev.,  Feb. 3, 1994(N. Platnick, K. Catley, R. Calderón, R. T. Allen), 13 in AMNH;   6 kmS Zapahuira( 18°21'S, 69°34'W),  3420 melev.,  Feb. 3–4, 1994(N. Platnick, K. Catley, R. Calderón, R. T. Allen), 123 7♀in AMNH.   Chibchea uru, new species Figures 675–684  TYPE: Male holotypefrom Consuelo, Manú Roadkm 165, Dept. Cuzco, Peru; litter at rotten logs,  Oct. 1, 1982( L. E. Watrous& G. Mazurek), in FMNH.  ETYMOLOGY: The species name is a noun in apposition honoring the Uru, a fishing and foraging people who lived on floating rafts on Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. About 20 people who were direct descendents of the Uru were left in the 1980s.  DIAGNOSIS: Easily distinguished from its closest described relatives (  C. araona,  malkini,  salta, aberrans) by the absence of AME (fig. 681), the small overall size, and by the shape of bulb, procursus, and epigynum (figs. 677–678, 682–683). The MUSM has at least one very closely related species, also from Cuzco, which differs only minimally with respect to the male palps.  MALE ( holotype): Total length 1.12, carapace width 0.48; leg 1: 2.75 (0.73+0.21+ 0.73+0.71+0.37), tibia 2: 0.53, tibia 3: 0.45, tibia 4: 0.76; tibia 1 l/d: 9. Habitus and prosoma shape as in figs. 675–676; entire prosoma ochre-yellow; carapace with shallow thoracic groove, six eyes in two triads; distance PME-ALE only ~ 30% of PME diameter. Sternum without frontal humps; chelicerae with transverse ridge basally, and tiny, slightly backward-directed apophyses on fangs (arrow in fig. 681). Palps as in figs. 679–680, coxa with distinct narrow apophysis, femur about cylindrical, with large proximal apophysis, procursus simple, serrate dorsally (figs. 677–678), bulb with prominent prolateral outgrowth and several distal elements (figs. 679, 682). Legs monochromous ochre-yellow, without spines, without curved and vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium of leg 1 at 51%; tarsus 1 with ~ 10 pseudosegments. Opisthosoma gray, with slightly darker, large spots dorsally. VARIATION: Tibia 1 in5 other males: 0.73– 0.79 (x¯ = 0.76). FEMALE: Tibia 1 (N = 6) 0.63–0.77 (x¯ = 0.68). In general very similar to male, but  Figs. 675–681.  Chibchea uru, n. gen., n. sp., male. 675. Habitus, lateral view. 676. Prosoma, dorsal view. 677. Left procursus, prolateral view. 678. Left procursus, retrolateral view. 679. Left palp, prolateral view. 680. Left palp, retrolateral view. 681. Prosoma, frontal view (arrow points to tiny fang apophysis). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (675), 0.2 mm (676, 679–681), 0.1 mm (677–678). clypeus not as high. Epigynum simple flat plate (fig. 683); dorsal view as in fig. 684.  DISTRIBUTION: Known from two localities in Dept. Cuzco, Peru.   MATERIAL EXAMINED (all in FMNH): PERU:  Cuzco: Consuelo: typeabove; same locality, same collectors, all from leaf litter: Oct. 4, 1982: 23; Oct. 10, 1982: 2♀; Oct. 12, 1982: 23 2♀(3 vials); Oct. 13, 1982: 13 1♀ 1 juvenile; Pillahuata, Manú Road at km 128, moss and litter on xeric slope, Sept. 26, 1982(L. E. Watrous & G. Mazurek), 13; same locality, same collectors, from leaf litter, Sept. 24, 1982: 1♀.  Figs. 682–684.  Chibchea uru, n. gen., n. sp. 682. Left genital bulb, prolateral view. 683. Epigynum, ventral view. 684. Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.1 mm.   Chibchea silvae, new species Figures 685–691   TYPES: Male holotype, 73 8♀ paratypesfrom Acjanaco-Tres Cruces( 13°18'S, 71°40'W), Cuzco, Peru;   Mar. 2–3, 1990( D. Silva), in MUSM.  ETYMOLOGY: Named for the collector of all the material studied.  DIAGNOSIS: Easily distinguished from described congeners by the pale coloration, the almost complete reduction of AME, and the shape of procursus and epigynum (figs. 686, 691). The MUSM has a very close, as yet undescribed relative from the same locality, which has shorter legs, dark marks on the prosoma and dark rings on the femora.  MALE ( holotype): Total length 2.3, carapace width 1.0; leg 1: 23.1 (5.6+0.4+5.9 +9.3+1.9), tibia 2: 4.0, tibia 3: 3.1, tibia 4: 3.6; tibia 1 l/d: 68. Habitus as in fig. 685; prosoma entirely yellowish-ochre, only dorsally with darker median line in thoracic groove, and light brown mark behind ocular area (fig. 687). Ocular area only slightly elevated, AME rudimentary; distance PME- ALE about 100% of PME diameter. Sternum pale yellowish, without humps; chelicerae pale yellowish, in structure very similar to those in  C. aberrans(cf. fig. 665); basal segments unmodified except proximal transverse ridge, fangs with small, semitransparent pro- jections. Palps (fig. 688) with distinct narrow coxal apophysis, fingerlike apophysis on trochanter, femur proximally with characteristic retrolateral projection, procursus as in figs. 686, 688, bulb with sclerotized apophysis and transparent membranous element on embolar division (figs. 688–689). Legs yellowish, only on tibiae brown ring distally; without spines; curved hairs on tibiae 1–3, many vertical hairs on all metatarsi, especially proximally on metatarsi 1–3; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 apparently missing in holotype, in paratypeat 10%; tarsus 1 with> 20 pseudosegments (difficult to count proximally). Opisthosoma shape as in fig. 685, pale grayish, dorsally with two small dark marks. FEMALE ( typelocality): Tibia 1 (N = 10) 3.9–4.5 (x¯ = 4.2). In general very similar to male, but without curved and vertical hairs on legs. Epigynum simple flat plate, with slightly darker arch frontally (fig. 691); internal genitalia with large, undulating pore plates apparently fused medially (fig. 690). VARIATION: Tibia 1 in 15 males: 4.9–6.0 (x¯ = 5.5). Most specimens still have tiny lenses of the AME, but in some there is no pigment left and the lenses are difficult to see. The pattern on the opisthosoma ranges in both sexes from no marks at all to four pairs of large blackish marks (in an apparently freshly molted male).  DISTRIBUTION: Known from Cuzcoand Madre de Dios( Peru).   MATERIAL EXAMINED: PERU:  Cuzco: Acjanaco-Tres Cruces: typesabove; same locality,  Mar. 1990(D. Silva), 53 in MUSM; same locality,  Mar. 12, 1991(D. Silva), 13 1♀in MUSM; same locality,  July 3, 1991(D. Silva), 13 in MUSM;  Wiñayhuaina(~ 13°07'S, 72°34'W),  2700–3100 melev.,  Feb. 9–11, 1990(D. Silva), 23 2♀in MUSM(assigned tentatively);  Parque Nacional Manú, Carretera Paucartambo–Pilcopata,  2750 melev.,  Feb. 18, 1990( D. Silva), 13 in MUSM; same locality at  2650 melev.,  Feb. 18, 1990(D. Silva), 23 4♀in MUSM; same locality at  2150 melev.,  Feb. 17, 1990(D. Silva), 13 1♀in MUSM.  Madre de Dios: Zona Reservada Pakitza( 11°56'S, 71°17'W),  July 4, 1991(D. Silva), 43 1♀in MUSM.   Chibchea malkini, new species Figures 692–698   TYPES: Male holotype, 13 4♀ paratypesfrom Sacramanto Camp, Ingavi-Coroico Rd., Yungas, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia;   July 9–13, 1964( B. Malkin), in AMNH.  ETYMOLOGY: Named for the collector of the typematerial.  DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from close relatives (  C. salta, aberrans,  araona) by the simple pointed procursus (figs. 693–694), and the longer, much thinner legs.  MALE ( holotype): Total length 2.2, carapace width 1.0; leg 1: 22.6 (5.5+0.3+5.6 +9.2+2.0), tibia 2: 3.6, tibia 3: 2.7, tibia 4: 3.3; tibia 1 l/d: 64. Prosoma shape as in  C. mapuche(cf. figs. 700–701); distance PME- ALE about 90% of PME diameter. Carapace light brown, darker medially and around ocular area, less pigment around AME than in  C. mapuche(cf. fig. 701), clypeus with pair of darker brown bands, sternum light ochrebrown, darker at margins. Chelicerae brown, basal segments unmodified, except (apparently) basal transverse ridge, fangs with small projection (fig. 696). Palps as in figs. 692, 695, with distinct retrolateral coxal apophysis, femur proximally with large retrolateral protrusion, procursus and bulb distally ending in single pointed tips. Legs light brown, with rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally), almost all hairs missing; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 13%; tarsus 1 with ~ 25 pseudosegments (distally distinct, proximally difficult to count). Opisthosoma shape as in  C. mapuche(cf. fig. 699), but slightly more rounded posteriorly, ochre-gray with some blackish spots dorsally and posteriorly. FEMALE ( paratypes): Total length 1.6–1.9; tibia 1: 3.1–3.5. Habitus as in male. Epigynum simple flat plate, brown laterally (fig. 697), internal genitalia with pair of large pore plates (fig. 698).  DISTRIBUTION: Known only from typelocality.  MATERIAL EXAMINED: BOLIVIA: La Paz: typesabove.   Chibchea mapuche, new species Figures 699–709   TYPES: Male holotype, 33 6♀ paratypesfrom Parque Nacional Cerro Nielol, Temuco, Cautin, Chile;   230 melev., wet forest,  Jan. 27, 1985( N. I. Platnick& O. F. Francke), in AMNH.  ETYMOLOGY: The species name is a noun in apposition honoring the Mapuche, the largest Amerindian tribe in Chile, known for their resiliency to external pressure.  DIAGNOSIS: Close relative of  C. picuncheand  elqui, distinguished from both by the more proximal position of the cheliceral apophyses (fig. 704), and the tip of the procursus (compare figs. 706, 712, 718); from  C. elquialso by the single bulbal apophysis (compare figs. 702, 719).  MALE ( holotype): Total length 2.8, carapace width 1.2; leg 1: 19.4 (5.2+0.5+5.3 +6.9+1.5), tibia 2: 3.6, tibia 3: 3.1, tibia 4: 3.9; tibia 1 l/d: 47. Habitus as in fig. 699. Carapace with deep thoracic groove (fig. 701), light brown with darker roundish spot and lateral margins (fig. 700), eight eyes on moderately elevated, dark brown ocular area; distance PME-ALE about 60% of PME diameter. Clypeus brown, sternum wide (fig. 705), light brown; chelicerae with one pair of large frontal apophyses (fig. 704), fangs unmodified. Palps as in figs. 702–703, coxa with roundish, indistinct retrolateral apophysis, femur with retrolateral bulge proximally, procursus as in fig. 706, bulb with single distal apophysis (figs. 702–703). Legs light brown, without rings; curved hairs on tibiae and metatarsi (mainly legs 2 and 3), without spines and vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 18%; tarsus 1 with ~ 22 pseudosegments. Opisthosoma ochregray, many large blackish spots dorsally and posteriorly (fig. 699).  Figs. 692–698.  Chibchea malkini, n. gen., n. sp. 692. Left palp, prolateral view. 693. Left procursus, prolateral view. 694. Left procursus, retrolateral view. 695. Left palp, retrolateral view. 696. Distal part of left chelicera, frontal view. 697. Epigynum, ventral view. 698. Epigynum, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (692, 695), 0.1 mm (693–694, 696–698). VARIATION: Tibia 1 in 5 males: 4.9–5.6 (x¯ = 5.2). In the material from Quintero, Valparaiso, the prosoma is significantly smaller, but the genitalia seem to be identical. FEMALE: Total length (N = 11) 2.0–3.3; tibia 1 (N = 12) 3.6–4.5 (x¯ = 4.1). In general very similar to male. Epigynum as in figs. 707–708; dorsal view as in fig. 709, pore plates very difficult to see.  DISTRIBUTION: Known from the Chilean provinces Cautin, Valparaiso, Concepción, Osorno, and the Juan Fernandez Islands (~ 600 kmoff Valparaiso).   MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE:  Cautin: Parque Nacional Cerro Nielol, Temuco: typesabove;   Valparaiso: Quintero, pitfallsin relict forest,  Oct. 2, 1968( R. CalderónG.), 13 2♀in AMNH; same locality and collector:  Mar. 26, 1968, 13 in AMNH;   Aug. 12, 1968, 33 in AMNH; ‘‘ Osorno,’’  Aug. 1977( A. Tobar), 13 4♀in AMNH;   Concepción:‘‘mouth of Bío Bío river,’’  June 8, 1980( I. Barra), 13 2♀in AMNH;   Juan Fernandez Islands: Robinson Crusoe Island: Plazoleta El Yunque, pans near Plazoletacampside,  Jan. 23–29, 1992( S. A. Marshall), 13 2♀in AMNH. Bolivia Oruro 173 174 15 14 Oruro holotype 1958-03-24 AMNH F. Walsh Bolivia 3810 173 174 1 Oruro holotype In The 175 176 14 14 La Paz Bolivia Oruro 175 176 1 Oruro AMNH Bolivia Oruro 175 176 9 9 Oruro 1958-03-16 1959-02-31 1958-03-16 AMNH R. Walsh Bolivia The 3810 La Paz Bolivian 175 176 5 5 Oruro 1959-03 1959-04-31 1959-03 AMNH R. Walsh Bolivia The 3810 La Paz Bolivian 175 176 3 3 Oruro 1987-09-19 1994-02-05 1987-09-19 USNM, AMNH Coddington & N. Platnick & K. Catley & R. Calderon & Allen Chile 3620 -18.35 Parinacota 1275 -69.53333 Valle de La Luna 175 176 9 8 1 Tarapaca 1994-02-03 AMNH Platnick & K. Catley & Calderon & R. T. Allen Chile 3400 -18.333334 2 km S Zapahuira 1275 -69.566666 175 176 1 Tarapaca 1994-02-03 1994-02-04 1994-02-03 AMNH Platnick & K. Catley & Calderon & R. T. Allen Chile 3420 -18.35 6 km S Zapahuira 1275 -69.566666 175 176 7 7 Tarapaca Peru Consuelo Manu Road 175 176 1 Cusco holotype 1982-10-01 FMNH L. E. Watrous & G. Mazurek Peru 175 176 1 Cusco holotype FMNH Peru Consuelo 176 177 1 Cusco Peru -13.3 Acjanaco-Tres Cruces 1291 -71.666664 177 178 9 8 Cusco holotype 1990-03-02 1990-03-03 1990-03-02 MUSM D. Silva Peru 177 178 1 Cusco holotype Acjanaco-Tres Cruces Peru Cuzco 179 180 1 Cusco 1990-03 MUSM Silva Peru Cuzco 179 180 1 Cusco 1991-03-12 MUSM Silva Peru Cuzco 179 180 1 1 Cusco 1991-07-03 MUSM Silva Peru Cuzco 179 180 1 Cusco 1990-02-09 1990-02-11 1990-02-09 MUSM Silva Peru 2900 -13.116667 Winayhuaina 1291 -72.566666 179 180 2 2 Cusco 1990-02-18 MUSM D. Silva Peru 2750 Carretera Paucartambo - Pilcopata Parque Nacional Manu 179 180 1 Cusco 1990-02-18 MUSM Silva Peru 2650 Carretera Paucartambo - Pilcopata Parque Nacional Manu 179 180 4 4 Cusco 1990-02-17 1991-07-04 1990-02-17 MUSM Silva Peru 2150 -11.933333 Zona Reservada Pakitza 1294 -71.28333 Parque Nacional Manu 179 180 2 2 Madre de Dios Bolivia Dept. La Paz Sacramanto Camp Yungas 179 180 5 4 holotype 1964-07-09 1964-07-13 1964-07-09 AMNH B. Malkin Bolivia 179 180 1 holotype Chile Cautin Parque Nacional Cerro Nielol Temuco 179 180 7 6 holotype 1985-01-27 AMNH N. I. Platnick & O. F. Francke Chile 230 179 180 1 holotype Cautin & Parque Nacional Cerro Nielol & Temuco Chile CHILE 181 182 1 1968-10-02 AMNH R. Calderon Chile Quintero 181 182 2 2 Valparaiso 1968-03-26 AMNH R. Calderon Chile Quintero 181 182 1 Valparaiso 1968-08-12 AMNH Chile 181 182 1 Valparaiso 1977-08 AMNH A. Tobar Chile Osorno 181 182 4 4 Valparaiso 1980-06-08 AMNH I. Barra Chile Bio Bio river Concepcion 181 182 2 2 Valparaiso 1992-01-23 1992-01-29 1992-01-23 AMNH Plazoleta El Yunque & S. A. Marshall Chile Juan Fernandez Islands 182 183 Plazoleta Robinson Crusoe Island 181 182 2 2 Valparaiso