Three new species of Ulnaria (Bacillariophyta) from the Wuling Mountains Area, China Liu, Bing Williams, David M. Tan, Lin Phytotaxa 2017 2017-05-16 306 4 241 258 Bing Liu et D.M. Williams Bing Liu et D. M. Williams 2017 [136,648,845,872] Bacillariophyceae Fragilariaceae Ulnaria GBIF Chromista Fragilariales 2 243 Ochrophyta species sinensis sp. nov.  SEM: Frustules forming colonies in bands, through interlocking linking spines ( Figs 11–13, Figs 20–22). Frustule composed of epivalve and hypovalve, each with a set of closed girdle bands. For epivalve there is a valvocopula (B1) and three copulae (B2–B4) ( Figs 11– 13). For hypovalve there is a valvocopula (B6) and a copula (B5) ( Figs 11–13). Each band possessing a single row of poroids ( Figs 11–13) that bisects pars interior and exterior, located at mid-line of each girdle band ( Figs 20, 23). Valve face meets mantle at obtuse angle ( Figs 16–22). Valves with uniseriate striae situated opposite each other, equidistant from sternum, radiating at poles, continuing onto valve mantle ( Figs 16–20). Vimines form 5–8 apically elongated areolae either side of the valve sternum, 4–6 on the valve mantle ( Figs 20–22). Often, a tiny poroid present in the terminal mantle areola ( Figs 20–22, arrows). Each areola externally covered by velum ( Fig. 19). A single rimoportula present at each pole, each a pair of simple extended lips, aligned within a shortened radiate stria ( Figs 16, 18–20). Two horn-like outgrowths located on the surface of each ocellulimbus, the latter composed of c. 30 pervalvar and 7–14 transapical rows of porelli ( Figs 19–22). Linking spines spatulate, situated at valve/mantle junction, each spine extending from a virga ( Figs 20–22). Spines attach valves face to face by interlocking ( Figs 11–13, 20–22). Mantle plaques absent ( Figs 20–22). Internally, valves possessing parallel margins, with rostrate poles; striae uniseriate almost opposite each other, composed of 5–8 slightly apically elongated areolae that radiate at apices ( Figs 26, 29). Rimoportulae prominent, possessing bilabiate structure, lying almost parallel to the adjacent stria ( Figs 27, 29).   Type:—  CHINA. Guizhou: Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve, the course of Heiwang river, near Mile Daochang, 27°49’10” N, 108°46’18” E,  494 ma.s.l.,  Bing Liu,   31 stDecember 2015, ( holotype BM! 101838, illustrated in Figs 4, 8–10, from the same specimen; isotype JIU! G201604, illustrated in Fig. 5, indicated on the slide).   Etymology:—Named after China, where the species is found.   Ecology:—The following environmental parameters were measured in the field. Electric conductivity was 54.9 ± 1.4 μS/cm, pH was 7.6 ± 0.1, and water temperature was10.4 ± 0.1 °C. Since the diatom sample was scraped off the surfaces of stones and the water electric conductivity is below 100 μS/cm,  Ulnaria sinensiscan be considered an epilithic diatom characteristic of poor electrolyte content freshwaters. 2015-12-31 BM, JIU China Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve 494 27.819445 Mile Daochang 20 108.77167 Heiwang river 7 248 G201604 2 Guizhou holotype