Oxynoemacheilus cilicicus, a new nemacheilid loach from the Göksu River in southern Anatolia (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
Kaya, Cüneyt
Turan, Davut
Bayçelebi, Esra
Kalayci, Gökhan
Freyhof, Jörg
Zootaxa
2020
2020-07-02
4808
2
284
300
Kaya & Turan & Bayçelebi & Kalayci & Freyhof, 2020
Kaya & Turan & Bayçelebi & Kalayci & Freyhof
2020
[151,460,1693,1720]
Actinopterygii
Nemacheilidae
Oxynoemacheilus
Animalia
Cypriniformes
5
289
Chordata
species
cilicicus
sp. nov.
( Figs 2–5) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7CC03542-0FE9-4E1F-84D4-60ADAA09A1E2
Holotype.FFR 15579, 54 mm SL, Turkey: Mersin prov.: irrigation canal 6 kmsoutheast of Silifke, 36.3465 33.9806. Paratypes.FFR 15560, 18, 43–55 mmSL; FSJF 4098, 5, 44–49 mmSL; same data as holotype. Additional materials. FFR 15500, 20, 33–44 mmSL; Turkey: Kahramanmaraş prov.: a tributary of stream Aksu 2 kmsouthwest of Kuyumcular, 37.4122, 36.9097.—FFR 15559, 6, 41–49 mmSL; Turkey: Adana prov.: stream Eğlence 1 kmsoutheast of Eğlence, 37.2922, 35.2252.—FFR 15576, 6, 28–52 mmSL; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: Lake Gölbaşıat Gölbaşı, 37.7978, 37.6611.—FFR 15578, 1, 46 mmSL; Turkey: Kahramanmaraş prov.: stream Aksu 4 kmnorth of Pazarcık, 37.5256, 37.3119.— FFR 1415, 5, 30–52 mmSL; Turkey: Adana prov.: stream Üçürge 2 kmsoutheast of Karaisali, 37.2377, 35.0890.— FFR 1491, 6, 31–53 mmSL; Turkey: Adana prov.: stream Üçürgeat Karaisali, 37.2611, 35.0669.— FFR 1489, 2, 40–47 mmSL; Turkey: Kahramanmaraş prov.: stream Aksu 7 kmnortheast of Pazarcık, 37.5399, 37.3477.— FSJF 2324, 4, 49–50 mmSL; Turkey: Adana prov.: stream Çakıtsouth of Salbaş, 37.0961, 35.1170.— FSJF 2432, 6, 29–48 mmSL; Turkey: Adana prov.: Seyhan Riverbelow water regula- tion doors at Yüreyir, south of Adana, 36.9757, 35.3354.— FSJF 2477, 2, 46– 40 mmSL; Turkey: Kahramanmaraş prov.: spring Evrisouth-west of Çöçelli, south of Kahramanmaraş, 37.2662, 37.1017.— FSJF 2507, 1, 53 mmSL; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: river connecting Lakes Gölbaşı and Azaplı south of Gölbaşı, 37.7904, 37.6263.— FSJF 2569, 13, 46–58 mmSL; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: stream Çelikat road south of Gölbaşı, 37.6239, 37.5034.— FSJF 2606, 20, 32–54 mmSL; Turkey: Kahramanmaraş prov.: spring Çöçellinorth of Çöçellisouth of Kahramanmaraş, 37.2811, 37.1248.— FSJF 2940, 2, 47–48 mmSL; Turkey: Adana prov.: lower part of stream Ecemişeast of Salbaş, 37.1390, 35.1423. Material used in molecular genetic analysis.FFR DNA Oxy-7-13; Turkey: Mersin prov.: irrigation canal 6 kmsoutheast of Silifke, 36.3465 33.9806. (GenBank accession numbers: MT513925- MT513930)— FFR DNA Oxy-305-309; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: Lake Gölbaşıat Gölbaşı, 37.7978, 37.6611(GenBank accession numbers: MT513931- MT513935)
Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus cilicicusis distinguished from other species of the O. galilaeusspecies group by a combination of characters, none of them unique to the species. It is distinguished from O. ceyhanensis, which is also found in the Ceyhan, by possession of an incomplete lateral line terminating anterior to the dorsal-fin origin or below the dorsal-fin base (vs. complete), a deeper caudal peduncle (its depth 1.0–1.4 times in its length, vs. 1.4–1.6), a deeper body (20–24% SL vs. 18–20), and a shorter head (head length 22–25% SL vs. 25–27). Oxynoemacheilus cilicicusis distinguished from O. galilaeus, O. pantheraand O. leontinaeby having a deeply emarginate caudal fin (vs. slightly emarginate or truncate), the flank and back posterior to the dorsal fin base covered by scales (vs. very few isolated scales on caudal peduncle, no scales in O. galilaeus), and a series of regularly or irregularly-shaped flank bars (vs. irregularly-marbled or mottled in O. galilaeusand O. panthera). Oxynoemacheilus cilicicushas usually one, rarely two, central pores in the supratemporal canal (vs. central pore usually absent in O. panthera). The new species is distinguished from O. namiriby having a shorter lateral line, usually terminating anterior to the dorsal-fin origin or slightly posterior to the dorsal-fin base (vs. lateral line terminating posterior to the dorsal-fin base, at the caudal-fin base in some individuals), a deeper body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 20–24% SL, vs. 16–20), a deeply emarginate caudal-fin with middle ray 1.3–1.5 times in the length of the longest unbranched ray in the upper caudal-fin lobe (vs. slightly forked, 1.2–1.3), and flank bars narrower than interspaces in most individuals, rarely as wide as interspaces (vs. wider than interspaces).
Description.See Figures 2–5for general appearance and Table 3for morphometric data. Medium-sized and stout species. Body deepest at about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin. Body width greatest at pectoral-fin base in male, slightly anterior to dorsal-fin origin in female. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, straight in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout roundish. Caudal peduncle compressed laterally, 1.0–1.4 times longer than deep. No pelvic axillary lobe. Pelvic-fin origin below second or third branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal-fin origin about vertical of midline between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Pectoral fin reaching to approximately 60– 70% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching anus, not reaching vertical of tip of last dorsal-fin ray. Anus about 50–70% eye diameter anterior to anal-fin origin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. A shallow dorsal and ventral adipose crest on caudal peduncle, elevated in some individuals ( Figure 2and 5b). Dorsal adipose crest reaching to vertical through posterior anal-fin base. Largest known individual 55 mmSL. TABLE 3.Morphometric data of Oxynoemacheilus cilicicus(holotype FFR 15579 and paratypes FFR 15560, n=19). The calculations include the holotype. holotype holotype & paratypes mean min max SD Standard length (mm) 54 49.6 45 55 3.6 In percent of standard length Head length 23.9 23.4 22.5 24.7 0.6 Body depth at dorsal-fin origin 22.4 22.0 20.0 23.7 1.0 Body width at dorsal-fin origin 13.7 16.0 13.7 19.2 1.7 Predorsal length 50.1 51.1 48.8 53.3 1.1 Postdorsal length 38.2 38.2 37.1 39.8 0.8 Preanal length 73.9 75.5 73.9 77.2 1.0 Prepelvic length 51.9 52.7 51.2 53.8 0.8 Distance between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origins 30.3 31.4 29.7 33.2 1.1 Distance between pelvic- and anal-fin origins 24.0 22.9 21.2 24.4 1.0 Distance between vent and anal-fin origin 3.1 2.6 2.1 3.2 0.3 Depth of caudal peduncle 16.2 13.3 11.9 16.2 1.4 Length of caudal peduncle 17.8 16.3 14.6 18.0 0.9 Dorsal-fin depth 19.7 20.3 18.0 22.4 1.1 Anal-fin height 17.7 16.1 14.1 19.4 1.1 Pectoral-fin length 20.7 19.5 18.3 21.5 0.9 Pelvic-fin length 16.7 15.2 13.6 16.8 0.8 In percent of head length Head depth at eye 58 53.9 49 60 3.1 Snout length 42 42.4 39 47 2.2 Eye diameter 20 20.3 18 22 1.1 Postorbital distance 51 47.8 44 51 2.3 Maximum head width 75 70.4 66 78 3.8 Interorbital width 34 30.3 26 34 2.6 Length of inner rostral barbel 27 26.0 23 28 1.5 Length of outer rostral barbel 34 32.4 27 37 2.8 Length of maxillary barbel 25 31.8 25 36 2.9 Dorsal fin with 8½ branched rays, outer margin straight. Anal fin with 5½ branched rays, outer margin convex. Pectoral fin with 10–12 rays, outer margin slightly convex. Pelvic fin with 7 rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin deeply emarginate. Flank and back behind dorsal-fin base covered by cycloid scales. Lateral line incomplete, with 13–23 pores, terminating at midline between pectoral- and dorsal-fin bases, slightly posterior to dorsal-fin base in some individuals. Anterior nostril opening at end of a low, pointed and flap-like tube. Posterior tip of anterior nostril reaching to posterior nostril when folded backwards. One, rarely two central pores and one lateral pore on each side of supratemporal head canal, 8–10 pores in anterior infraorbital canal, 3–4 pores in posterior infraorbital canal, 7–10 pores in supraorbital canal and 7–10 pores in mandibular canal. No suborbital groove or flap in male. Mouth small, slightly arched. Lips thick without furrows, lower lip thicker than upper lip. A median interruption in lower lip. Upper lip sometimes with a small and short median incision. Processus dentiformis wide and rounded. Lower jaw rounded, without median notch. Barbels long; inner rostral barbel almost reaching base of maxillary barbel, outer reaching to anterior margin of eye. Maxillary barbel reaching beyond vertical through posterior margin of eye. Coloration.Body with yellowish or pale brown background and a dark-brown pattern in live and preserved individuals. Dorsal head and cheek with many spots forming a mottled or marbled pattern, ventral surface of head without pattern. Flank with 9–13 dark-brown bars, narrower than interspaces in most individuals, rarely as wide as interspaces. Flank bars often anastomosed into large and small blotches especially behind vertical of dorsal-fin base. Some populations, especially in Ceyhan River drainage, with a fine brown mottled pattern ( Fig. 5d), often overlaying flank bars. Back usually with 5–7 large, irregularly-shaped brown blotches or saddles, narrower than or as wide as interspaces, back rarely without pattern or with a fine mottled pattern. Saddles on back usually separated from bars on flank, single saddles and bars confluent in some individuals. Many individuals with a dark-brown bar on caudal-fin base. Bar dissociated into two blotches or only one blotch at lower caudal-fin base. Dorsal and pectoral fins with many, small black blotches on rays, forming 1–3 narrow bands. Caudal fin with many small black blotches on rays and membranes, forming 2–4 ‘M’-shaped bands. Pectoral, anal and pelvic fins hyaline in small individuals, pectoral fin with dark brown blotches on rays in larger individuals.
Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus cilicicushas been collected from the lower Göksu, Seyhan and Ceyhan rivers, including the Gölbaşı Lakes basin ( Figs. 6and 7).
Etymology.The species is named for Cilicia, an ancient name for the southern coastal region of Asia Minor, and which existed as a political entity from Hittite times until the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia during the late Byzantine Empire. An adjective.
Remarks. Oxynoemacheilus cilicicusbelongs to a group of Oxynoemacheilusspecies in which males lack the suborbital groove present in congeners inhabiting the same river drainages ( O. seyhanicola, O. evreni, O. samanticus, and O. hamwii). It also has an incomplete lateral line usually terminating midway between the pectoral- and dorsal-fin bases, or slightly posterior to the dorsal-fin base in some individuals (vs. complete, terminating posterior to the anal-fin base in O. seyhanicola, O. evreni, O. samanticus, and O. hamwii), a deep caudal peduncle (its depth 1.0–1.4 times in its length, vs. 1.5–1.8 in O. seyhanicola, 1.7–2.1 in O. evreni, 2.1–2.5 in O. samanticus, 1.4–1.9 in O. hamwii), and a scaleless body and back except behind dorsal-fin base (vs. completely covered by scales except on the ventral surface in O. seyhanicola, O. seyhanensis , O. evreni, O. samanticus, and O. hamwii). Oxynoemacheilus cilicicusis further distinguished from O. seyhanensisby usually having with 9–13 narrow, irregularly-shaped and spaced dark-brown bars on flank or at least on the caudal peduncle, narrower than interspaces in most individuals or rarely as wide as interspaces (vs. mottled or marbled). While O. cilicicuspopulations from the Seyhan and Ceyhan Rivers have been considered a potentially undescribed species for a number of years (e.g. Geiger et al.2014), its discovery in the Göksu drainage was unexpected. The Göksu River had a biogeographic connection to the Lake Beyşehir basin in Central Anatolia, evidenced by the shared presence of the fish species Gobio microlepidotusand Seminemacheilus tubae( Turan & Bayçelebi 2019, Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2020). But the timing of this connection and any details are unknown. Oxynoemacheilus atiliis the only a member of the genus Oxynoemacheiluspresent in the Lake Beyşehir basin, and it also occurs in the Manavgat River, which drains to the Mediterranean Sea. But O. atilihas not been found so far in the Göksu River drainage. At the same time, the Göksu is inhabited by several endemic freshwater fish species with close relationships to species of the Levant and Mesopotamia. Capoeta caelestisfrom the Göksu is related to the widespread C. damascinaspecies group in the Levant and Mesopotamia, Chondrostoma torosfrom the Göksu is related to C. ceyhanensis, C. kinzelbachiand C. regium, and Luciobarbus pectoralisis found from the Göksu east to the Orontes. Oxynoemacheilus cilicicusand Luciobarbus pectoralisare both found in the Göksu, Seyhan and Ceyhan Rivers, and L. pectoraliseven ranges further to the Orontes drainage.
Turkey
36.3465
Silifke
6
33.9806
5
289
1
Mersin
holotype
[199,1279,1903,1930]
FSJF
Turkey
36.3465
Silifke
6
33.9806
5
289
FSJF 4098, 5
1
Mersin
paratype
Turkey
37.4122
Kuyumcular
6
36.9097
Aksu
5
289
6
1
Kahramanmaras
Turkey
37.2922
Eglence
6
35.2252
Eglence
5
289
6
1
Adana
Turkey
6
290
37.7978
Golbasi
6
37.6611
Lake Golbasi
5
289
1
1
Adiyaman
FFR
Turkey
37.5256
Pazarcik
6
37.3119
Aksu
6
290
FFR 1415, 5
1
Kahramanmaras
FFR
Turkey
37.2377
Karaisali
6
35.089
Ucurge
6
290
FFR 1491, 6
1
Adana
FFR
Turkey
37.2611
Karaisali
6
35.0669
Ucurge
6
290
FFR 1489, 2
1
Adana
FSJF
Turkey
37.5399
Pazarcik
6
37.3477
Aksu
6
290
FSJF 2324, 4
1
Kahramanmaras
FSJF
Turkey
37.0961
Salbas
6
35.117
Cakit
6
290
FSJF 2432, 6
1
Adana
FSJF
Turkey
36.9757
Yureyir
6
35.3354
Seyhan River
6
290
FSJF 2477, 2
1
Adana
FSJF
Turkey
37.2662
Cocelli
6
37.1017
Evri
6
290
FSJF 2507, 1
1
Kahramanmaras
FSJF
Turkey
37.7904
Golbasi
6
37.6263
6
290
FSJF 2569, 13
1
Adiyaman
FSJF
Turkey
37.6239
Golbasi
6
37.5034
Celik
6
290
FSJF 2606, 20
1
Adiyaman
FSJF
Turkey
37.2811
Cocelli
6
37.1248
Cocelli
6
290
FSJF 2940, 2
1
Kahramanmaras
Turkey
37.139
Salbas
6
35.1423
Ecemis
6
290
1
Adana
MT
Turkey
36.3465
Silifke
6
33.9806
6
290
1
Mersin
MT
Turkey
37.7978
Golbasi
6
37.6611
Lake Golbasi
6
290
1
Adiyaman