Drymusa silvicola Purcell, 1904: 152 Molecular phylogeny and revision of the false violin spiders (Araneae: Drymusidae) of Africa Labarque, Facundo M. Pérez-González, Abel Griswold, Charles E. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2018 183 390 430 6NDF2 (PURCELL, 1904) Labarque & Pérez-González & Griswold 2018 Purcell 1904 [819,1269,1631,1656] Arachnida Drymusidae Izithunzi Animalia Araneae 31 421 Arthropoda species silvicola comb. nov.  (  FIGS3D–F, 4D, 5, 7, 8–11, 21, 22)      Drymusa silvicola  Purcell, 1904: 152, pl. 11, figs 24, 25 [ ♀] [ ♂, 2♀and three immature syntypes( SAMC 871) from South Africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, [ − 34.035086,  23.046469],  March 1896, W. Purcellcol., not examined].   Remarks:Whereas we have not examined the syntypesof this species, the key, description and illustrations provided by Purcell (1904: 152–154)and the examination of topotypesleave no doubt as to the species identity.  Material examined:  4♀and eight immaturesfrom South Africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, [ − 34.033333,  23.033333],  October 1946, Malkincol., preparation codes APG-00002 [ ♀] and APG-00063 [ ♀], CAS( CASENT9021765);  two immatures, same locality, Industrial Area, [ − 34.044894,  23.077147]),  3 February 1991, collected in big tree, V.  Rothcol., CAS( CASENT9048598);  2♂and 2♀, same province, Harkerville State Forest,  19 kmE Knysna, −34.05, 23.233333,  11–13 December 1996, elev.  240 m, C. Griswoldcol., indigenous forest, preparation codes FML-00548-00549 [ ♂] and FML-00558 [ ♀], deposited in CAS( CASENT9021766);  2♂, 3♀and 11 immatures, same data, CAS( CASENT9048601);  ♂, same data, preparation codes FML-01008- 01009 and FML-01117, CAS( CASENT9048600);  ♀, same data, CAS( CASENT 9053369);  ♀, same data, CAS( CASENT9053371);  ♀, same data, CAS( CASENT 9053372);  ♂, same data, CAS( CASENT 9053367);  ♂, same data, CAS( CASENT9053370);  one immature, same data, CAS( CASENT 9053368);  one immature, same data, CAS( CASENT9053374); ten immature, same data, CAS( CASENT9048601);  2♀and two immatures, same data, CAS( CASENT9021766);  ♀and two immatures, same data, forest, hand collecting, night, P. Sierwaldcol., FMNH;  5♀, same province, Kranshoek,  20 kmE Knysna, −34.0833, 23.2333,  13 December 1996, elev.  180 m, indigenous forest, C. Griswoldcol., CAS( CASENT9021764);  ♀, same data, forest, hand collecting, night, P. Sierwaldcol., FMNH;  ♀, same province, Diepwalle Forest Station,  22 kmNE Knysna, −33.948599, 23.157369,  10–13 January 1985, elev.  1800 ft., indigenous forest in holes in tree trucks, C. Griswold, T.  Meikle Griswoldcols., preparation codes FML-01002- 01007 and FML-01011-01012, CAS( CASENT9048599);  ♂, 5♀and three immatures, same data,  11–13 November 1985, indigenous forest, C. Griswold, J. Doyen, T.  Meikle Griswoldcols., NMSA;  ♀, same data, NMSA;  4♀and two immatures, same data,  10–13 November 1985, in holes tree trunks in indigenous forest, C. Griswold, T.  Meikle Griswoldcols., NMSA;  ♀and two immatures, same data,  11–13 December 1996, elev.  540 m, C. Griswoldcol., CAS( CASENT9021761);  three immatures, Eastern Cape Province, Tsitsikamma National Park,  78 kmE Knysna, −34.023483, 23.890333,  17–18 February 2006, elev.  15 m, coastal forest, J. Miller, H. Woodcols., CAS( CASENT9023643).  Diagnosis:Females of  I. silvicola comb. nov.resemble those of  I. productum comb. nov.by the inner and outer spermathecae clustered, and the integrated plate ( Figs 10, 18, 19, 21), but can be distinguished by the epigastrium and postepigastrium plates, the dorsal receptaculum with muscle insertions and partially integrated to the (posterior) plate and the anterior ridge diffuse ( Figs 4D, 21), while  I. productum comb. nov.lacks both epigastrium and postepigastrium plates, has an integrated dorsal receptaculum without muscle insertions and conspicuous anterior ridge ( Figs 18, 19). Males of  I. silvicola comb. nov.can be distinguished from other  Izithunziby the pedipalp elongated, the ventral condyle of the patella-tibiae joint not projecting prolaterally, cymbium swollen (L ≤ 1.5× W) and 1.5 times longer than the base of the copulatory bulb, and the apex more than three times longer than the base ( Fig. 21).  Redescription female (Harkerville State Forest: Habitus CASENT 9021766; SEM CASENT 9043066; Measurements CASENT 9053369):Total length 8.8. Prosoma: length 3.49, width 2.67, height 2.18. Sternum: length 1.76, width 1.45. Leg measurements: femur: I: 9.8, II: 8.0, III: 6.74, IV: 8.72; patella: I: 0.82, II: 0.93, III: 0.92, IV: 0.97; tibia: I 9.44, II: 7.12, III: 5.85, IV: 8.4; metatarsus: I: 9.36, II: 7.6, III: 5.61, IV: 8.24; tarsus: I: 1.54, II: 1.48, III: 1.46, IV: 1.92; podotarsite: I: 0.12, II: 0.15, III: 0.14, IV: 0.14; total: I: 31.08, II: 25.28, III: 20.72, IV: 28.39. Leg formula: 1423. Opisthosoma: length 5.25, width 2.42, height 2.95. Chelicerae promargin with six bracket setae ( Fig. 3D), and a row of seven macrosetae against the triangular lamina. Cheliceral retromargin with an extra small tooth, next to the apical tooth on the cheliceral furrow. Labium dun, reddish at narrow area and white at apex ( Figs 8, 22). Pedipalpal prolateral femoral thorn thick, distally blunt ( Fig. 3F). Sternum dun ( Fig. 22). Femora and tibiae dun, patellae, metatarsi and tarsi tan ( Fig. 22). Opisthosoma colour overall dark brown, smooth, without chevrons ( Fig. 22). Epigastrium plate extending posteriorly beyond middle of opisthosoma, covered with thin setae ( Fig. 21). Postepigastrium plate triangular, swollen, just below the epigastric furrow ( Fig. 21). Lateral sclerotized grooves conspicuous, well defined, associated with the postepigastrium plate ( Fig. 21). Inner spermathecae oval. Outer spermathecae tetrahedral ( Fig. 21). Inner spermathecae duct opening to the integrated plate anteriorly, next to the outer spermathecae ( Fig. 21).  Redescription male (Harkerville State Forest: Habitus CASENT 9021766; SEM and leg measurements CASENT 9048600; Body measurements CASENT 9053367):Total length 5.93. Prosoma: length 2.73, width 1.98, height 1.39. Sternum: length 1.48, width 1.2. Leg measurements: femur: I: 11.7, II: 9.7, III: 7.6, IV: 9.8; patella: I: 0.86, II: 0.89, III: 0.83, IV: 0.92; tibia: I 11.5, II: 9.12, III: 6.92, IV: 9.3; metatarsus: I: 12.65, II: 9.9, III: 7.6, IV: 9.9; tarsus: I: 1.67, II: 1.6, III: 1.59, IV: 2.2; podotarsite: I: 0.14, II: 0.12, III: 0.19, IV: 0.16; total: I: 38.52, II: 31.33, III: 24.73, IV: 32.28. Leg formula: 1423. Opisthosoma: length 3.3, width 1.43, height 1.31. Male pedipalp: femur: 2.02, patella: 0.69, tibia: 1.04, tarsus: 0.47. Coloration lighter than in female, thoracic area pattern reduced, V-shaped mark narrower ( Fig. 21D–F). Epiandrous spigots arising in three bunches from isolated pits. Pedipalpal prolateral femoral thorn distally acute and longer than in females; femora elongated (L> 4× W); tibiae thin (L> 2.5× W) ( Fig. 21). Copulatory bulb apex elongated ( Fig. 21). In addition, the copulatory bulb apex appears slightly curved in lateral (both pro- and prolateral) and apical views ( Fig. 21).   Figure 21.  Izithunzi silvicola comb. nov., copulatory organs (♀, A CASENT-9021766; ♀, B–C CASENT-9021765; ♂, D–F CASENT-9021766). A, external female genitalia (ventral). B, C, vulva (B, dorsal; C, ventral). D, E, left pedipalp (D, prolateral; E, retrolateral). F, bulb, detail (F, ventral). Abbreviations: ant., anterior; epi., epigastrium; int., integrated; pepi., postepigastrium; recep., receptacle; sp., spermathecae. Scale bar: A, D, E, 0.5 mm; B, C, 0.2 mm.   Figure 22.  Izithunzi silvicola comb. nov., preserved specimens (♀, A–C CASENT-9021766; ♂, D–F CASENT-9021766). A–F, habitus (A–D, dorsal; B–E, lateral; C–F ventral). Scale bar: A–F, 1 mm (B, E, images mirrored).  Distribution:Western and Eastern CapeProvinces, South Africa, in Knysna-Amatola montane forests ( Fig. 5; Supporting Information, Fig. S1). [1032,1246,1734,1756] 1896-03 SAMC W. Purcell South Africa -34.035088 Knysna 1 23.046469 31 421 SAMC 871 7 3 3 1 Western Cape syntype 1946-10 CAS Malkin South Africa -34.033333 Knysna 1 23.033333 32 422 CASENT9021765 14 6 8 Western Cape 1991-02-03 V Malkin South Africa -34.044895 Industrial Area 1 23.077147 32 422 2 2 Western Cape CAS Roth South Africa 32 422 CASENT9048598 1 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT9021766 6 3 3 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT9048601 16 3 11 2 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT9048600 1 1 Western Cape [163,723,878,900] 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT 9053369 1 1 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT9053371 1 1 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT 9053372 1 1 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT 9053367 1 1 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT9053370 1 1 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT 9053368 1 1 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT9053374 1 1 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT9048601 1 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 CASENT9021766 4 2 2 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 FMNH P. Sierwald South Africa 240 Harkerville State Forest 32 422 3 1 2 Western Cape 1996-12-13 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 180 -34.0833 Kranshoek 6 23.2333 32 422 CASENT9021764 5 5 Western Cape 1996-12-13 FMNH P. Sierwald South Africa 180 -34.0833 Kranshoek 6 23.2333 32 422 1 1 Western Cape 1985-01-10 1985-01-13 1985-01-10 T C. Griswold South Africa 549 -33.9486 Diepwalle Forest Station 1 23.15737 32 422 1 1 Western Cape CAS South Africa Meikle Griswold 32 422 CASENT9048599 1 Western Cape 1985-11-11 1985-11-13 1985-11-11 T C. Griswold & J. Doyen South Africa Meikle Griswold 32 422 9 5 3 1 Western Cape NMSA South Africa Meikle Griswold 32 422 1 Western Cape [414,645,1557,1579] NMSA South Africa Meikle Griswold 32 422 1 1 Western Cape 1985-11-10 1985-11-13 1985-11-10 T C. Griswold South Africa Meikle Griswold 32 422 6 4 2 Western Cape NMSA South Africa Meikle Griswold 32 422 1 Western Cape 1996-12-11 1996-12-13 1996-12-11 CAS C. Griswold South Africa 540 Meikle Griswold 32 422 CASENT9021761 3 1 2 Western Cape 2006-02-17 2006-02-18 2006-02-17 CAS J. Miller & H. Wood South Africa 15 -34.023483 Tsitsikamma National Park 1 23.890333 32 422 CASENT9023643 3 3 Eastern Cape