Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America
Gamba, Diana
Almeda, Frank
Phytotaxa
2014
2014-09-24
179
1
1
174
42P9N
[196,412,1123,1148]
Magnoliopsida
Melastomataceae
Miconia
Plantae
Myrtales
113
114
Tracheophyta
species
radicans
Suffrutescent herb or subshrub 0.2–1 mtall, occasionally rupicolous, suberect and sparingly branched. Upper internodes( 1.6–3.8 cmlong) and cauline nodes terete, nodal line present as a moderate ridge. Indumentumon branchlets, petioles, adaxial surface of young leaves, primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes abaxially, and exterior calyx teeth densely to moderately covered with brownish-translucent sessile-stellate trichomes 0.35–0.45 indiameter, superficially appearing simple. Leavesof each pair strongly dimorphic (1:6–8); the semiterete petioles 0.1–0.8 cmlong, narrowly canaliculate adaxially, the channel obscured by the dense indumentum; larger blades 8.5–20 × 3–7.7(–9) cm, elliptic-oblong and somewhat falcate, the base obtuse to rounded and slightly oblique, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute to rounded; smaller blades 1.5–2.7 × 0.9–4 cm, ovate to ovate-elliptic or subrotund, the base obtuse to cordate, the margin entire, the apex acute to short-acuminate; firm-membranaceous; mature leaves adaxially occasionally flushed red-purple on the surface and primary vein, glabrate, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface glabrate; 3- or 5-nerved, including the tenuous marginals, with a moderate thick-callose vesicular structure at the base of the leaves abaxially where the innermost pair of secondary veins diverge from the primary vein (domatia?), areolae 1–2 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins flat. Inflorescencesan axillary few-flowered thyrsoid or dithyrsoid 3.5–8.3 cmlong, typically including a peduncle 1.5–2.6 cmlong, rarely sessile, somewhat divaricately branched from the peduncle apex, when sessile openly bifurcate from the base, solitary or paired in the axils of the smaller leaves at the upper nodes, the rachis pink-reddish to brown; bracts and bracteoles 0.3–0.5 × 0.5 mm, narrowly triangular, somewhat spreading, persistent to tardily deciduous in fruit. Flowers4-merous on pedicels (0.3–) 0.5–1 mmlong. Hypanthiaat anthesis 2.6–2.75 × 1–1.5 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1 mmlong, urceolate, constricted distally into a subcylindric 114 Phytotaxa179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA neck, bluntly 8-ribbed, reddish, the indumentum sparse, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous, the torus adaxially sparsely glandular-puberulent becoming glabrous, the glands stalked or subsessile and rounded. Calyxopen in bud and persistent in fruit, pink-red; tube 0.19–0.27 mmlong, abaxially with the same vestiture as the hypanthium, adaxially minutely and sparsely glandular; lobes 0.3–0.5 × 1 mm, ovate, the margin entire, the apex rounded, adaxially glabrescent with a few papillae; exterior calyx teeth 0.29–0.34 mmlong, bluntly triangular to subulate, callose, inserted at the base of the lobes and not projecting beyond them. Petals1.5–2 × 1.4–1.5 mm, obovate, the margin entire, the apex rounded-obtuse to somewhat truncate, white, copiously and minutely papillose on both surfaces, slightly spreading to erect at anthesis. Stamens8; filaments 1.5–2 × ca. 0.22 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 2 × 0.25–0.29 mm, linear-oblong, obtuse-emarginate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mmin diameter, cream to yellow; connective yellow, its prolongation and appendage 0.2–0.4(–0.5) mm long, the appendage oblong, obtuse at the apex, copiously gland-edged, the glands minute and rounded, mostly sessile, sparsely distributed throughout the connective. Ovary4-locular, completely inferior, 1.6–1.75 mmlong at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex 0.15 mmin diameter, somewhat depressed, glabrous to inconspicuously glandular-puberulent; style 4–4.5 mmlong, tapering distally, glabrous; stigma truncate to expanded-truncate. Berries3.8–4.2 × 4–5 mmwhen dry, globose-oblate, bright pink ripening bright blue, the hypanthial indumentum early caducous at maturity. Seeds0.33–0.38 × 0.14–0.16 mm, ovoid, angled, light brown; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side or near the central part of the seed; raphal zone suboblong, nearly as long as the corpus of the seed, extending along its entire length, ventrally and longitudinally expanded, dark brown; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries moderately channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief punctate.
Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Chocó:( San Josédel Palmar), San Josédel Palmar- Corondotoroad, ca. 16–25 kmWof San Josédel Palmar, 4°42’N, 76°27’W, 300–366 m, 14 May 1984, Luteynet al. 10482( MO, NY, US); Hwy Bolivar-Quibdó, Aroundkm 155 by Río Atrato, 5°40’N, 76°22’W, 500 m, 11 March 1984, Juncosa2427( MO); Alongroad between San Josédel Palmarand Novita, vicinity of Santa Rosaat end of existing road, 4°57’N, 76°30’W, 350 m, 11 May 1983, Croat56612( MO). Valle:( Buenaventura), Vereda Bellavista, P.N.N. Farallones, Sector Bajo Anchicayá, Zonaen cercanías de la Draga, 3°36.906’N, 76°54.107’W, 225 m, 11 January 2013, Alvearet al. 1567( CAS, COL). COSTA RICA. Boisde la vallée de Tuis, 600 m, 1 November 1893, Pittier8123( US). Alajuela: Cataratas de San Ramón, 20 February 1931, Brenes13520(F, NY); R.F. de San Ramón, Quebrada Cacical, 10°14’13"N, 84°36’22"W, 2 May 1987, Herreraet al. 588( CAS, MO); Alongroadto Colonia Virgendel Socorro, barrancaof Río Sarapiquí, 10°15’N, 84°10W, 700–800 m, 8 August 1979, Stevens13536( CAS, F, MO); Cataratas de San Ramón, 1 May 1931, Brenes13691( CR, F, NY); ( San Ramón), R.F.Camino, Entradacerca a la Estación, 10°13’N, 84°37’W, 900 m, 4 May 1991, Gómez-Laurito& Mora12056( CR, F); R.B. Monteverde, Río Peñas Blancas, Quebrada Azufre, 10°19’N, 84°42’W, 800 m, 22 December 1990, Bello2598( INB, MO); MonteverdeR., Peñas Blancas rivervalley, Atlanticslope rain forest, 10°20’N, 84°43’W, 800–900 m, 3 October 1986, Haberet al. 6077( MO); Monteverde Cloud Forest R., Peñas Blancas rivervalley, Atlanticslope rain forest, Farms of Jesus Rojas and Alejandro García, 10°20’N, 84°45’W, 900 m, 28 November 1986, Haber& Bello6435( MO); ( Río Peñas Blancas), R.Monteverde, Vertiente Atlántica. Senderoa Finca de Jesús de Novo, 10°19’N, 84°44’W, 950 m, 24 July 1987, Haber& Bello7364( CR, MO); ( Grecia), R.V.S. Bosque Alegre, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Laguna Hule, 10°17’55.456"N, - 84°12’54.057"W, 700–800 m, 28 July 2002, Kriebel& Larraguivel676( INB, MO); ( San Ramón), Noprotegida, Cuenca del San Carlos, Cursode plantas, 10°13’0"N, - 84°35’20.0001"W, 800–900 m, 11 August 2002, Kriebel908( INB, MO); Peñas Blancas rivervalley NE of San Carlos, along road from Jabillos, 10°22’N, 84°38’W, 650 m, 29 June 1985, Hammelet al. 14076( MO); ( Alajuela), Virgen del Socorro, Noprotegida, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, 10°15’25"N, - 84°10’20.0001"W, 800 m, 21 July 2002, Kriebel538( INB, MO); Cataratas de San Ramón(desecho babezas), 28 February 1931, Brenes13553( CR, F); Cataratas de San Ramón, 19 February 1931, Brenes13424( CR, F). Cartago: Areanear Pavones, about 15 kmEof Turrialba, 600 m, 7 May 1956, Williams19715(F, NY); 13 kmEof Turrialbaon the hwy to Limón, Canyon of Río Chitaría, 9°55’N, 83°36’W, 750–800 m, 10 May 1983, Liesneret al. 15417( CAS); Vicinity of Pejivalle, 900 m, 7 February 1926, Standley& Valerio47078( US); ( Turrialba), R.B. Barbilla, Cuenca del Matina, Sendero Las Quebradas, 9°57’48"N, 83°27’51"W, 500 m, 8 October 1999, Mora- Rojas& Rojas511( INB, MO). Guanacaste:( Río Chiquito de Tilarán), Río Negro valley, Atlanticslope, lower montane wet forest, 10°22’N, 84°52’W, 1400 m, 30 July 1986, Haber Bello5837 ( MO). Heredia:In forest along canyon of the Río Sarapiquí, about 10 kmfrom Cariblanco, upstream from bridge on road to La Virgen del SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURACLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 115 Socorro, 10 June 1982, Hammelet al. 12832( CAS); ( Colonia Virgen del Socorro), Ca, 5 kmEof Cariblanco, 850 m, 13 August 1974, Maas1287(F, US); ( Virgen del Socorro), Barranca del Río Sarapiquí, 700 m, 3 February 1984, Gómez-Laurito9873(F); ( Colonia Virgendel Socorro), Virgendel Socorro–Río Sarapiquí–Cariblanco, 600–800 m, 31 August 1983, Chacón& Herrera1221( CAS, CR, F). Limón:( Siquirres), Las Brisas de Pacuarito, 500 m, 17 April 1985, Gómezet al. 23375( CAS, CR); Rainforestslopes of Cerro Skoptejust Wof Río Sioriabout 7 kmbeyond Coroma, 450–700 m, 18 February 1992, Almeda& Daniel7031( CAS, CR); Floodplain of the Río ToroAmarillo ca. 6–7 kmSof Guápiles, Sof the suspension bridge, 420–440 m, 22 June 1975, Lellingeret al. 1840(F); Cordillera de Talamanca, Ridgeseparating Quebrada Cañabralfrom Río Barbilla, and slope leading down to the latter, 10°2’N, 83°26’W, 200–400 m, 4 September 1988, Grayumet al. 8750( CAS, CR, MO); Ridge between Río Chirripó and Quebrada El Molinete, Wof new highway, 10°12’N, 83°54’W, ca. 400 m, 19 July 1984, Grayumet al. 3558( CAS, MO); ( Talamanca), Amubri, Camino entre Amubri y Cachabri, margen derecha del Río Labri, 9°29’40"N, 82°59’40"W, 100–200 m, 27 June 1989, Herrera3033( CAS, CR); Alonga stream by trail between, Sitio Rangalleand Cuen, Between Cerros Jacrón& Bitarkara, 700–900 m, 25 March 1983, Hazlett5146( CAS, F, NY); ( Talamanca), P.N. La Amistad, Cuenca del Sixaola, Bratsl, Punto10 NE de Laguna Sacabico, 9°37’22.15"N, - 83°16’43.53"W, 1000–1100 m, 27 July 2007, Solanoet al. 4542( INB, NY, PMA); ( Matina), P.N. Barbilla, Cuenca del Matina, Colonia Puriscaleña, Sendero Cerro Azul, 9°59’44.9069"N, - 83°23’8.4987"W, 400 m, 7 March 2000, Mora872( INB, MO). Puntarenas:( Golfito), R.N.V.S. Golfito, Caminoa las torres del ICE, cabecera del Río Sorpresa, 5 kmal E, 8°39’25"N, 83°9’44"W, 300–400 m, 1 February 1992, Zamoraet al. 1766( CAS, INB, MO); 4 kmNE of Escuela Santa Constanza, Nof San Vito de Java, 760 m, 27 September 1968, Davidse& Pohl1275(F, ISC, US); ( Osa), R.F. Golfo Dulce, Península de Osa, Rancho Quemado, Tierra de Conservación, 8°43’0"N, 83°34’50"W, 200–350 m, 11 July 1993, Aguilar1969( CAS, CR, MO); ( Osa), Rancho Quemado, Fila División, Entre Rancho Quemadoy junta de quebrada, 8°41’40"N, 83°36’30"W, 350 m, 18 July 1991, Marín25( CR, MO); Monteverdecommunity, Windbreaknext to road, 10°20’N, 84°50’W, 1450 m, 22 July 1986, Haber5733( MO); ( Osa Peninsula), Corcovado N.P., 0 km to 1 kmupstream from Los Chiles, 8°31’N, 83°31’W, 300–400 m, 10 July 1977, Liesner3120( MO); ( Osa), R.F.Golfo Dulce, Enel valle de Rancho Quemado, ca. 15 kmal Wde Rincón, en el Sdel valle por la Quebrada Quebradonay Río Riyito, 8°40’0"N, 83°34’0"W, 200 m, 13 September 1990, Hammelet al. 17855( CR, MO); Eastern Osa Peninsula, more than 500 mfrom forest edge on the Ecoast of the Osa Penninsula, 8.70681°N, - 83.59142°W, 25 January 2003, Mayfields.n.( MO). San José:( Pérez de Zeledón), Cuenca del Barú, Fila Tinamastes, por la carretera entre Dominical y San Isidro, 9°18’43"N, 83°46’19"W, 950 m, 9 September 1996, Hammelet al. 20440( INB, MO); ( Pérez de Zeledón), Noprotegida, Cuenca del Savegre, Savegre Abajo, 3 kmNy 500 mW, de Savegre Abajo, 9°26’59"N, - 83°50’55"W, 800 m, 7 February 2001, Rodríguezet al. 6998( INB, MO, NY); ( Tarrazú), Zona Protectora CerroNara, 9°29’40"N, 84°1’0"W, 840 m, 13 Mayo 1997, Estrada& Sánchez784( CR, F, MO); ( Tarrazú), Los Llanos de Santa María, Filas Las Rejas, 9°32’30"N, 84°1’0"W, 700 m, 9 July 1997, Valverdeet al. 84( CR, MO). ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: Environs of Lita, on the Ibarra-San LorenzoRR, 550–650 m, 9 June 1978, Madisonet al. 5098(F, QCA, US); ( Quinindé), Bilsa Biological Station, Mache mountains, 35 kmWof Quinindé, 5 kmWof Santa Isabel, Nearthe Station'sshower, 0°21’N, 79°44’W, 400–600 m, 10 April 1995, Clark& Troya677( MO, QCNE, US); ( Quinindé), Bilsa Biological Station, Montañas de Mache, 35 kmWof Quinindé, 5 kmWof Santa Isabel, Mature forestin property of Sr. Rios, Sof Station, 0°21’N, 79°44’W, 400–600 m, 9 May 1995, Clark& Watt821( CAS, MO, NY, QCNE); ( Quinindé), Bilsa Biological Station, Montañas de Mache, 35 kmWof Quinindé, 5 kmWof Santa Isabel, Steepmuddy slope near large waterfall SE of Station, upstream of Stationshower, 0°21’N, 79°44’W, 400–600 m, 22 September 1994, Baas& Abbott48( MO, NY). Imbabura:( Lita), 501 m, 23 April 1949, Acosta-Solís12195(F). Los Ríos: Río Palenque B.R., Km56 Quevedoto Sto. Domingo, 220 m, 15 December 1971, McMahon4280( US); Río Palenque B.R., km 56 Quevedoto Sto. Domingo, near creek SW of station, 220 m, 31 March 1972, Vriezeet al. 4312( NY, QCA); Río Palenque B.R., km 56 Quevedoto Sto, Domingo, 150–220 m, 5 September 1972, Dodson& McMahon5099( MO, NY, QCA). NICARAGUA. Zelaya:ca. 6.3 kmSof bridge at Colonia Yolainaand ca. 0.8 kmSof ridge of Serranias de Yolainaon road to Colonia Manantiales( Colonia Somoza), 11°36–37’N, 84°22’W, 200–300 m, 13 February 1978, Stevens6418( CAS, MO); 6.3 kmSof bridge at Colonia Yolaniaon road to Colonia Manantiales of Nueva Guinea, 200–300 m, 13 February 1978, Vincelli244( MO). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Roadfrom Fortuna Damto Chiriquí Grande, 10 mifrom Continental Divide, 8°51’N, 82°10’W, 400 m, 2 August 1984, Churchill5931( CAS, MO); Alongoleoducto road between contienetal divide and Chiriquí Grande, 8°50–55’N, 82°9–15'‘W, 350–400 m, 30 April 1985, Hammel13692( MO). Coclé:( El Copé), on slope and ridge Wof sawmill, 5 April 116 Phytotaxa179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press
GAMBA & ALMEDA 1978, Hammel2434( CAS, MO). Colón: Trailfrom Alto Pacorato CerroBrewster, 9°18’N, 79°16’W, 700 m, 18 November 1985, de Neverset al. 6229( CAS, MO). Darién: CerroPirre, 762–1372 m, 9 August 1967, Duke& Elias13790( MO); Trochadesde "Rancho Frío 2" hasta un poco más abajo de "Rancho Frío 1", CerroPirre, 13 October 1989, Palacioset al. 503( CAS, PMA); P.N. del Darién, Slopes of Cerro Mali, head waters of Sbranch of Río Pucuru, ca. 22 kmEof Pucuru, 8°4.5’N, 77°14’W, 1300–1400 m, 21 October 1987, Cuadroset al. 3935( CAS, MO); P.N. del Darién, AlongSbranch of Río Pucuro, forest and ridge Sof river & up river from old village of Tacarcuna, ca. 18 kmEof Pucuro, 8°4’N, 77°16’W, 600–800 m, 21 October 1987, Hammelet al. 16389( CAS, MO); Cercaníasde "Rancho Frío 2", trocha hacia la cima de CerroPirre, 12 October 1989, Palacios& Polanco468( CAS, PMA); Bankabove the Río Paca, 26 June 1959, Sternet al. 594( MO, NY, US); Middleslopes on W side of CerroPirre, 7°57’N, 77°46’W, 550–760 m, 28 June 1988, Croat68878( MO). Panamá:( Distrito de Capira), CerroTrinidad, Límite EdelP.N, Campana, 8°44’30"N, 79°57’45"W, 800–900 m, 24 June 1994, Galdameset al. 1169( CAS, US); Gorgas Memorial Labsyellow fever research camp, ca 25 kmNE of Cerro Azul on Río Piedras, 550 m, 20 November 1974, Mori& Kallunki3291( MO); Trailto top of CerroPelado, 1000 m, 16 June 1979, Antonio1108( MO). Veraguas:( Guabal), Río Dos Bocas, about 16 kmNW of Santa Fe, ca. 500 m, 30 March 1975, Dressler5013( CAS, US). Illustration:— Fig. 22. Common names and documented uses:— Ecuador: “blueberry” ( Vrieze et al. 4312, NY!). Habitat, distribution and ecology:—Rare to common, usually found on steep riparian rocky banks in rain forests and cloud forests, from Nicaraguasouth through southern Central America to Colombiaand Ecuador( Fig. 16), at (12–) 100–1450 m. In Nicaraguait is only known from the former department of Zelaya. It is more common throughout Costa Ricaand Panama. In Colombiait has only been collected in Chocó; in Ecuadorit is known from the Pacific Andean slope. Phenology:—Collected in flower from December through October; in fruit throughout the year.
Etymology:—The specific epithet comes from the Latin radic(= a root), and might refer to the numerous aerial roots on the typespecimens.
Discussion:—This species is distinguished by its prevailingly rupicolous habit, pronounced foliar dimorphism, and dense sessile-stellate indumentum. These features are also present in its closest relative M. biolleyana, but in M. radicansthe foliar dimorphism is more striking (1:6–8 vs. 1:2), and the blade shape is different (elliptic-oblong and falcate vs. broadly ovate to subrotund). The inflorescences, although architecturally similar are fewer flowered in M. radicansthan they are in M. biolleyana. The thickened callose structure produced at the abaxial foliar base might be an acarodomatium, although it is less prominent than in M. biolleyanaand no insects or eggs of any kind where found in the specimens studied. This domatium appears to be both taxonomically and phylogenetically significant since it is present in the trio of closely related species including M. biolleyana, M. erikasplundii, and M. radicans. Conservation status:— This species would be considered Endangered ENB2ab(iii) based on IUCN criteria ( AOO). However, because it occurs in many protected zones, a status of Least Concern LCis justified. In Colombiait is protected in Farallones National Park( Valle). In Costa Ricait is protected in the San Ramón Forest Reserveand in the Monteverde Biological Reserve( Alajuela); in the Barbillaand La Amistad National Parks( Limón); in the Golfo Dulce Forest Reserveand the Golfito Wild Life Reserve( Puntarenas); in the Cerro Nara Portected Zone. In Ecuadorit is protected in the Mache-Chindul Ecological Reserve( Esmeraldas); and in the Río Palenque Biological Station( Los Ríos). Protectedin Panamain DariénNational Park ( Darién).
1894-04-11
Gamba & Almeda & Basionym & Smith.
Costa Rica
Comarca
198
Rio Jimenez
Llanos de Santa Clara
113
114
1
Limon
1984-05-14
MO, NY, US
Luteyn
Colombia
Choco
333
4.7
Corondoto
1306
-76.45
Palmar
114
115
1
San Jose
1984-03-11
MO
Juncosa
Colombia
Hwy Bolivar-Quibdo
500
5.6666665
Rio Atrato
1305
-76.36667
Around
114
115
1
1983-05-11
MO
Croat
Colombia
Along
350
4.95
Novita
1306
-76.5
Palmar
114
115
1
San Jose
2013-01-11
CAS, COL
Vereda Bellavista, P. N. N & Farallones & Sector Bajo Anchicaya & Alvear
Colombia
Valle
225
3.6151
Zona
1
-76.90179
Buenaventura
114
115
1
1893-11-01
US
de Tuis & Pittier
Costa Rica
600
Bois
114
115
1
[558,1431,1124,1149]
1931-02-20
NY
Brenes
Costa Rica
Cataratas de San Ramon
114
115
1
Alajuela
[151,1431,1159,1184]
1987-05-02
CAS, MO
R. F. de San Ramon & Herrera
Costa Rica
10.236945
Quebrada Cacical
21
-84.60611
114
115
1
1979-08-08
CAS, MO
Stevens
Costa Rica
Along
750
10.25
Rio Sarapiqui
1298
-84.166664
Colonia Virgen del Socorro
114
115
1
1931-05-01
CR, NY
Brenes & San Ramon
Costa Rica
Cataratas de San Ramon
114
115
1
1991-05-04
CR
R. F. Camino & la Estacion & Gomez-Laurito
Costa Rica
900
10.216666
Entrada
1298
-84.61667
114
115
1
1990-12-22
INB, MO
R. B. Monteverde & Bello
Costa Rica
800
10.316667
Quebrada Azufre
1298
-84.7
Rio Penas Blancas
114
115
1
1986-10-03
MO
Haber
Costa Rica
Monteverde
850
10.333333
Atlantic
1298
-84.71667
Penas Blancas river
114
115
1
1986-11-28
MO
Monteverde Cloud Forest R. & Haber & Bello
Costa Rica
Penas Blancas river
900
10.333333
Alejandro Garcia
1298
-84.75
Atlantic
114
115
1
1987-07-24
CR, MO
R. Monteverde & Haber & Bello & Grecia
Costa Rica
950
10.316667
Finca de Jesus de Novo
1298
-84.73333
Vertiente Atlantica. Sendero
114
115
1
2002-07-28
INB, MO
R. V. S. Bosque Alegre & Kriebel & Larraguivel & San Ramon
Costa Rica
750
10.2987385
Laguna Hule
1
-84.21501
Cuenca del Sarapiqui
114
115
1
2002-08-11
INB, MO
Kriebel
Costa Rica
No
850
10.216666
Curso
15
-84.58889
Cuenca del San Carlos
114
115
1
1985-06-29
MO
Hammel
Costa Rica
650
10.366667
Jabillos
1298
-84.63333
Penas Blancas river
114
115
1
Alajuela
2002-07-21
INB, MO
Kriebel
Costa Rica
Virgen del Socorro
800
10.256945
Cuenca del Sarapiqui
15
-84.17222
No
114
115
1
1931-02-28
CR
Brenes
Costa Rica
Cataratas de San Ramon
114
115
1
[624,1432,1735,1760]
1931-02-19
CR
Brenes
Costa Rica
Cataratas de San Ramon
114
115
1
[151,1302,1772,1797]
1956-05-07
NY
Williams
Costa Rica
600
Pavones
Area
114
115
1
Cartago
1983-05-10
CAS
Liesner
Costa Rica
775
9.916667
Canyon of Rio Chitaria
1298
-83.6
114
115
1
Limon
[321,1371,1844,1869]
1926-02-07
US
Standley & Valerio
Costa Rica
900
Turrialba
Vicinity of Pejivalle
114
115
1
1999-10-08
INB, MO
Rojas
Costa Rica
Barbilla
500
9.963333
Sendero Las Quebradas
21
-83.464165
Cuenca del Matina
114
115
1
1986-07-30
MO
Haber Bello
Costa Rica
Rio Chiquito de Tilaran
1400
10.366667
Atlantic
1298
-84.86667
Rio Negro valley
114
115
1
Guanacaste
1982-06-10
CAS
Hammel
Magnolia Press
115
116
Colonia Virgen del Socorro
Socorro
114
115
1
1974-08-13
US
Maas
850
Virgen del Socorro
Ca
115
116
1
1984-02-03
Gomez-Laurito
700
Colonia Virgen del Socorro
Barranca del Rio Sarapiqui
115
116
1
1983-08-31
CAS, CR
Chacon & Herrera
700
Virgen del Socorro - Rio Sarapiqui - Cariblanco
115
116
1
1985-04-17
CAS, CR
Gomez
500
Las Brisas de Pacuarito
Siquirres
115
116
1
Limon
1992-02-18
CAS, CR
Almeda & Daniel
Rainforest
575
Coroma
Cerro Skopte
115
116
1
Limon
1975-06-22
Lellinger
430
Flood
115
116
1
Rio Toro
1988-09-04
CAS, CR, MO
Grayum
Cordillera de Talamanca
300
10.033334
Quebrada Canabral
1298
-83.433334
Ridge
115
116
1
Rio Toro
1984-07-19
CAS, MO
Grayum & Talamanca
400
10.2
Ridge
1298
-83.9
115
116
1
Rio Toro
1989-06-27
CAS, CR
Herrera
Amubri
150
9.494445
Rio Labri
21
-82.99444
Camino
115
116
1
Rio Toro
1983-03-25
CAS, NY
Hazlett
Along
800
Cuen
Sitio Rangalle
115
116
1
Rio Toro
2007-07-27
INB, NY, PMA
P. N. La Amistad & Solano
Cuenca del Sixaola
1050
9.62282
Punto
1
-83.27876
Bratsl
115
116
1
Rio Toro
2000-03-07
INB, MO
Barbilla
400
9.995808
Colonia Puriscalena
1
-83.38569
Cuenca del Matina
115
116
1
Rio Toro
1992-02-01
CAS, INB, MO
Zamora
Golfito
350
8.656944
Camino
21
-83.162224
Golfito
115
116
1
Puntarenas
1968-09-27
ISC, US
Davidse & Pohl
760
Osa
San Vito de Java
115
116
1
Puntarenas
1993-07-11
CAS, CR, MO
Aguilar
Golfo Dulce
275
8.716666
Rancho Quemado
21
-83.58055
Peninsula de Osa
115
116
1
Puntarenas
1991-07-18
CR, MO
Marin
Rancho Quemado
350
8.694445
Entre Rancho Quemado
21
-83.60833
Fila Division
115
116
1
Puntarenas
1986-07-22
MO
Haber & Osa Peninsula
1450
10.333333
Windbreak
1298
-84.833336
Monteverde
115
116
1
Puntarenas
1977-07-10
MO
Corcovado N. P. & Liesner & Osa
350
8.516666
1 km upstream from Los Chiles
1301
-83.51667
115
116
1
Puntarenas
1990-09-13
CR, MO
R. F. Golfo Dulce & Hammel
En
200
8.666667
Quebrada Quebradona
21
-83.566666
Rancho Quemado
115
116
1
Puntarenas
2003-01-25
MO
Mayfield
500
8.70681
Osa Penninsula
1
-83.59142
Eastern Osa Peninsula
115
116
1
Puntarenas
1996-09-09
INB, MO
Hammel
Perez de Zeledon
950
9.311945
Fila Tinamastes
21
-83.77195
Cuenca del Baru
115
116
1
San Jose
2001-02-07
INB, MO, NY
de Savegre Abajo & Rodriguez
No
500
9.449722
Savegre Abajo
21
-83.84861
Cuenca del Savegre
115
116
1
San Jose
1997-05-13
CR, MO
Estrada & Sanchez & Tarrazu
840
9.494445
Cerro
21
-84.01667
115
116
1
San Jose
1997-07-09
CR, MO
Valverde
700
9.541667
Filas Las Rejas
21
-84.01667
Los Llanos de Santa Maria
115
116
1
San Jose
1978-06-09
QCA, US
Madison
Ecuador
Environs of Lita
600
Quininde
Ibarra-San Lorenzo
115
116
1
Esmeraldas
1995-04-10
MO, QCNE, US
Clark & Troya
Ecuador
Bilsa Biological Station
500
0.35
Station's
1308
-79.73333
Near
115
116
1
Esmeraldas
1995-05-09
CAS, MO, NY, QCNE
Clark & Watt
Ecuador
Bilsa Biological Station
500
0.35
de Mache
1308
-79.73333
Montanas de Mache
115
116
1
Sr. Rios
1994-09-22
MO, NY
Baas & Abbott
Ecuador
Bilsa Biological Station
500
0.35
de Mache
1308
-79.73333
Montanas de Mache
115
116
1
Sr. Rios
[427,1156,1628,1653]
1949-04-23
Acosta-Solis
Ecuador
501
Lita
115
116
1
Imbabura
1971-12-15
US
Rio Palenque B. R. & McMahon
Ecuador
Km
220
Sto. Domingo
Quevedo
115
116
1
Los Rios
1972-03-31
NY, QCA
Rio Palenque B. R. & Vrieze
Ecuador
220
Sto. Domingo
Quevedo
115
116
1
Los Rios
1972-09-05
MO, NY, QCA
Rio Palenque B. R. & Dodson & McMahon
Ecuador
Quevedo
185
Domingo
Sto
115
116
1
Los Rios
1978-02-13
CAS, MO
Stevens
Nicaragua
Colonia Yolaina
250
Colonia Manantiales
-84.36667
Serranias de Yolaina
115
116
1
Zelaya
1978-02-13
MO
Vincelli
Nicaragua
250
Colonia Manantiales of Nueva Guinea
Colonia Yolania
115
116
1
Zelaya
1984-08-02
CAS, MO
Churchill
Panama
Road
400
8.85
Chiriqui Grande
1300
-82.166664
Fortuna Dam
115
116
1
Bocas del Toro
1985-04-30
MO
Hammel
Panama
375
Chiriqui Grande
Along
115
116
1
Bocas del Toro
[741,1435,1988,2013]
El Cope & April
Panama
Cocle
115
116
1
Cocle
[151,525,151,176]
CAS, MO
Hammel
116
117
1
1985-11-18
CAS, MO
de Nevers
Trail
700
9.3
Cerro
1300
-79.26667
Alto Pacora
116
117
1
Colon
1967-08-09
MO
Duke & Elias
1067
Cerro
116
117
1
Darien
1989-10-13
CAS, PMA
Palacios
Cerro
Trocha
116
117
1
Darien
1987-10-21
CAS, MO
Cuadros
Darien
1350
8.075
Rio Pucuru
921
-77.23333
Slopes of Cerro Mali
116
117
1
Darien
1987-10-21
CAS, MO
Hammel
Darien
700
8.066667
Rio Pucuro
1302
-77.26667
Along
116
117
1
Darien
1989-10-12
CAS, PMA
Palacios & Polanco
Cerro
Cercanias
116
117
1
Darien
[367,1192,439,464]
1959-06-26
MO, NY, US
Stern
Rio Paca
Bank
116
117
1
Darien
1988-06-28
MO
Croat
655
7.95
Cerro
1302
-77.76667
Middle
116
117
1
Darien
1994-06-24
CAS, US
Limite E & Galdames
Panama
Distrito de Capira
850
8.741667
Campana
21
-79.962494
Cerro
116
117
1
1974-11-20
MO
Mori & Kallunki
Panama
550
Gorgas Memorial Labs
116
117
1
1979-06-16
MO
Antonio
Panama
1000
Cerro
Trail
116
117
1
1975-03-30
CAS, US
Dressler
Panama
500
Rio Dos Bocas
Guabal
116
117
1
Veraguas
AOO
Endangered EN & Least Concern LC
Colombia
However
Farallones National Park
In
116
117
1
Alajuela
Barbilla & La Amistad National Parks
Colombia
Limon
116
117
1
Limon
[262,1221,1519,1544]
Colombia
Golfito Wild Life Reserve
Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve
116
117
1
Puntarenas
Cerro Nara Portected Zone. In
Ecuador
Mache-Chindul Ecological Reserve
116
117
1
Esmeraldas
Ecuador
Rio Palenque Biological Station
116
117
1
Los Rios
[603,1213,1591,1616]
Protected
Panama
Darien
116
117
1
Darien