Hoplopholcus asiaeminoris Brignoli, 1978: 490 H. asiaeminoris Hoplopholcus patrizii Kunt et al. 2008: 684 Hoplopholcus Mar Revision of the spider genus Hoplopholcus Kulczyński (Araneae, Pholcidae) Huber, Bernhard A. Zootaxa 2020 2020-01-20 4726 1 1 94 98ZX5 Huber, 2020 Huber 2020 [151,374,153,180] Arachnida Pholcidae Hoplopholcus Animalia Araneae 39 40 Arthropoda species dim sp. nov.   Figs 122–123, 168–173, 180–193     Hoplopholcus asiaeminoris(misidentification)—  Brignoli, 1978: 490(part of the specimens listed and at least fig. 46; see Notes under  H. asiaeminoris).    Hoplopholcus patrizii(misidentification)—  Kunt et al.2008: 684.   HoplopholcusMar66— Eberle et al.2018(molecular data). Huber et al.2018: fig. 6.   Diagnosis. Distinguished from known congeners by shapes of procursus and bulbal processes ( Figs 186–191): ventral spine of procursus strongly curved toward ventrally at half length, prolateral process slender and pointed, with prolateral ridge (procursus very similar to  H. gazipasa); ventral bulbal sclerite slender in lateral view, tip of embolar sclerite with small cone-shaped processes (arrow in Fig. 190); embolar sclerite in dorsal view ( Fig. 188) wider than in  H. asiaeminoris, without subdistal process (in contrast to  H. gazipasa). Females variable and difficult to distinguish externally from congeners; posterior light median area of epigynal plate usually clearly separated from rest of dark plate (similar to  H. gazipasa); median pouch of uterus externus indistinct and not or barely visible in uncleared specimens ( Figs 171, 180, 183).   Type material.  TURKEY,  Antalya: ♂ holotype, ZFMK( Ar20927), Alanya District, Dim Mağarası( 36.539°N, 32.110°E,  240 ma.s.l.), in cave near entrance,  1.viii.2016( H. Öztürk).   Other material examined. TURKEY,  Antalya: 2♂ 3♀, ZFMK( Ar20928), and  2♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Tur59), same data as holotype.  1♂ 1♀2 juvs, ZFMK( Ar20929), same locality, 4.i.2013(Y.M. Marusik).  4♂ 4♀, ZFMK( Ar20930), and  3♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Tur57), Alanya District, Cüceler Mağarası( 36.489°N, 32.276°E,  270 ma.s.l.), in cave near entrance,  31.vii.2016( H. Öztürk);  3♂ 1♀ 1 juv., ZFMK( Ar20931), same locality, 4.xi.2013(S. Huber).    Mersin: 3♂ 3♀, ZFMK( Ar20932), and  2♀in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Tur55), Anamur District, Köşekbükü Astım Mağarası( 36.127°N, 32.760°E,  130 ma.s.l.), in cave near entrance,  29.vii.2016( H. Öztürk). Uncertain identity (see Redescription below)   TURKEY,  Konya: 1♂, ZFMK( Ar20933), and  1♀2 juvs in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Tur47), SeydişehirDis- trict, Ferzene Mağarası( 37.380°N, 31.834°E,  1400 ma.s.l.), in cave,  23.vii.2016(H. Öztürk).  11♂ 8♀ 1 juv.(3 vials) paratypesof  H. asiaeminoris, MCVR, same locality,  23.iv.1973(S. Forestiero, V. Sbordoni, P. Agnoletti).  1♂ 1♀ paratypesof  H. asiaeminoris, MCVR, Seydişehir District, “Grotta di Tinaztepe” [Tinaztepe Mağarası, 37.248°N, 31.927°E],  1550 ma.s.l.,  20.iv.1973(P.M. Brignoli).  7♂ 3♀(3 vials) paratypesof  H. asiaeminoris, MCVR, Derebucak District, “Grotte 1 e 2 di Korukini” [Körük ini near Çamlik, 37.349°N, 31.627°E,  1350 ma.s.l.],  24.iv.1973( V. Sbordoni, P.M. Brignoli, S. Forestiero).  1♂, ZFMK( Ar20934), and 3 juvs in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Tur43), Derebucak District, unnamed small “cave 1” near road ( 37.343°N, 31.622°E,  1395 ma.s.l.), in cave,  22.vii.2016(H. Öztürk). 2 juvs, ZFMK( Ar20935), and  1♀ 1 juv.in pure ethanol, ZFMK( Tur44), Dere- bucak District, unnamed small “cave 2” near road ( 37.362°N, 31.586°E,  1395 ma.s.l.), in cave,  22.vii.2016(H. Öztürk).  1♂, NOHUAM, Yeşildağ, Haccanınini Mağarası( 37.54°N, 31.46°E,  1180 ma.s.l.),  16.vii.2007(A. Topçu).    Isparta: 4♂ 3♀(2 vials) paratypesof  H. asiaeminoris, MCVR, “Grotta Inögü Ini”, Kurucaova [~ 37.69°N, 31.38°E],  1280 ma.s.l.,  24.iv.1973( P.M. Brignoli, S. Forestiero).  2♀(2 vials) paratypesof  H. asiaeminoris, MCVR, “Grotta Asar Ini”, Kurucaova [~ 37.69°N, 31.38°E],  19.iv.1973( S. Forestiero, V. Sbordoni).    Antalya: 3♂ 1♀(epigynum lost) paratypesof  H. asiaeminoris, MCVR, Akseki [ 37.045°N, 31.790°E], “Grotta Demirci Dükkanlan” (exact locality not known to me),  590 ma.s.l.,  29.iv.1973( V. Sbordoni).   CYPRUS,  Paphos: 2♂ 3♀4 juvs, CMH, Pomos Dam[ 35.138°N, 32.579°E,  130 ma.s.l.],  27.iv.2016(M. Had- jiconstantis).  1♂ 2♀ 1 juv., CJVK(2686), Livadi [ 35.102°N, 32.594°E], picnic area with large stones along rivulet and a well,  28.iv.2007( J. van Keer).    Limassol: 1♀, CJVK(2679), Mount Olympos[~ 34.93°N, 32.86°E], near ski resort in  Pinus nigraforest with large stones,  26.iv.2007( J. van Keer).  1♀, CJVK(2986), E Pano Platres, Mesa Potamoswaterfalls, picnic area Ar- kolachania [ 34.893°N, 32.908°E], stones along rivulet,  4.v.2010( J. van Keer).    Nicosia: 1♂, CMH, Prodromos [ 34.95°N, 32.83°E], inside wall of abandoned building,  10.vi.2017(M. Hadji- constantis).  1♂, CMH, Palaichori Dam [ 34.929°N, 33.126 °E,  720 ma.s.l.],  19.vi.2017( M. Hadjiconstantis);  2♀3 juvs, CMH, same data but  20.v.2016.   Etymology. The species name is derived from the typelocality; noun in apposition.   Description. Male ( holotype). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.5, carapace width 2.1. Distance PME-PME 160 µm; diameter PME 140 µm; distance PME-ALE 40 µm; diameter AME 75 µm; distance AME-AME 50 µm. Leg 1: 50.9 (13.5 + 1.1 + 13.6 + 19.6 + 3.1), tibia 2: 9.1, tibia 3: 6.9, tibia 4: 8.1; tibia 1 L/d: 63. COLOR (in ethanol). Carapace pale ochre-yellow with slightly darker median band including ocular area; clypeus light brown; sternum brown, darker medially and at margins; legs light brown, without dark rings; abdomen pale gray, with pattern of black internal marks dorsally in posterior third, ventrally with light brown area anteriorly and diffuse black mark in front of spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 122. Ocular area slightly elevated. Deep thoracic pit and indistinct pair of furrows diverging from pit toward posterior margin. Clypeus unmodified. Sternum wider than long (1.4/1.1), unmodified. Abdomen oval, dorso-posteriorly rounded. CHELICERAE. Very similar to  H. asiaeminoris(cf. Figs 144–145), with pair of latero-distal apophyses provided with two modified cone-shaped hairs each; with fine stridulatory ridges (barely visible in dissecting microscope). PALPS. As in Figs 168–170; coxa with low retrolateral hump, trochanter barely protruding ventrally, femur with transversal dark line retrolaterally and distinct prolateral stridulatory pick; procursus ( Figs 186–187) with very low ventral ‘knee’, ventral spine strongly curved toward ventrally at half length, with slender pointed prolateral process, prolateral ridge with small pointed process; genital bulb ( Figs 188–191) ventral sclerite slender in lateral view ( Fig. 189), embolar sclerite without subdistal process, with small cone-shaped processes at tip (arrow in Fig. 190); with distinct dorsal membranous process ( Fig. 189).   FIGURES 168–173.  Hoplopholcus dim  sp. n.from Dim Mağarası (ZFMK, Ar 20928). 168–170. Left male palp in prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 171–173. Epigynum, ventral view, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views.   FIGURES 174–185.  Hoplopholcus gazipasa  sp. n.(174–179) and  H. dim  sp. n.(180–185), epigyna, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 174–176. Bursa Province (ZFMK, Ar 20925). 177–179. Chalkidiki (SMF). 180–182. Ferzene Mağarası (MCVR). 183–185. Cyprus, Pomos Dam (CMH). LEGS. Femur 1 with single row of ~28 ventral spines; with few curved hairs on tibia 1 and metatarsi 1 and 2; few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 4.5%; prolateral trichobothrium present on all leg tibiae; tarsi without distinct pseudosegments but with many small platelets. Male (variation). Tibia 1 in12 other males from Dim Mağarası, Cüceler Mağarası, and Köşekbükü Astım Mağarası: 9.3–16.4 (mean 13.2). These males show only usual slight variation, i.e. in number of spines (femur 1 with ~12–37 spines, depending on leg length; some males with a few spines also distally on femur 2). Tibia 1 in21 other males from all other localities in Turkey: 12.7–17.7 (mean 15.1); palps in these males almost identical to those from typelocality (embolar sclerite slightly narrower in dorsal view). Tibia 1 infour males from Cyprus: 8.0, 8.7, 9.1, 9.2; specimens from Cyprusare smaller and darker, sometimes with dark rings on legs, with homogeneously dark brown sternum, with larger black marks on abdomen; palps in these males apparently identical to those from typelocality. Female. In general similar to male ( Fig. 123) but without spines on legs. Tibia 1 in 12 femalesfrom Dim Mağarası, Cüceler Mağarası, and Köşekbükü Astım Mağarası: 10.5–14.7 (mean 12.7). FEMALE GENITALIA. Epigynum as in Fig. 171, posterior light median area of epigynal plate usually clearly separated from rest of dark plate, pair of shallow lateral pouches of uterus externus usually connected by distinct internal line; internal arcs evenly curved and usually visible in uncleared specimens; with pair of light brown weakly bulging areas in front of epigynum; posterior plate short but wide. Internal genitalia in female from typelocality as in Figs 172–173, 192–193, with pore plates narrowing medially, uterus externus with indistinct pair of lateral pouches and very indistinct low median pouch. Tibia 1 in 18 femalesfrom all other localities in Turkey: 10.9–15.7 (mean 13.7); epigynal plates in these females slightly longer and with more distinct pair of lateral pouches of uterus externus visible in uncleared specimens and pore plates slightly wider apart ( Figs 180–182). Tibia 1 infive females from Cyprus: 7.7–12.9 (mean 9.9); epigyna and internal genitalia in these females very similar to those from Turkeyassigned tentatively but lateral pouches of uterus externus farther apart ( Figs 183–185).   Distribution. Known from southern Turkeyand Cyprus( Fig. 442), but note that all specimens other than those from eastern Antalya and western Mersin Provinces (Dim Mağarası, Cüceler Mağarası, and Köşekbükü Astım Mağarası) are assigned tentatively.  Natural history. At the typelocality (Dim Mağarası), the spiders were found only in the twilight zone between about 5 and 20 mfrom the entrance, not deeper in the cave. They built their domed webs close to the ground and were found hanging exposed in their webs rather than close to the rock surface. They did not react to flashlight and were easy to catch. At Cüceler Mağarası, some specimens were found higher above the ground, in niches of the wall and even of the ceiling. 2556158150 2016-08-01 ZFMK H. Ozturk Turkey Ar 240 36.539 Dim Magarasi 70 32.11 Alanya District 39 40 1 1 Antalya holotype 2556158210 [199,1119,779,807] ZFMK Ar Turkey Antalya 39 40 5 3 2 Antalya 2556158162 2016-08-01 ZFMK H. Ozturk Turkey Ar 240 36.539 Tur 70 32.11 Alanya District 39 40 2 2 Antalya 2556158216 [527,1091,816,843] 2016-08-01 ZFMK Ar Turkey Ar 240 36.539 Tur 70 32.11 Alanya District 39 40 2 1 1 Antalya 2556158148 ZFMK Ar Turkey 39 40 8 4 4 Antalya 2556158196 2016-07-31 ZFMK H. Ozturk Turkey Tur 270 36.489 Cuceler Magarasi 70 32.276 Alanya District 39 40 3 3 Antalya 2556158241 2016-07-31 ZFMK Ar Turkey Tur 270 36.489 Cuceler Magarasi 70 32.276 Alanya District 39 40 5 1 3 Antalya 2556158168 [199,672,959,987] ZFMK Ar Mersin 39 40 6 3 3 Mersin 2556158229 2016-07-29 ZFMK H. Ozturk Tur 130 36.127 Kosekbuku Astim Magarasi 70 32.76 Anamur District 39 40 2 2 Mersin 2556158137 [199,744,1068,1095] ZFMK Ar Turkey Konya 39 40 1 1 Konya 2556158154 2016-07-23 ZFMK Ozturk Turkey Tur 1400 37.38 Ferzene Magarasi 70 31.834 Seydisehir 39 40 1 1 Konya 2556158175 1973-04-23 MCVR Forestiero & Sbordoni & Agnoletti Turkey Tur 1400 37.38 Ferzene Magarasi 70 31.834 Seydisehir 39 40 20 8 11 Konya paratype 2556158232 1973-04-20 MCVR Brignoli Turkey 1550 37.248 Seydisehir District 70 31.927 39 40 2 1 1 Konya paratype 2556158274 1973-04-24 MCVR V. Sbordoni & P. M. Brignoli & S. Forestiero Turkey 1350 37.349 Derebucak District 70 31.627 39 40 10 3 7 Konya paratype 2556158239 2016-07-22 ZFMK Ozturk & Ar Turkey Ar 1395 37.343 Derebucak District 70 31.622 Tur 39 40 1 1 Konya paratype 2556158217 2016-07-22 ZFMK Ozturk Turkey 1395 37.362 District 70 31.586 Tur 39 40 2 1 Konya paratype 2556158129 2007-07-16 NOHUAM Topcu Turkey 1180 37.54 Haccaninini Magarasi 708 31.46 Yesildag 39 40 1 1 Konya paratype 2556158257 1973-04-24 MCVR P. M. Brignoli & S. Forestiero 1280 37.69 Isparta 708 31.38 39 40 7 3 4 Isparta paratype 2556158171 1973-04-19 MCVR S. Forestiero & V. Sbordoni 37.69 708 31.38 39 40 2 2 Isparta paratype 2556158158 1973-04-29 MCVR V. Sbordoni 590 37.045 Antalya 70 31.79 39 40 4 1 3 Antalya paratype 2556158127 2016-04-27 CMH Cyprus 130 35.138 Pomos Dam 71 32.579 39 40 5 3 2 Pafos 2556158140 2007-04-28 CJVK J. van Keer Cyprus 35.102 71 32.594 39 40 4 2 1 Pafos 2556158209 2007-04-26 CJVK J. van Keer 34.93 Mount Olympos 718 32.86 39 40 1 1 Lemesos 2556158202 2010-05-04 CJVK E Pano Platres & J. van Keer 34.893 Mesa Potamos 71 32.908 39 40 1 1 Limassol 2556158189 2017-06-10 CMH 34.95 Nicosia 718 32.83 39 40 1 1 Nicosia 2556158125 [287,1369,1931,1959] 2017-06-19 CMH M. Hadjiconstantis 720 34.929 71 33.126 39 40 1 1 Nicosia 2556158152 2016-05-20 CMH M. Hadjiconstantis 720 34.929 71 33.126 39 40 2 2 Nicosia