A taxonomic review of Thiotricha Meyrick, 1886 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Thiotrichinae) from China, with descriptions of 84 new species Lee, Ga-Eun Li, Houhun Zootaxa 2024 2024-05-15 5449 1 1 222 Lee & Li, 2024 Lee & Li 2024 [151,461,151,178] Insecta Gelechiidae Thiotricha Animalia Lepidoptera 140 141 Arthropoda species parvimaculata sp. nov.  ( Figs 20C, 27J, 28H, 43F, 60E)   Type material.   Holotype ♂, CHINA, Hainan Province, Wuzhishan City, Shuiman Town( 18.88°N, 109.67°E),  766 m,  28.ii.2016, leg. Qingyun Wang, Suran Liand Shengnan Zhao, genitalia slide no. LGE18247.   Paratypes. CHINA: Hainan Province: 4 ♂♂, same data as holotype except 7,  8.vii.2015, leg. Qingyun Wang, Suran Liand Mengting Chen;  4 ♂♂, Tianchi,  810 m, Jianfengling,  30.iii.2008, leg. Bingbing Huand Haiyan Bai, genitalia slide no. LGE18767;  2 ♂♂, Bawangling,  1000 m, 4,  9.iv.2008, leg. Bingbing Huand Haiyan Bai;  1 ♀, Tianchi( 18.74°N, 108.84°E),  1050 m, Jianfengling, Ledong County,  29.iv.2013, leg. Yinghui Sun, Wei Guanand Tengteng Liu, genitalia slide no. CMT15071f  1 ♀, Wuzhishan Nature Reserves( 18.91°N, 109.68°E),  710 m,  21.iv.2014, leg. Tengteng Liu, Wei Guanand Xuemei Hu, genitalia slide no. LGE18804;  1 ♂, Fanye Village( 18.87°N, 109.67°E),  430 m, Shuiman Town, Wuzhishan City,  22.iv.2014, leg. Tengteng Liu, Wei Guanand Xuemei Hu;  1 ♂, Jianfengling Nature Reserves( 18.74°N, 108.84°E),  1050 m, Ledong County,  27.iv.2014, leg. Tengteng Liu, Wei Guanand Xuemei Hu;  1 ♂, Hongxin Village( 19.07°N, 109.52°E),  460 m, Yuanmen Town, Baisha County,  29.vi.2014, leg. Peixin Cong, Linjie Liuand Sha Hu, genitalia slide no. LGE18811;  1 ♂, Wuzhishan Nature Reserves( 18.88°N, 109.65°E),  742 m,  4.vii.2014, leg. Peixin Cong, Linjie Liuand Sha Hu;  3 ♂♂, Jianfengling Nature Reserves( 18.74°N, 108.87°E),  770 m, Ledong County, 15,  16.vii.2014, leg. Peixin Cong, Linjie Liuand Sha Hu, genitalia slide no. LGE18412;  1 ♀, Wuzhishan Nature Reserves( 18.88°N, 109.65°E),  742 m,  21.v.2015, leg. Peixin Cong, Wei Guanand Sha Hu;  1 ♂, Limushan Nature Reserves( 19.17°N, 109.73°E),  632 m,  3.vii.2015, leg. Qingyun Wang, Suran Liand Mengting Chen;  1 ♂, Wuzhishan Nature Reserves( 18.90°N, 109.67°E),  738 m,  3.iii.2016, leg. Qingyun Wang, Suran Liand Shengnan Zhao, genitalia slide no. LGE18248;  1 ♂, Mingfenggu( 18.74°N, 108.84°E),  954 m, Jianfengling,  9.viii.2017, leg. Xia Bai, Ping Liuand Shuai Yu, genitalia slide no. LGE18805;   Chongqing Municipality:  1 ♂, Mt. Simian,  1000 m,  21.vii.2010, leg. Xicui Duand Lifang Song, genitalia slide no. LGE18777;   Fujian Province: 1 ♀, Guadun,  1100 m, Mt. Wuyi,  28.vii.2008, leg. Weichun Li, Yongling Sunand Haiyan Bai, genitalia slide no. LGE18776;   Yunnan Province: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Qinlangdang Conservation Station( 27.69°N, 98.27°E),  380 m, Gaoligongshan Nature Reserves, Nujiang,  28.v.2017, leg. Kaijian Teng et al., genitalia slide nos. LGE 17251m, LGE17255f;   Zhejiang Province: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Qianjiangyuan( 30.39°N, 119.49°E),  866 m, Mt. Tianmu,  8.vii.2014, leg. Aihui Yin, Xuemei Huand Qingyun Wang, genitalia slide nos. LGE18802f, LGE 18810m.   Diagnosis.This species is superficially somewhat similar to  T. pediformis,  T. apicidiscaand  T. villosa, but a fuscous spot is often present on the forewing dorsum of  T. parvimaculataespecially in the specimens from Hainan. The male sternum VIII of  T. parvimaculatais striking as the anterior 3/5 is broad and the posterior 2/5 is deeply bifurcate, forming two very narrow tines. In the male genitalia, the broad valva gradually narrowing from base to apex and the apically triangular aedeagus are diagnostic. The female genitalia are differentiated from other species by the short segment VIII, the slender ductus bursae and the absence of colliculum.   Description.Adult ( Fig. 20C). Wingspan 6.0− 13.5 mm. Head white. Labial palpus creamy white; segment III black-tipped, as long as II. Antenna with scape white; flagellum fuscous except basal 1/4 or 1/5 of dorsal surface white, male cilia as long as diameter. Thorax and tegula white. Forewing glossy white, anterior edge of costa black in basal 1/3, markings dark fuscous: a wedge-shaped costal streak from between distal 1/3 and 1/4 of wing, outwardly oblique, attenuated toward apex, not reaching apical spot; beyond this a costal streak from distal 1/5, running in parallel with and as long or slightly longer than former, usually reaching apical spot; beyond this mixed white and fuscous scales before apex; apical spot round, sometimes edged fuscous posteriorly; often with a spot on basal 1/3 of dorsum; near tornus with an inwardly directed V-shaped marking, the upper fork of this often interrupted at base, obliquely running and nearly reaching apical spot, the lower fork of this much shorter and broader, running along fold, sometimes indistinct; fringe on apical area grey with a terminal black band, produced downwards and bifurcate; fringe on termen white except near apex dark fuscous terminally and medially with a row of coarse metallic grey ciliation; fringe on dorsum greyish white. Hindwing grey except near apex slightly suffused with white; fringe greyish white to grey except apical area white with a terminal black band. Legs white; fore femur, tibia and tarsus black on outer surface; mid and hind tibiae with a short black streak near apex and at apex, respectively; mid and hind tarsi with outer surface of tarsomere I broadly black at middle, tarsomeres II-III black in basal half; mid tarsomere V black on outer surface, hind tarsomeres III-V black on inner surface.  Abdominal segments( Figs 27J, 28H). In male sternum VIII 1/4 length of abdomen, anterior 3/5 with lateral margins broadly convex; posterior 2/5 bifurcate, each tine very slender and uniformly elongate to posterior apex, between two tines U-shaped; tergum VIII sclerotized as a short plate, bearing coremata bilaterally and petal-like large scales mediolaterally.  Male genitalia( Fig. 43F). Uncus long tongue-shaped, broadest at middle, rounded at apex. Gnathos hook long and slender, acute at apex. Tegumen slightly longer than uncus. Valva with base broad, gradually narrowing toward apex, blunt apically. Anellus lobe very small, obovoid; apical bristle straight, directed inwardly, slightly longer than anellus lobe. Juxta with basal 2/3 of inner margin strongly angled, hummock-like, near base of valva shortly produced and bearing two or three setae. Vinculum simple. Saccus very short, sub-triangular. Aedeagus with basal 1/3 dilated, narrowed medially, triangular in apical 1/3.  Female genitalia( Fig. 60E). Papillae anales simple, moderately sclerotized. Apophyses anteriores slightly longer than half length of apophyses posteriores. Segment VIII short; sternum VIII with anterior margin broadly convex. Ostium bursae large, opening near anterior margin of sternum VIII. Ductus bursae slender, uniformly elongate to corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from posterior 1/3. Corpus bursae elliptical, as long or slightly shorter than ductus bursae; signum rounded, consisting of minute denticles, placed at posterior 2/5 or 1/4.  Variations.Most of specimens from Hainanhave a fuscous spot at basal 1/3 of dorsum and the specimens from Yunnanare larger in size.   Distribution. China( Chongqing, Fujian, Hainan, Yunnan, Zhejiang).   Etymology.The species name is derived from Latin, parvus(small) and maculatus(spotted), referring to the spot on the forewing dorsum.  Unplaced species   Remarks.There are 14 species unassigned to species-groups in this study. Many of these species have unusual morphological traits for the genus, such as  T. villosahaving long scale-tuft on the hindwing,  T. dissobolawith T-shaped uncus bearing large petal-like scales and  T. scotaea Meyrick, 1908with an elongated intersegmental membrane on the male abdomen. Further studies are required for the generic placement of some species and the details are mentioned under the species.   Key to unplaced species of Chinese  Thiotrichabased on males    1. Hindwing sexually dimorphic, males with long scale-tuft on costa..................................  T. villosa  sp. nov.  - Hindwing sexually not dimorphic, males without long scale-tuft on costa......................................... 2   2. Labial palpus with hair pencil........................................................................... 3  - Labial palpus without hair pencil......................................................................... 4   3. Forewing with dark brown longitudinal streaks from base to near apex, apical spot not tinged with pink scales on inner margin....................................................................................  T. embolarcha  - Forewing without dark brown longitudinal streaks from base to near apex, apical spot tinged with pink scales on inner margin...........................................................................................  T. acrantha   4. Forewing size and color sexually dimorphic, smaller and darker in male; only male abdomen with elongated intersegmental membrane between segment VII and VIII...........................................................  T. scotaea  - Forewing size and color sexually not dimorphic; abdomen without elongated intersegmental membrane................. 5   5. Forewing ground color fuscous, with carmine-pink streaks running from base to near apex........  T. rosegrammica  sp. nov.  - Forewing without carmine-pink streaks.................................................................... 6   6. Forewing with a broad streak running along costa or subcosta from base, dorsum with one or two oblique streaks reaching the costal streak......................................................................................... 7  - Forewing without a broad streak running along costa or subcosta, dorsum without oblique streaks reaching the costal streak.. ................................................................................................... 8   7. Labial palpus with erect scales on segment II; forewing with one oblique streak running from dorsum to costal streak..........................................................................................  T. acicularis  sp. nov.  - Labial palpus smooth; forewing with two oblique streaks running from dorsum to costal streak.............  T. hoplomacha   8. Forewing ground color white............................................................................ 9  - Forewing ground color grey, whitish grey or dark grey....................................................... 11   9. Forewing apex with yellow scales.....................................................  T. flaviterminata  sp. nov.  - Forewing apex without yellow scales..................................................................... 10   10. Forewing apical area with inwardly oblique costal strigulae; valval costa with a flap-like extension..  T. hamatisigna  sp. nov.  - Forewing apical area without inwardly oblique costal strigulate; valval costa without a flap-like extension...................................................................................................  T. apicidisca  sp. nov.   11. Forewing apex yellow; sternum VIII very narrow, rod-shaped..........................................  T. pyrphora  - Forewing apex not yellow; sternum VIII subtriangular or semicircular.......................................... 12   12. Forewing with V-shaped markings in distal 1/2; uncus with large petal-like scales at base, T-shaped in distal 1/2.....................................................................................................  T. dissobola  - Forewing without V-shaped markings in distal 1/2; uncus tongue-shaped, without large petal-like scales at base......... 13   13. Forewing with distinct six black spots; sternum VIII with lateral margins concave; ventral margin of valva bulged in basal 1/2...........................................................................................  T. hexanesa  - Forewing with somewhat indistinct dull grey spots; sternum VIII with lateral margins nearly straight; ventral margin of valva not bulged........................................................................  T. canimaculata  sp. nov.  Key to unplaced species of Chinese  Thiotrichabased on females (Females of  T. hoplomachaand  T. hexanesaare unknown.)    1. Labial palpus with erect scales on segment II; papillae anales pointed at apex......................  T. acicularis  sp. nov.  - Labial palpus without erect scales on segment II; papillae anales not pointed at apex................................ 2   2. Forewing ground color white, without markings in basal 1/2................................................... 3  - Forewing ground color white but with markings in basal 1/2, or ground color grey, fuscous or pale ochre................ 6   3. Forewing apex with yellow scales; corpus bursae with two signa.............................  T. flaviterminata  sp. nov.  - Forewing apex without yellow scales; corpus bursae with a single signum........................................ 4   4. Forewing apical area with inwardly oblique costal strigulae, a narrow, outwardly oblique streak present near basal 1/2 or 2/3 of dorsum; signum with a hook..........................................................  T. hamatisigna  sp. nov.  - Forewing apical area without inwardly oblique costal strigulae, without streak near basal 1/2 or 2/3 of dorsum; signum without a hook.............................................................................................. 5   5. Forewing with glossy scales near apical spot; base of ductus bursae with a curved, spoon-like sclerite..  T. apicidisca  sp. nov.  - Forewing without glossy scales near apical spot; base of ductus bursae with a short sclerite, not curved....  T. villosa  sp. nov.   6. Signum present....................................................................................... 7  - Signum absent...............................................................................  T. pyrphora   7. Forewing with carmine-pink streaks running from base to near apex ...; papillae anales with linear sclerotization along posterior edge.............................................................................  T. rosegrammica  sp. nov.  - Forewing without carmine-pink streaks; papillae anales without linear sclerotization................................ 8   8. Forewing with dark brown longitudinal streaks from base to near apex; signum not round, consisting of thorn-like processes..........................................................................................  T. embolarcha  - Forewing without dark brown longitudinal streaks from base to near apex; signum round............................ 9   9. Corpus bursae spinulate............................................................................... 10  - Corpus bursae not spinulate............................................................................ 11   10. Forewing apical spot tinged with pink scales on inner margin; corpus bursae spinulate posteriorly.............  T. acrantha  - Forewing apical spot not tinged with pink scales on inner margin; corpus bursae spinulate anteriorly..........  T. dissobola   11. Forewing uniformly colored from base to near apex, size and color sexually dimorphic, larger and lighter in female; anterior margin of papillae anales without small sclerotization; signum large......................................  T. scotaea  - Forewing not uniformly colored, size and color sexually not dimorphic; anterior margin of papillae anales with small sclerotization; signum small..........................................................  T. canimaculata  sp. nov. 2016-02-28 Qingyun Wang & Suran Li & Shengnan Zhao 766 18.88 Shuiman Town 764 109.67 Wuzhishan City 140 141 1 1 Hainan Province holotype 2015-07-08 Qingyun Wang & Suran Li & Mengting Chen China 766 18.88 Shuiman Town 764 109.67 Wuzhishan City 140 141 4 4 Hainan paratype [341,1268,367,394] 2008-03-30 Bingbing Hu & Haiyan Bai China 810 Jianfengling Tianchi 140 141 4 4 Hainan paratype [331,1170,403,430] 2008-04-09 Bingbing Hu & Haiyan Bai China 1000 Bawangling 140 141 2 2 Hainan paratype 2013-04-29 Yinghui Sun & Wei Guan & Tengteng Liu China Ledong County 1050 18.74 Jianfengling 765 108.84 Tianchi 140 141 1 1 Hainan paratype 2014-04-21 Tengteng Liu & Wei Guan & Xuemei Hu China 710 18.91 Wuzhishan Nature Reserves 764 109.68 140 141 1 1 Hainan paratype 2014-04-22 Tengteng Liu & Wei Guan & Xuemei Hu China Fanye Village 430 18.87 Wuzhishan City 764 109.67 Shuiman Town 140 141 1 1 Hainan paratype 2014-04-27 Tengteng Liu & Wei Guan & Xuemei Hu China Ledong County 1050 18.74 Jianfengling Nature Reserves 765 108.84 140 141 1 1 Hainan paratype 2014-06-29 Peixin Cong & Linjie Liu & Sha Hu China Baisha County 460 19.07 Yuanmen Town 764 109.52 Hongxin Village 140 141 1 1 Hainan paratype 2014-07-04 Peixin Cong & Linjie Liu & Sha Hu China 742 18.88 Wuzhishan Nature Reserves 764 109.65 140 141 1 1 Hainan paratype 2014-07-16 Peixin Cong & Linjie Liu & Sha Hu China Ledong County 770 18.74 Jianfengling Nature Reserves 765 108.87 140 141 3 3 Hainan paratype 2015-05-21 Peixin Cong & Wei Guan & Sha Hu China 742 18.88 Wuzhishan Nature Reserves 764 109.65 140 141 1 1 Hainan paratype 2015-07-03 Qingyun Wang & Suran Li & Mengting Chen China 632 19.17 Limushan Nature Reserves 763 109.73 140 141 1 1 Hainan paratype 2016-03-03 Qingyun Wang & Suran Li & Shengnan Zhao China 738 18.9 Wuzhishan Nature Reserves 764 109.67 140 141 1 1 Hainan paratype 2017-08-09 Xia Bai & Ping Liu & Shuai Yu China 954 18.74 Jianfengling 765 108.84 Mingfenggu 140 141 1 1 Hainan paratype [1072,1371,907,933] China Municipality 140 141 1 Chongqing paratype 2010-07-21 Xicui Du & Lifang Song China 1000 Mt. Simian 140 141 1 1 Chongqing paratype 2008-07-28 Weichun Li & Yongling Sun & Haiyan Bai China 1100 Mt. Wuyi Guadun 140 141 1 1 Fujian paratype 2017-05-28 Kaijian Teng China Qinlangdang Conservation Station 380 27.69 Nujiang 741 98.27 Gaoligongshan Nature Reserves 140 141 3 2 1 Yunnan paratype 2014-07-08 Aihui Yin & Xuemei Hu & Qingyun Wang China 866 30.39 Mt. Tianmu 733 119.49 Qianjiangyuan 140 141 2 1 1 Zhejiang paratype