A systematic revision of Draculoides (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) of the Pilbara, Western Australia, Part I: the Western Pilbara
Abrams, Kym M.
Huey, Joel A.
Hillyer, Mia J.
Didham, Raphael K.
Harvey, Mark S.
Zootaxa
2020
2020-10-22
4864
1
1
75
Abrams and Harvey
Abrams and Harvey
2020
[151,697,1718,1745]
Arachnida
Hubbardiidae
Draculoides
Animalia
Schizomida
64
65
Arthropoda
species
piscivultus
sp. nov.
( Figs. 1–8, 38–40) Zoobank Code: http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ C1F26CAD-2994-4330-A870-886CB04A9ECC ParadraculoidesSCH095: Abrams et al. 2019MPE 106532: 8, fig. 2.
Material examined. Holotypemale. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: ca. 23.5 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°48’15.02”S, 116°09’31.87”E, 07 April 2014, bore scrape, J. Clark( WAM T143346) (DNA: 18S, 28S, ITS2). Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1 ♀, Mesa H, ca. 17.5 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°45’49.96”S, 116°13’11.86”E, 20 January 2016, troglofauna trap, P. Brooshooft, S. Werner( WAM T143619); 1 ♂, c. 23 kmS. of Pannawonica, 21°50’57.23”S, 116°18’41.42”E, 28 May 2014, bore scrape, A.E. Leung( WAM T143357) (DNA: 18S, 28S, ITS2); 1 ♀, c. 22 kmS. of Pannawonica, 21°50’11.94”S, 116°17’41.03”E, 27 May 2014, bore scrape, A.E. Leung( WAM T143354) (DNA: 12S, COI, 18S, ITS2). Other material. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1 ♀, Mesa H, 17.5 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°44’43”S, 116°11’52”E, 09 November 2010, troglofauna trap, J. Cairnes, V. Cartledge( WAM T110843) (DNA: 18S, ITS2); 1 juvenile, Mesa H, 17.5 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°44’43”S, 116°11’52”E, 09 November 2010, troglofauna trap, J. Cairnes, V. Cartledge( WAM T110844); 1 juvenile, Bungaroo, 22.9 kmSSE. of Pannawonica, 21°50’48”S, 116°19’35”E, 15 April 2011, troglofauna trap, J. Alexander, S. Werner( WAM T114971) (DNA: 12S, COI, 18S, 28S, ITS2); 1 ♂, Mesa H, ca. 17 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°43’54.23”S, 116°11’30.90”E, 27 June 2016, troglo- fauna trap, N. Watson, C. Cole( WAM T133452); 1 ♂, Mesa H, ca. 17 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°46’56.04”S, 116°14’30.77”E, 12 December 2016, troglofauna trap, N. Watson, C. Cole( WAM T133453) (DNA: 12S, COI, 18S, 28S, ITS2); 1 ♀, Mesa H, ca. 17 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°46’56.04”S, 116°14’30.77”E, 12 December 2016, troglofauna trap, N. Watson, C. Cole( WAM T133454); 1 juvenile, c. 22 kmS. of Pannawonica, 21°50’11.94”S, 116°17’41.03”E, 27 May 2014, bore scrape, A.E. Leung( WAM T133456); 1 ♀, c. 22 kmS. of Pannawonica, 21°50’14.02”S, 116°17’43.87”E, 27 May 2014, bore scrape, A.E. Leung( WAM T133458); 1 juvenile, c. 23.5 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°47’03.76”S, 116°07’52.90”E, 07 April 2014, bore scrape, J. Clark( WAM T143347); 1 ♂, c. 22 kmS. of Pannawonica, 21°50’14.02”S, 116°17’43.87”E, 27 May 2014, bore scrape, A.E. Leung( WAM T143350); 1 juvenile, c. 22 kmS. of Pannawonica, 21°50’09.06”S, 116°17’42.48”E, 27 May 2014, bore scrape, A.E. Leung( WAM T143351); 1 ♀, 1 juvenile, c. 22 kmS. of Pannawonica, 21°50’08.28”S, 116°17’35.42”E, 27 May 2014, bore scrape, A.E. Leung( WAM T143352) (DNA: 12S, COI, 18S, 28S, ITS2); 1 ♀, c. 22 kmS. of Pannawonica, 21°50’06.91”S, 116°17’36.12”E, 27 May 2014, bore scrape, A.E. Leung( WAM T143353) (DNA: 12S, COI, 18S, 28S, ITS2); 1 ♀, c. 18 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°46’23.98”S, 116°12’34.97”E, 29 May 2014, bore scrape, A.E. Leung( WAM T143358); 1 juvenile, Mesa H, ca. 17.5 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°45’49.96”S, 116°13’11.86”E, 20 January 2016, troglofauna trap, P. Brooshooft, S. Werner( WAM T143618); 1 juvenile, Mesa H, ca. 17.7 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°45’43.37”S, 116°12’52.37”E, 20 January 2016, troglofauna trap, P. Brooshooft, S. Werner( WAM T143621); 1 juvenile, Mesa H, ca. 17.5 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°45’53.33”S, 116°13’21.79”E, 19 January 2016, stygofauna haul net, P. Brooshooft, S. Werner( WAM T143628); 1 juvenile, Mesa H, 17.5 kmSW. of Pannawonica, 21°44’43”S, 116°11’52”E, 9 November 2010, troglofauna trap, J. Cairnes, V. Cartledge( WAM T144198).
Diagnosis. Draculoides piscivultusdiffers from all other species of Draculoidesby the distinct shape of the laterally compressed male flagellum ( Figs. 39D–F, 40A–C); in lateral view, the dorsal margin is broad, rounded and protruding. Additionally, D. piscivultusdiffers from all other Draculoidesin its lack of accessory teeth on the movable finger of the chelicera. Females are most similar to D. bythiusand D. cochranusbut can be distinguished from the former by D. piscivultushaving a larger inner lobe than outer lobe of the spermathecae (they are of equal size in D. bythius) and from the latter by differences in the positions of setae dl1 (more dorsal than D. cochranus) and vm3 (more ventral than D. cochranus). Draculoides piscivultuscan be diagnosed from all other Draculoidesspecies that were sequenced at COI by the 50bp mini-barcode shown in Figure 3. Draculoides piscivultuscan be diagnosed from all other Draculoidesspecies that were sequenced at 12S ( Fig. 5) except for and D. eremius. Draculoides piscivultuscan be diagnosed from all other Draculoidesspecies that were sequenced at ITS2 ( Fig. 7) except for D. confusus, D. bramstokeri, Draculoidessp. SCH071, Draculoidessp. SCH092, Draculoidessp. SCH037, Draculoidessp. SCH054, Draculoidessp. SCH072, Draculoidessp. SCH081, Draculoidessp. SCH106, Draculoidessp. SCH107, Draculoidessp. SCH016, Draculoidessp. SCH105, and Draculoidessp. SCH110, which are not distinguishable using the ITS2 mini-barcode.
Description (adults). Colour. Yellow-brown; propeltidium and pedipalps somewhat darker. Cephalothorax. Propeltidium with 2 apical setae on anterior process and 2+2+2 setae; eye spots absent. Mesopeltidia separated. Metapeltidium faintly divided. Anterior sternum with 11 ( ♂), 14 ( ♀) setae (including 2 stern- apophysial setae); posterior sternum triangular with 6 setae. Chelicera. Fixed finger with 2 large teeth plus 3 ( ♂), 4 ( ♀) smaller teeth between these; membranous area be- tween fixed and movable fingers with 3 large, lanceolate, terminally pilose setae (G1); G2 composed of 7 ( ♂), 5 ( ♀) setae; G3 composed of 3 ( ♂), 4 ( ♀) setae; internal face of chelicera with 3 ( ♂) ( ♀) short whip-like setae (G4); brush at base of fixed finger composed of 6 ( ♂),( ♀) setae (G5A), each densely pilose in distal half and G5B composed of 10 ( ♂), 7 ( ♀) setae; G6 with one seta; G7 composed of 3 ( ♂) ( ♀) setae. Movable finger serrula composed of c. 14 ( ♂), 15 ( ♀) long lamellae, blunt guard tooth present subdistally; accessory tooth absent. Pedipalp. Without apophyses; trochanter with sharply produced ventro-distal extension, ventral margin with ca. 10 stout setae, without mesal spur; tarsus and tiba without spines; tarsal spur present; claw 0.27 ( ♂), 0.46 ( ♀) × length of tarsus. Legs.Tarsus I with 6 segments; baso-dorsal margin of femur IV produced at about a 90° angle. Abdomen. Chaetotaxy of tergite I: 2 macrosetae + 4 microsetae (microsetae diagonal), tergite II: 2 macrosetae + 6 microsetae (microsetae in column), tergites III–IX: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4; segment XII with small dorsal process ( ♂only). FIGURE 38. Draculoides piscivultus sp. nov., holotype male (WAM T143346): A. Body, dorsal; B. Body, ventral; C. Body, lateral; D. Flagellum, dorsal; E. Flagellum, ventral; F. Flagellum, lateral. The scale bar shown in image A is 1 mm and also applies to B and C and the scale bar shown in image D is 200 µm and also applies to E and F. Female genitalia. Two pairs of spermathecae with elongated lobes, outer lobe smaller than inner lobe, each pair connected basally before connection with bursa ( Fig. 40G); sparsely covered with small pores mainly in lower half; gonopod triangular and distally somewhat bifurcated. Flagellum. Male: In dorsal view moderately laterally compressed ( Figs. 38D–F, 40A–C); in lateral view, dorsal margin strongly rounded with distinctive paired dorsal lobes between dm1 and dm4, distal section narrowed with slightly pointed distal tip; ventral margin evenly rounded; 3.75 × longer than broad; seta dm1 situated dorso-medially, slightly closer to posterior margin of dorsal lobe; seta dm4 situated posterior to dorsal lobe; dl1 small, between dm4 and dl1; dl3 close to posterior margin; vm2 situated anterior to vm1; vm5 situated anterior to vl1, midway between vm3 and vl2; two pairs of lateral microsetae, near middle, between vm3 and dm1, and three pairs between dl1 and dl3. Female: 3.50 × longer than broad ( Figs. 38D–F, 40D–F); seta dm1 situated in middle of flagellomere II; setae dl1 situated anterior to dm4, dm4 situated at two thirds length of flagellomere III; dl3 situated close to posterior margin, slightly posterior than vl2; vm1 situated level with vm2, vm3 situated closer to vm1 than to vm5, vm5 closer to vm3 than vl2, vl1 situated posterior to vm3 and anterior to dl1; 1 pair of microsetae posterior to vl1 on flagellomere III, 1 pair of microsetae posterior to dm4, 1 pair of microsetae laterally between dl3 and vl2. Dimensions (mm). Holotypemale (WAM T143346): Body length 3.52. Propeltidium 0.87/0.48. Chelicera 0.48. Flagellum 0.29/0.08. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.33, femur 0.38, patella 0.38, tibia 0.33, tarsus 0.21, claw 0.06, total excluding claw 1.69. Paratypefemale (WAM T143619): Body length 3.22. Propeltidium 0.96/0.67. Chelicera 0.81. Flagellum 0.27/0.08. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.40, femur 0.48, patella 0.50, tibia 0.35, tarsus 0.23, claw 0.11, total excluding claw 1.96. Variation. Body length (males) 2.26–3.52 (n = 5). Body length (females) 3.32–3.70 (n= 2).
Remarks. Draculoides piscivultusis known from several locations within three areas known as Mesa H, Bungaroo and an unnamed site situated in the western edge of the Hamersley Range, Western Australia( Fig. 1B). The distribution is larger than for most known Draculoidesspecies and there is a relatively large COI (7.8%) divergence within this species, with specimens from southern Bungaroo most geographically and genetically distant, potentially suggesting the presence of a morphologically cryptic species. Comparison of numerous males throughout the species’ range revealed no consistent morphological differences therefore we have retained a single species at this time. The shape of the male flagellum is unusual for Pilbara species and more similar to that of the Cape Range Draculoides. The juvenile specimens listed above are associated with this species by locality and, in many cases, by sequence data ( Fig. 1B). FIGURE 39. Draculoides piscivultus sp. nov., paratype female (WAM T143619): A. Body, dorsal; B. Body, ventral; C. Body, lateral; D. Flagellum, dorsal; E. Flagellum, ventral; F. Flagellum, lateral. The scale bar shown in image A is 1 mm also applies to B and C and the scale bar shown in image D is 200 µm and also applies to E and F. FIGURE 40. Draculoides piscivultus sp. nov.: A–C, holotype male (WAM T143346): A. Flagellum, dorsal; B. Flagellum, ventral; C. Flagellum, lateral. D–G, paratype female (WAM T143619): D. Flagellum, dorsal; E. Flagellum, ventral; F. Flagellum, lateral; G. Spermathecae, ventral. Scale bars: A–C: 0.1 mm, D–F: 0.1mm, G: 0.1 mm. Other names. WAM SCH086/SCH095 ( Abrams et al., 2019), Helix SCH015/SCH016.
Etymology.The specific epithet is an adjective referring to the appearance of the male flagellum in lateral view, which resembles a fish head ( piscis, Latin, fish; vultus, Latin, countenance, face, look, aspect).
3013449432
2014-04-07
WAM
J. Clark
Australia
-21.80417
Pannawonica
1
116.15885
64
65
T143346, ITS2
1
Western Australia
holotype
3013449390
2016-01-20
WAM
Australia
65
66
-21.763878
Pannawonica
1
116.21996
64
65
T143619
1
1
Western Australia
paratype
3013449441
2014-05-28
WAM
A. E. Leung
Australia
-21.849232
Pannawonica
1
116.31151
65
66
T143357, ITS2
1
1
Western Australia
paratype
3013449452
2014-05-27
WAM
A. E. Leung
Australia
-21.83665
Pannawonica
1
116.29473
65
66
T143354
1
1
Western Australia
paratype
3013449319
[490,820,259,285]
2014-05-27
COI
A. E. Leung
Australia
true
-21.83665
Pannawonica
1
116.29473
65
66
ITS2
1
Western Australia
paratype
3013449437
2010-11-09
V, WAM
Australia
-21.745277
Pannawonica
21
116.19778
65
66
T110843, ITS2
1
1
Western Australia
3013449454
2010-11-09
V, WAM
Australia
-21.745277
Pannawonica
21
116.19778
65
66
T110844
1
1
Western Australia
3013449320
2011-04-15
WAM, COI
J. Alexander & S. Werner
Australia
-21.846668
Pannawonica
21
116.326385
Bungaroo
65
66
T114971, ITS2
1
1
Western Australia
3013449450
2016-06-27
WAM
Australia
-21.731731
Pannawonica
1
116.19192
65
66
T133452
1
1
Western Australia
3013449445
2016-12-12
WAM, COI
Australia
-21.782232
Pannawonica
1
116.241875
65
66
T133453, ITS2
1
1
Western Australia
3013449357
2016-12-12
WAM
Australia
-21.782232
Pannawonica
1
116.241875
65
66
T133454
1
1
Western Australia
3013449442
2014-05-27
WAM
A. E. Leung
Australia
-21.83665
Pannawonica
1
116.29473
65
66
T133456
1
1
Western Australia
3013449443
2014-05-27
WAM
A. E. Leung
Australia
-21.837229
Pannawonica
1
116.29552
65
66
T133458
1
1
Western Australia
3013449456
2014-04-07
WAM
J. Clark
Australia
-21.784378
Pannawonica
1
116.13136
65
66
T143347
1
1
Western Australia
3013449316
2014-05-27
WAM
A. E. Leung
Australia
-21.837229
Pannawonica
1
116.29552
65
66
T143350
1
1
Western Australia
3013449414
2014-05-27
WAM
A. E. Leung
Australia
-21.83585
Pannawonica
1
116.295135
65
66
T143351
1
1
Western Australia
3013449311
2014-05-27
WAM, COI
A. E. Leung
Australia
-21.835634
Pannawonica
1
116.293175
65
66
T143352, ITS2
2
1
1
Western Australia
3013449332
2014-05-27
WAM, COI
A. E. Leung
Australia
-21.835253
Pannawonica
1
116.293365
65
66
T143353, ITS2
1
1
Western Australia
3013449344
2014-05-29
WAM
A. E. Leung
Australia
-21.773327
Pannawonica
1
116.20971
65
66
T143358
1
1
Western Australia
3013449337
2016-01-20
WAM
Australia
-21.763878
Pannawonica
1
116.21996
65
66
T143618
1
1
Western Australia
3013449363
2016-01-20
WAM
Australia
-21.762047
Pannawonica
1
116.21455
65
66
T143621
1
1
Western Australia
3013449329
2016-01-19
WAM
Australia
-21.764814
Pannawonica
1
116.22272
65
66
T143628
1
1
Western Australia
3013449324
2010-11-09
V, WAM
Australia
-21.745277
Pannawonica
21
116.19778
65
66
T144198
1
1
Western Australia