Brexia madagascariensis form with B. microcarpa Tul. B. madagascariensis subsp. microcarpa (Tul.) F. Friedmann. A synoptic revision of Brexia (Celastraceae) in Madagascar Schatz, George E. Lowry Ii, Porter P. Adansonia 2004 3 26 1 67 81 5WQPH (Lam.) Ker Gawl. [180,655,170,197] Magnoliopsida Celastraceae Brexia Plantae Celastrales 11 78 Tracheophyta species madagascariensis  Bot. Reg. 9: t. 730 (1823). —  Venana madagascariensisLam., Tabl. Encycl. Meth. Bot.2: t. 131 (1792). — Type: Commerson s.n., Madagascar, without precise locality, old infruct. (holo-, P!).    Brexia madagascariensisis a shrub to small tree in humid littoral forest on sand from W of Fort Dauphin at Cap Andavaka to just S of Vohemar at Ambaroana (Fig. 4). It can be recognized by its adult leaves with entire margins, pseudo-umbellate inflorescences borne on a long, flattened peduncle greater than 2.5 mmbroad (sometimes narrower in flowering material), and large fruits to 8 cmlong. This species also occurs in the Comoro Islands, and along the East African coast in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zanzibar(see VERDCOURT 1968; ROBSON 1978, who provide additional synonymy based principally upon cultivated material). In the Seychelles, an upland form withsmaller and pinkish petals and markedly smaller fruits (see FRIEDMANN 1994) has been recognized as either a distinct species (  B. microcarpaTul.) or as  B. madagascariensissubsp. microcarpa(Tul.) F. Friedmann. VERNACULAR NAMES. — Jobiapototra, Tsimiranjana, Tsivavena, Vahilava, Voalava, Voankatanana, Voantalanina, Voatalanina, Votalanina.  CONSERVATION STATUS. — Within Madagascar,  Brexia madagascariensishas an EO of c. 28000 km 2, an AO of 3500 km 2, and c.25 subpopulations, 5 of which are encompassed within protected areas (Andohahela PN, Manombo RS, and Masoala PN). It is thus assigned a preliminary status of Least Concern (LC).  MATERIAL EXAMINED. — MADAGASCAR: Baron 1577, 5732, without locality; Beaujard 415, 416, Vohipeno; Bernard 325, 358, Masoala PN; Bernier 285, Ste Marie; Birkinshaw 1148, Vohibola; Boivin 1833, Sahabe, 2552, without locality; Bojer s.n., Toamasina; Bosser 18704, Farafangana-Vangaindrano; Breon s.n., without locality; Cours 2901, Ambila- Lemaitso; Cremers 2318, Mahanoro-Vatomandry; Croat 32598, Fenerive; D’Alleizette 1333, without locality; Decary 4254, Fort Dauphin, 6543, Ambila- Lemaitso, 9922, Sainte Luce, 10333, Ambinanibe, 13792, Mananjary; Deroin 129, Atiala; Dorr 3906, Mananjary, 4477, Ambila-Lemaitso; Dumetz 675, 1292, Mandena STF; Forbes s.n., without locality; Friedmann 163, Manantenina; Ganzin s.n., without locality; Geay 6346, 6362, Cap Andavaka, 6784, Farafangana, 7210, 7211, 7213, 7684, 7685, 7786, 7979, 8105, 8106, Mananjary, 8930, 9071, Fenerive; Giraudy s.n., without locality; Goudot s.n., without locality;  Humbert5726, Fort Dauphin, 20777, Ambinanibe, 24419, Ambatobiribiry; Humblot 168, 343, Lac Nossi Ve; Imbert 95, Antampolo; Keating 2266, Ampandrozonana; Keraudren 24990, 25034, Fort Dauphin; Koopman 138, Ambahy; Leandri 4358, Cap Itapere; Lowry 3967, Ambila-Lemaitso, 4353, Antalavia, 4554, Ambila-Lemaitso; Martine E6, Tampina; McPherson 14185, 14208, Sainte Luce, 18406A, Manombo RS, 18776, Manakana, 18889, Ste Marie; Miller 3684, Ambila-Lemaitso; Monin s.n., without locality; Oumazer s.n., Ambila-Lemaitso; Perrier de la Bâthie 2336, Matitana, 6011, Antalaha, 18182, Ambila-Lemaitso; Poisson 2633, Fort Dauphin; Rabe 149, Masoala PN; Rabenantoandro 636, 651, Mahabo, 1198, Antanambao; Rabevohitra 1802, Vatomirindry, 3707, Mandena STF; Rahajasoa 287, 309, 394, Masoala PN; Rakotozafy 1304, Tampolo STF, 1368, Soanierana-Ivongo, 1397, Manompana; Randriampionona 842, Andohahela PN; Randrianaivo 537, Ambila-Lemaitso, 675, Masoala PN, 740, Ambaroana; Randriantafika 78, Petriky, 306, Mandena STF; Ratovoson 96, Manombo RS; Razafimandimbison 156, Tampolo STF; Réserves Naturelles 3357, 5292, 8290, Masoala PN, 8386, Andohahela PN; Richard 556, without locality; Schatz 1493, 3449, Ambila-Lemaitso; Scott Elliot 2725, Fort Dauphin; Service Forestier 873, Ambatobiribiry, 1345, Antetezana STF, 1615, Ambila-Lemaitso STF, 1874, Ankijahana, 2891, Ambila-Lemaitso STF, 4213, Ambondrombe, 4235, Ambila-Lemaitso STF, 4710, Mahanoro, 4933, Ambila-Lemaitso STF, 5571, Mandena STF, 5650, Amboanato, 6225, Analabe, 6358, Tsararano, 6636, Antetezana STF, 10908, 13670, Amboanato Begisy, 14523, Mandena STF, 14805, 17288, Masoala PN, 17333, Andohahela PN, 17832, Mahanoro, 21532, Mahatsara STF, 26107, Antsiraka, 28832, Lonkintsy, 28872Ambohidena, 29364, Antohomaro, 29865, Mahatsara STF, 32494, Andranokoditra, 32683, Mahatsara STF, 32911, Mandena STF, 33031, Sainte Luce, 34410, Mahatsara STF, 35293, Mandena STF, 35317, Mandromodromotra;  Thouarss.n., without locality; Ursch 124, Tampina; Viguier 367, Ampanalana, 437, Toamasina; Zarucchi 7464, 7594, Mandena STF; Zjhra 537, Masoala PN.  10.  Brexia marioniaeG.E. Schatz & Lowry,  sp. nov.  Haec species a Brexia cauliflora foliis latioribus, pedunculo breviore, calyce margine fimbriato atque disci  segmentis altioribus integris vel non profunde 2- vel 3-lobulatis intus carinatis distinguitur.  TYPUS. — Nicoll, Rakotozafy, Schatz& Suzon521, Madagascar, Prov. Toamasina, Masoala Peninsula, beach trail S of Ambanizana, 15°37’S, 49°57’E,  25 m,  12 Apr. 1987, fl. (holo-, MO!; iso-, P!, TAN!). Shrub to slender treelet 2-4 mtall. Leaves 13- 47.7 × 3.7-11 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, usually broader above the middle, glabrous above and below, midrib raised above and below, 2.5 mmbroad at the base above, secondary venation weakly brochidodromous with 10-20 secondary veins per side, the base cuneate to attenuate and decurrent along the petiole, the margin entire or often spinose, the spines less than 0.5 mm, the apex acute to acuminate. Petioles 12- 43 mmlong, 2.5-4.5 mmin diam., terete to slightly flattened above to shallowly canaliculate, glabrous. Inflorescences borne on the main stem (cauliflory), occasionally to within 20 cmof leaves on younger stems, a fascicle of several 2-7-flowered cymose pseudo-umbels each subtended by a minute bracteole, the peduncle 2.5-5 mmlong, the pedicels 8-15 mmlong, less than 1 mmin diam. in flower, to 3.5 mmin diam. in fruit, each subtended by a minute bracteole. Sepals connate for 2/3 their length, 4 × 4-5 mm, broadly ovate, glabrous, the margin finely fimbriate, the apex acute to rounded. Petals 12-17 × 6-10 mm, ovate to oblong, glabrous, membranous with evident venation, the base truncate, the margin entire, the apex obtuse. Disk 5-lobed, the lobes connate for 2 mmat their base, 4.5-7 × 3-4 mm, oblong to obovate, membranous, glabrous, the margin entire or rarely shallowly 2-3-lobed, the apex truncate, with a distinct medial keel inside. Stamens fused to the disk at their base, 13.2-17.2 mmlong; filaments 9-13 mmlong, flattened, 1.3 mmbroad at their base; anthers 4.2 × 1.8 mm, lanceolate, basifixed. Ovary 9 mmtall, 4.7 mmin diam. at the base, ovoid, 10-ribbed, crowned at the apex with 5 tongue-like stigmas, 0.5 mmtall, collectively 2.5 mmin diam., minutely tuberculate. Fruit 10-13.3 cmlong, 2.5-4 cmin diam., narrowly ellipsoid to lanceoloid, 5-angled-winged, the wings to 8 mm, the apex acuminate, woody. Seeds 6-7 mmlong, 3 mmin diam., ellipsoid. — Fig. 6.   Brexia marioniaeis a small, unbranched cauliflorous treelet in humid low elevation forest known from Analabe W of Foulpointe to Mont Anjenabe N of the Marojejy protected area (Fig. 5). It can be distinguished from  B. cauliflora, to which it is most similar, by its broader leaves, shorter peduncles, calyx with fimbriate margins, and taller, petaloid, entire or rarely 2-3 shallowly lobed disc segments.  ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet honors our good friend, Marion REGAN, who made many important collections during her time in Madagascar, including the typeof this new taxon. CONSERVATION STATUS. — With an EO of c. 7700 km 2, an AO of 700 km 2, and 7 subpopulations, 4 of which are encompassed within protected areas (Masoala PN, Nosy Mangabe RS),  Brexia marioniaeis assigned a preliminary status of Vulnerable (VU B1ab2ab).    PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR.  Prov. Antsiranana:  Humbert& Capuron24086, vallée inférieure de l’Androranga, affluent de la Bemarivoaux environs d’Antongondriha, Mont Anjenabe, [ 14°17’S, 49°46’E], c.  800 m,  3-7 Nov. 1950, fl. ( MO, P).   Prov. Toamasina:  Flores& Andriantiana29, Nosy Mangabe RS, 15°29’49”S, 49°45’20”E,  0-300 m,  5 Dec. 1998, fl., fr. ( MO);   Lowryet al. 4064, Masoala Peninsula, Trail Eof village of Hiaraka, 15°30’S, 49°56’E,  500 m,  10 Oct. 1986, fl. ( MO, P, TAN);   Lowryet al. 4240, Hills Eof village of Sahavary, up Andranofotsy Riverfrom Maroantsetra, trail towards headwaters of Sahafotra River, 15°19’S, 49°52’E,  300 m,  24 Oct. 1986, fl., y.fr. ( MO, TAN);   Miller& Schatz3651, Nosy MangabeRS, 15°30’S, 49°46’E,  0-300 m,  18 Nov. 1988, fl., y.fr. ( MO);  Schatz et al. 1669, same locality,  14 Oct. 1987, fl. ( MO);   Schatz& Gentry2155, same locality,  13-23 Apr. 1988, st. ( MO, TAN);   Schatz& Miller2532, same locality,  9 Jan. 1989, fr. ( MO);   Schatzet al. 3353, Masoala Peninsula, Ambanizana, 15°38’S, 49°59’E,  450 m,  29 Oct. 1992, fl. ( MO);   Service Forestier(Capuron) 18227, environs de la Baie d’Antongil, reste de forêts à l’W d’Anandrovola, [ 15°49’30”S, 49°41’E],  100-150 m,  11 Nov. 1957, fl., fr. (P, TEF);   Service Forestier(Capuron) 22804, forêt d’Analalava, à l’W de Foulpointe, [ 17°42’34”S, 49°26’50”E], [  60 m],  30 Oct. 1963, fl. ( MO, P, TEF);   Zjhra& Hutcheon520, Masoala Peninsula, Andranobe, ridge S of camp Be-dinta, 15°39’30”S, 49°57’30”E,  560- 640 m,  July 1993, bud ( MO, P, TAN). 1987-04-12 MO, TAN Schatz & Suzon Madagascar 25 -15.616667 Ambanizana 1284 49.95 12 79 1 Toamasina 1950-11-03 1950-11-07 1950-11-03 MO de l'Androranga & de la Bemarivo Madagascar Prov. 800 -14.283334 d'Antongondriha 1288 49.766666 Capuron 12 79 1 Antsiranana paratype 1998-12-05 MO Flores & Andriantiana & Nosy Mangabe RS Madagascar 150 -15.496944 Prov. 21 49.755554 12 79 1 Toamasina paratype 1986-10-10 MO, TAN Trail E Madagascar Lowry 500 -15.5 Hiaraka 1284 49.933334 Masoala Peninsula 12 79 1 paratype 1986-10-24 MO, TAN Hills E Madagascar Lowry 300 -15.316667 Andranofotsy River 1285 49.866665 Sahavary 12 79 1 paratype 1988-11-18 MO Miller & Schatz Madagascar 150 -15.5 Nosy Mangabe 1284 49.766666 12 79 1 paratype 1987-10-14 MO Miller & Schatz Madagascar 150 -15.5 Nosy Mangabe 1284 49.766666 12 79 1 paratype 1988-04-13 1988-04-23 1988-04-13 MO, TAN Schatz & Gentry Madagascar 150 -15.5 Nosy Mangabe 1284 49.766666 12 79 1 paratype 1989-01-09 1988-04-23 1988-04-13 MO Schatz & Miller Madagascar 150 -15.5 Nosy Mangabe 1284 49.766666 12 79 1 paratype 1992-10-29 MO Madagascar Schatz 450 -15.633333 Ambanizana 1284 49.983334 Masoala Peninsula 12 79 1 paratype 1957-11-11 TEF de la Baie d'Antongil Madagascar 125 -15.825 d'Anandrovola 890 49.683334 Service Forestier 12 79 1 paratype 1963-10-30 MO, TEF de Foulpointe Madagascar 60 -17.709446 d'Analalava 21 49.447224 Service Forestier 12 79 1 paratype 1993-07 MO, TAN Zjhra & Hutcheon Madagascar Masoala Peninsula 600 -15.658333 Be-dinta 21 49.958336 Andranobe 12 79 1 paratype