Siphostoma starksii
P. starksii
Siphostoma starksi
Jordan & Evermann, 1896a: 771
Rutter, 1896: 263
Meek, 1904: 162–163
Siphostoma ( Siphostoma ) starksii
Jordan & Evermann, 1896b: 328
Dawson, 1982: 47
P. starksii
Syngnathus starksi
Starks, 1906: 783
Jordan et al., 1930: 242
De Buen, 1940: 46
Siphostoma elcapitanense
Dawson, 1982: 47
P. starksii
Syngnathus elcapitanense
Meek & Hildebrand, 1923: 260
Dawson, 1982: 47
P. starksii
Pseudophallus starksii : Gunter, 1942: 310
Fowler, 1944: 496
Gunter, 1956: 349
Follett, 1960: 213
Dawson, 1982: 45–49
Dawson, 1985: 161
Pseudophallus
Ruiz-Campos et al., 2002: 148
Kuiter, 2009: 241
McMahan et al ., 2013: 448
Page et al., 2013: 110
González-Acosta et al., 2015: 72
Angulo et al., 2015: 7
Angulo et al ., 2020: 9
starksii
Pseudophallus starksi
Herald, 1940: 51
Pseudophallus
Herald 1959: 473
Miller, 1966: 796
Bussing, 1966: 222
Whatley, 1969: 448
Villano & Balderas, 1987: 230
Castro-Aguirre et al ., 1995: 72
Castro-Aguirre & Balart, 1997: 144
Bussing 1998: 252–253
Castro-Aguirre et al ., 1999: 234
Angulo et al ., 2013: 998
Pseudophallus starksi starksi : Lüling, 1974: 201
P. starksi
Pseudophallus lineatus
Villar, 1970: 80
Dawson, 1982: 47
P. starksii
Taxonomic review of the pipefish genus Pseudophallus Herald, with the description of a new species (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae)
Dallevo-Gomes, Caio I. A.
Mattox, George M. T.
Toledo-Piza, Mônica
Zootaxa
2020
2020-10-05
4859
1
81
112
4P6RH
(Jordan & Culver 1895)
[151,424,1266,1293]
Actinopterygii
Syngnathidae
Pseudophallus
Animalia
Syngnathiformes
17
98
Chordata
species
starksii
( Figs. 2–3, 5, 7; Table 2)
Siphostoma starksii Jordan& Culver ( in Jordan, 1895): 381, 416, 514, pl. XXX (original description; “Río Presidio, about a mile below from village Presidio, Sinaloa, Mexico”; type specimens SU 2686); Jordan& Evermann 1896b: 328(listed in North America); Jordan& Evermann, 1898: 2838(redescription; type listed as SU 2686); Jordan& Evermann, 1900: 3259, pl. CXX:3 25 (explanation of pl. CXX, drawing of SU 2686); Böhlke, 1953: 62( syntypeslisted); Dawson, 1982: 47(synonymic list of P. starksii). Siphostoma starksi(sic): Jordan& Evermann, 1896a: 771(, redescription, typelisted as USNM 47425); Rutter, 1896: 263(occurrence in San José del Cabo, Baja California, Mexico); Meek, 1904: 162–163(occurrence in Río San Geronimo, Mexico, key of identification). Siphostoma( Siphostoma) starksii: Jordan& Evermann, 1896b: 328, 576 (new combination; listed in Central America); Dawson, 1982: 47(synonymic list of P. starksii). Syngnathus starksi(sic): Starks, 1906: 783(new combination, occurrence in Santa Rosa, Ecuador); Regan, 1907: 55 (listed); Jordanet al., 1930: 242(listed in Central America); De Buen, 1940: 46(listed in Mexico). Siphostoma elcapitanense: (non Meek & Hildebrand, 1914): Meek & Hildebrand ( in Meek, 1914): 119 (misidentification; Jesús Maria and Turrubales, Costa Rica); Dawson, 1982: 47(synonymic list of P. starksii). Syngnathus elcapitanense: (non Meek & Hildebrand, 1914): Meek & Hildebrand, 1923: 260(in part: incorrect identification of specimens from Costa Ricaand Punta Chame, Panama); Dawson, 1982: 47(synonymic list of P. starksii). Pseudophallus starksii: Gunter, 1942: 310(euryhaline); Fowler, 1944: 496(listed in Central America); Gunter, 1956: 349(listed in Central America); Follett, 1960: 213, 214, 224 (mention of affinities with congeners); Dawson, 1982: 45–49, 165, figs. 17, 20, 70 (species account, comparisons with congeners, identification key; specimen CAS(SU) 67185 (ex SU 2686) as lectotype); Dawson, 1985: 161, 162, 209, figs. 240, 241 (map) (characters, distribution, distribution, comparisons with other species of Pseudophallus,identification key); Ferraris Jr., 2003: 591 (listed, distribution; SU 67185 (ex SU 2686) as lectotype); Ruiz-Campos et al.,2002: 148, 149 (listed in Baja California Sur, Mexico); Nelson et al.,2004: 112 (listed for Central America); Robles & Vega, 2004: 82 (listed in Santa Maria river, Veraguas, Panama); Kuiter, 2009: 241(distribution, freshwater, figure from Dawson, 1982); Mol, 2012: 51 (citation of literature regarding positive rheotropism); McMahan et al., 2013: 448(listed in El Salvador); Page et al.,2013: 110(listed in Central America); González-Acosta et al.,2015: 72(listed in Baja California, Mexico); Angulo et al.,2015: 7, 9, 10; fig. 5K (listed, distribution in Costa Rica, identification key); Angulo et al., 2020: 9; fig. 8N (as starski), 19, 28 (as starksii, listed in Costa Rica, identification key). Pseudophallus starksi(sic): Herald, 1940: 51, 59, 63 (new combination; designated as typespecies of Pseudophallus; species account; identification key); Herald 1959: 473(general occurrence in the Pacific coast); Miller, 1966: 796(coastal streams, San José del Cabo to Ecuador); Bussing, 1966: 222, 236 (occurrence in Costa Rica. listed); Whatley, 1969: 448(cited as euryhaline fish); Dawson, 1974:409, 410 (meristic characters in tables and identification key); Lagler et al., 1977: 39 (figure from Jordan& Evermann 1896); Villano & Balderas, 1987: 230(listed in Mexico); Castro-Aguirre et al., 1995: 72(listed in Gulf of California, Mexico, biogeography); Castro-Aguirre & Balart, 1997: 144(listed, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico); Bussing 1998: 252–253, 257–259, figures and map 24 (identification key, species account, distribution in Costa Rica); Castro-Aguirre et al., 1999: 234(synonymy list, distribution in Mexico); Umaña in Lobo & Bolaños, 2005:76(listed in Costa Rica); Miller et al., 2006:148(listed, short diagnosis, distribution in Mexico); Vega et al., 2006: 92 (listed in Panamá); Matamoros et al., 2009:16, 35 (in part, listed in Honduras); Angulo et al., 2013: 998(listed, distribution in Costa Rica). Pseudophallus starksi starksi: Lüling, 1974: 201(as a geographic race of P. starksi). Pseudophallus lineatus: (non Kaup): Alvarez del Villar, 1970: 80(new combination, incorrect identification, characters and distribution in Mexico); Dawson, 1982: 47(synonymic list of P. starksii).
Diagnosis. Pseudophallus starksiidiffers from P. brasiliensis, P. mindiiand P. galadrielaein having 95.3% of specimens with 14 trunk rings ( vs. most usually with 13 trunk rings). Pseudophallus starksiican be distinguished from P. elcapitanensisby the following combination of characters: 36–44 dorsal-fin rays (89.5% of specimens with 38–41), 49–53 body rings (91.9% of specimens with 50–51), 19–21 brood-pouch rings (64.9% of adult male specimens with 21) and 8.5–10.5 subdorsal tail rings (86.7% of specimens with 9.25–10.0) vs. 30–35 dorsal-fin rays (82.1% of specimens with 31–33), 47–51 body rings (89.8% of specimens with 48–49), 17–19 brood-pouch rings (90.9% of adult males specimens with 17–18) and 6.75–7.5 subdorsal tail rings (97.4% of specimens with 6.75–7.25) in P. elcapitanensis.
Description.Meristic and morphometric characters detailed in Table 2. General appearance and coloration in Figs. 2Dand 3D. Body without scales, covered with bony plates forming rings along its axis, bony plates horizontally oval, with an elevation in midline forming bony ridges along body. Trunk rings 13–15 (95.9% of specimens with 14). Tail rings 35–39 (91.1% of specimens with 36–37). Body rings 49–53 (91.9% of specimens with 50–51). Subdorsal tail rings 8.5–10.5 (87.8% of specimens with 9.25–10.0). Subdorsal trunk rings from 0–0.5. Subdorsal tail rings 8.5–10.5 (87.0% of specimens with 9.25–10.0). Dorsal-fin origin at vertical between posterior half of posteriormost trunk ring and anteriormost caudal ring. Posterior tip of superior trunk ridge at vertical through superior tail ridge, between 6.0 and 7.5 anteriormost tail rings. Lateral trunk ridge continuous with superior tail ridge with origin on first caudal ring. Inferior trunk ridge continuous with inferior tail ridge. Body slender and cylindrical, transversal section of trunk heptagonal, with transition to quadrangular in tail at end of superior trunk ridge. Maximum body depth of females and juveniles at middle of trunk; in males at anterior region of the brood pouch. Body depth decreasing posteriorly along superior trunk ridge to minimum depth on caudal peduncle. Dorsal profile of head straight or slightly inclined at snout region, more inclined at orbital region and straight at posterior region, with two nuchal plates between occipital region and first trunk ring. Ventral profile of head straight. Dorsal fin not elevated, curved on first rays, straight along median portion with pointed end. Dorsal-fin rays of similar length, except the first two rays. Dorsal-fin rays 36–44 (89.5% of specimens with 38–41), posteriormost two rays closer to each other, difficult to distinguish in some specimens. Pectoral fin small, middle rays longer than outer and inner rays. Pectoral-fin origin on anteriormost trunk ring, and distal margin rarely extending beyond third trunk ring. Pectoral-fin rays 11–15 (68.5% of specimens with 14). Caudal fin small and fan like, with 10 rays (5 rays in each hypural plate). Pelvic and anal fins absent. Mouth terminal, slightly inclined dorsally, jaws edentulous. Lower jaw slightly prognathous. Snout short, tubular, without dorsal or lateral ridges. Dorsal profile of snout with slight inclination following dorsal margin of eyes. Eyes located longitudinally at middle of head. Opercle occupying most of lateral surface of head posterior to eye, opercular opening reduced to pore on posterodorsal margin of opercle. Opercular ridge generally indistinct, except for some specimens with small protuberance on anterior region of opercle, following superior margin of bone. Lateral line and lateral line canals absent. Sexual dimorphism.Males with brood pouch. Origin of brood pouch on posteriormost trunk rings, brood pouch rings extending along 19–22 rings (64.8% of specimens 21 brood pouch rings). Bony plates of the brood pouch well developed and T-shaped encasing entire lateral portion of pouch, decreasing in size posteriorly and parallel with the inferior tail ridge. Ventral region of pouch with contralateral dermal folds extending towards the midline, dividing brood pouch longitudinally. Adult females with anal papilla on anal ring with small, barely visible spicules. Coloration in alcohol.Ground color of head and body light beige to brown, sometimes with horizontal stripe more evident on the head and anterior portion of the body formed by different tones of brown. Smaller stripes on dorsolateral part of head and dorsal part of opercle. Thicker bony regions at body ridges with less or no chromatophores, forming nearly white longitudinal lines. Some specimens with series of darker arch-shaped blotches in lateral view, at every two or four rings. Bony rings with one or two white spots underneath bony plates; shape of spot more circular when single spot present and oval shaped due to proximity of the spots when two spots present. Dorsolateral part of snout with layer of skin and mesethmoid forming light stripe. Dorsal-fin rays with scattered brown chromatophores. Pectoral fin hyaline. Caudal fin with same general coloration of body, sometimes in slightly different tone. ( Figs. 2Dand 3D).
Distribution.Freshwater coastal drainages of the Pacific, from Río Santa Rosa, Ecuador, to San Jose del Cabo, Baja California, Mexico( Fig. 5).
Remarks.A holotypewas not designated in the original description of Siphostoma starksii, but Jordan(1895: 381)listed as 2686 the catalog number of the type specimens of the species at the Museum of Stanford University (SU, currently at CAS). Three specimens from this original lot were sent to three different institutions: the United StatesNational Museum of Natural History (USNM 47425), Zoologisches Museum Berlin (ZMB Pisces 14058) and the British Museum, London (BMNH 1895.5.27.321), with five specimens remaining as SU 2686 (now CAS 102686). Later, one additional specimen from lot SU 2686 was dismembered into CAS-SU 67185 (now CAS 167185). Therefore, those eight specimens are part of the original type series (i.e., syntypes) of the species (ICZN, 1999: Art. 72.4.1.1 and 73.2). In the first part of a series of four volumes of “The fishes of North and Middle America”, Jordan& Evermann (1896a: 771)indicated the lot USNM 47425 as “ type” of Siphostoma starksi(sic). On the third part of the work by Jordan& Evermann (1898: 2838), SU 2686 is indicated as “ type” of Siphostoma starksiiand in the fourth part of the work by Jordan& Evermann (1900: 3259, pl. CXX) one specimen from lot SU 2686 is illustrated. Dawson (1982: 45, 49) listed lot SU 67185 (now CAS 167185) as lectotypeof Siphostoma starksii. Ferraris (2003: 591)indicated this specimen as being the same of that illustrated in Jordan& Evermann (1900: 3259, pl. CXX) and therefore, credited the lectotypedesignation of the species to the latter authors. However, the previous mention of the specimen USNM 47425 as type of S. starksii, by Jordan& Evermann (1896a: 771)should be considered as the lectotypedesignation of the species (ICZN, 1999: Art. 74.5) and other lectotypedesignations (e.g., Jordan& Evermann, 1900or Dawson, 1982) are deemed invalid (ICZN 1999: Art. 74.1.1).
Type material: Lectotype. USNM 47425, 1, Río Presidio, about a mile below village of Presidio, Sinaloa, Mexico, D. S. Jordan et al., 24 Dec 1894– 25 Jan 1895(not examined). Paralectotypes. CAS 102686, 4, 51.0– 123.3 mmSL, CAS 167185, 1, 132.2 mmSL, same data of lectotype; ZMB 14058, 1, BMNH 1895.5.27.321, 1, same data of lectotype(not examined). Non typematerial. Ecuador: El Oro: CAS 109312, 1, 117.2 mmSL, Riverat Santa Rosa, P. O. Simmons 1898-1899. Colombia: Valle del Cauca:AMNH 32971 2, 117.3– 124.4 mmSL, quebrada Guangui, 1/ 2 kmabove Río Patia, upper Río Saijadrainage, J. W. Daly, 12 Feb 1973. Panama: Darien:MCZ 52992, 1, 64.0 mm SL, Boca de Río Capeti, in fast riffle about 10mupstream of mouth at Río Tuira, 08º05`N 77º35`W, K. E. Hartel, 27 Mar 1978; MCZ 88624, 7, 112.4– 146.5 mmSL, Río Picuro, just above confluence with Río Tuira, 08º00`N 77º32`W, W. C. Starnes et al., 16 Feb 1985; USNM 208365, 6, 134.9– 171.1 mmSL, upper tributary of Río Jaque, H. G. Loftin& Dean, 11 Feb 1968; USNM 293603, 9, 68.9–135.6 mmSL, Río San Antonioat Garachini, trib. Golfo de San Miguel, J. Lundberg, R. Bouchard& J. Louton, 07 Mar 1988; Panama:UF 12983, 1, 127.8 mmSL, Creek 11 mi.S of Chepoon road to El Llano, Brockman& Child, 29 Apr 1965; USNM 293475, 8, 72.3–100.1 mmSL, Pan American Highwayca. 17 Km. Eof el Chepo( Bayano Drive), Río Terable, W. Starnes et al., 25 Feb 1985; Veraguas:ANSP 104211, 3, 106.0– 124.5 mmSL, Creek Quebrada Piedraat bridge about 8 mi.W. of El Maria on Sona-Remediosroad, H. G. Loftin, E. L. Tyson& M. Canipe, 11 Nov 1961; ANSP 104408, 4, 63.3– 116.3 SL, creek at bridge 3 mi.E of Sona-Santiagoroad, H. G. Loftin& E. L. Tyson 28 Oct 1961; Chiriqui:ANSP 104181, 1, 121.9 mmSL, creek into Río Jacaquenear San Lorenzoat farm of Dr. Alvarez, H. G. Loftin& E. L. Tyson, 9 Dec 1961; ANSP 119934, 2, 54.4–81.6 mmSL, Creek 5 mi.W of Boca del Monteon old road to David, H. G. Loftin& E. L. Tyson 18 Nov 1961; ANSP 119935, 2, 63.7–91.1 mmSL, creek at bridge 5 miW. of San Felixbridge on Interamerican Highwaynew section, H. G. Loftin& E. L. Tyson 18 Nov 1961; ANSP 11936, 18, 50.6–124.7 mmSL, Río Tinta, creek at bridge 3 mi.W of Río Tabasara on Sona-Remediosroad, H. G. Loftin, E. L. Tyson& M. Canipe, 11 Nov 1961: ANSP 146754, 1, 98.8 mmSL, Río Las Vueltasat Interamerican Hwy, st. 51, D. Fromm& P. Fromm, 4 Mar 1981. TABLE 3. Frequency distribution of number of dorsal–fin rays in specimens of Pseudophallusfrom Atlantic drainages. N=261. Regions are arranged following a South to North sequence. * indicates specimens of P. galadrielaefrom Lago Izabal drainage. Values for P. mindiiare marked in grey. 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Total Brazil São Paulo 1 6 14 12 10 12 1 56 Rio de Janeiro 2 3 2 7 Espírito Santo 1 3 1 6 4 3 4 1 23 Bahia 1 3 2 3 1 1 11 Piauí 1 1 Pará 5 7 4 2 18 Suriname 2 2 2 6 Guiana 1 1 Venezuela—until Orinoco Delta 1 2 1 5 1 1 11 Venezuela—From Rio Cumboto 2 1 1 4 Panama 1 2 4 3 1 11 Costa Rica 2 2 3 6 2 1 16 Nicaragua 1 1 1 3 Honduras 1 1 1 3 South of Lago Izabal 2 1 2 Lago Izabal* 1 10 17 24 14 4 1 1 72 North of Lago Izabal 1 1 2 Belize 1 5 2 1 9 Caribbean 3 1 1 5 Total 1 18 30 34 26 15 19 25 31 20 26 8 4 2 2 1 261 TABLE 4. Frequency distribution of number of total body rings in specimens of Pseudophallusfrom Atlantic drainages. N=256. * indicate specimens of P. galadrielaefrom Lago Izabal drainage. Values for P. mindiiare marked in grey. 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Total Brazil São Paulo 1 4 19 18 10 4 56 Rio de Janeiro 4 2 1 7 Espírito Santo 1 10 10 3 24 Bahia 5 1 3 9 Piauí 1 1 Pará 1 1 2 11 2 1 18 Suriname 3 2 5 Guiana 1 1 Venezuela— until Orinoco Delta 3 2 1 4 10 Venezuela— From Rio Cumboto 1 1 2 Panama 3 7 2 12 Costa Rica 1 3 8 4 16 Nicaragua 2 1 3 Honduras 2 1 3 South of Lago Izabal 2 2 Lago Izabal* 3 15 35 16 2 1 71 North of Lago Izabal 1 1 2 Belize 1 5 2 1 2 9 Caribe 1 2 2 5 Total 1 4 15 41 31 26 38 45 34 14 5 2 256 Costa Rica: Puntarenas:FMNH 7901, 1, 83.4 mmSL, Jesus Maria River, S. E. Meek, 1912; FMNH 76970, 1, 98.1 mmSL, Río Grande Terraba, R. K. Johnson, 7 Jul 1973; ROM 88191, 3, 81.3–138.0 mm SL, Quebrada Benjamin, 1 kmWest of Palmar Norte, Osa Peninsula, 08º57`54’’N 83º27`44”W, B. Wisenden, 1 May 1991; TNHC 15359, 9, 91.6–130.3 mmSL, Río Pavo, upstream from Los Patostrail, P. N. Corcovado, 08º30`29’’N 83º36`03’’W, K. Winemiller, 13 Jul 1983; UF 19558, 1, 125.1 mmSL, Río Chires, ca 2 kmN off Estarillos, ca 25 air mi. WNW of Quepos, C. Gilbert et al., 2 Jul 1973; San José:ANSP 164263, 3,76.1–138.0 mm SL, Río Barúca 7 kmabove Dominical, D. Fromm, 11 Mar 1989; Guanacaste:UF 19569, 1, 158.8 mmSL, Río Corobia, 5 kmNW of Las Canas, near Pan American Hwy, at La Pacificamotel, Gilbert, McAllister& Balon, 4 Jul 1973. Honduras: Valle:LACM 32295–11, 1, 135.8 mmSL, Río Nacaomeat Pan American Highway, Martin& Brame, 8 Feb 1969. El Salvador: La Union:TU 202696, 7, 88.2–131.6 mmSL, trib. to Gulfo de Fonseca, 35.2 milesE of San Miguel, Pan American Hwy, R. D. Sutkus& Smalley, 2 Jun 1962. Guatemala: Santa Rosa:AMNH 25100, 1, 87.3 mmSL, Río Margarita, under bridge of Carretera Internacional Del Pacifico, D.E. Rosen, K. Kallman & R. Dorion, 24 Feb 1963. Mexico: Oaxaca:FMNH 4717, 1, 104.3 mmSL, San Geronimo, S. E. Meek, 29 Feb 1903; Guerrero:UMMZ 178462, 8, 69.2–103.0 mm SL, Río Coyaquilla, 60 road miles SE of Zihuatenejo, R. R. Miller& M. Miller, 21 Mar 1957; Nayarit:UMMZ 172107, 8, 87.3–120.1 mmSL, Río La Limaat La Lima, 7.5 miby road SSW of Las Varas, R. R. Miller& J. T. Greenbank, 24 Feb 1955; UMMZ 178588, 10, 85.0– 100.4 mmSL, Río Rosarioat Hwy.15 bridge near Rosario, Pacific Dr, R. R. Miller& M. Miller, 08 Apr 1957; Baja California Sur: CAS( SU) 5943, 4, 67.1–124.9 mmSL, San Jose del Cabo, Eisen& Vaslit.
3034656372
1894-12-24
1895-01-25
1894-12-24
USNM
D.J. Stewart
Mexico
Rio Presidio
19
100
USNM 47425, 1
1
Sinaloa
lectotype
3034656383
CAS
Mexico
19
100
CAS 102686, 4
1
Sinaloa
paralectotype
3034656438
ZMB 14058
CAS
Mexico
19
100
CAS 167185
2
Sinaloa
lectotype
3034656434
CAS
River & Santa Rosa, P. O
Ecuador
El Oro
19
100
CAS 109312
1
El Oro
holotype
3034656431
1973-02-12
J. W. Daly
Colombia
upper Rio Saija
19
100
1
Valle del Cauca
3034656439
MCZ 52992, MCZ 88624
1978-03-27
MCZ
K. E. Hartel
Panama
10
8.083333
Rio Tuira
1302
-77.583336
Boca de Rio Capeti
19
100
7, 112.4
1
Darien
3034656441
1985-02-16
USNM
W. C. Starnes
Panama
8.0
Rio Tuira
1302
-77.53333
Rio Picuro
19
100
USNM 208365, 6, 134.9
1
Darien
3034656416
[151,1248,1770,1797]
1968-02-11
USNM
H. G. Loftin & Dean
Panama
Rio Jaque
19
100
USNM 293603, 9
1
Darien
3034656366
1988-03-07
Lundberg, R & Bouchard & Louton
Panama
Garachini
Rio San Antonio
19
100
1
Darien
3034656353
1965-04-29
USNM
El Llano & Brockman & Child
Panama
Creek
19
100
USNM 293475, 8
1
3034656356
1985-02-25
Km. E & Bayano Drive & W. Starnes
Panama
Pan American Highway
Rio Terable
Chepo
19
100
1
3034656329
1961-11-11
ANSP
H. G. Loftin & E. L. Tyson & Canipe
Panama
El Maria on Sona-Remedios
Creek Quebrada Piedra
19
100
ANSP 104408, 4, 63.3, 116.3
1
Veraguas
3034656345
1961-10-28
H. G. Loftin & Tyson
Panama
21
102
3 mi. E of Sona-Santiago
19
100
1
3034656364
1961-12-09
ANSP
Dr. Alvarez, H. G & Loftin & E. L. Tyson
Panama
San Lorenzo
Rio Jacaque
21
102
ANSP 119934, 2
1
Chiriqui
3034656377
1961-11-18
ANSP
David, H. G & Loftin & E. L. Tyson
Panama
Creek
21
102
ANSP 119935, 2
1
3034656425
1961-11-18
ANSP
H. G. Loftin & E. L. Tyson
Panama
Interamerican Highway
San Felix
21
102
ANSP 11936, 18
1
3034656404
1961-11-11
H. G. Loftin & E. L. Tyson & Canipe
Panama
Rio Tinta
21
102
1
3034656338
1981-03-04
D. Fromm & P. Fromm
Panama
Rio Las Vueltas
21
102
1
3034656359
ROM 88191
1973-07-07
S. E. Meek & R. K. Johnson
Costa Rica
Rio Grande Terraba
Jesus Maria River
21
102
1
Puntarenas
3034656388
1991-05-01
B. Wisenden
Costa Rica
8.965
Osa Peninsula
21
-83.46222
Quebrada Benjamin
21
102
1
Puntarenas
3034656365
1983-07-13
K. Winemiller
Costa Rica
Rio Pavo
8.508056
Corcovado
21
-83.60083
Los Patos
21
102
1
Puntarenas
3034656397
1973-07-02
C. Gilbert
Costa Rica
Estarillos
Rio Chires
21
102
1
Puntarenas
3034656363
1989-03-11
D. Fromm
Costa Rica
Rio Baru
21
102
1
San Jose
3034656340
1973-07-04
Gilbert & McAllister & Balon
Costa Rica
Rio Corobia
21
102
1
Guanacaste
3034656436
1969-02-08
Martin & Brame
Honduras
Rio Nacaome
21
102
1
Valle
3034656308
TU 202696
1962-06-02
de Fonseca & Pan American Hwy, R. D & Sutkus & Smalley
El Salvador
Gulfo de Fonseca
21
102
1
La Union
3034656440
1963-02-24
Carretera Internacional Del Pacifico, D.E & Rosen, K & R. Dorion
Guatemala
Carretera Internacional Del Pacifico
Rio Margarita
21
102
1
Santa Rosa
3034656421
[199,1210,1969,1996]
1903-02-29
San Geronimo, S. E & Meek
Mexico
Oaxaca
21
102
1
Oaxaca
3034656328
1957-03-21
R. R. Miller & M. Miller
Mexico
22
103
Rio Coyaquilla
21
102
1
Guerrero
3034656407
1955-02-24
R. R. Miller & J. T. Greenbank
Mexico
La Lima
Rio La Lima
22
103
1
Nayarit
3034656306
1957-04-08
Miller & M. Miller
Mexico
Rio Rosario
Rosario
Hwy.
22
103
1
Nayarit
3034656408
CAS, SU
Vaslit
Mexico
Eisen
San Jose del Cabo
22
103
1
Baja California Sur