Anastrepha cordata Aldrich 1925: 4 Greene 1934: 144 Lima 1934: 502 Stone 1942a: 35 Stone 1942b: 304 Fernández Yépez 1953: 23 Foote 1967: 9 Steyskal 1977: 5 Caraballo 1981: 77 Norrbom 1985: 99 Norrbom & Foote 1989: 21 Hernández-Ortiz 1992: 49 Hernández-Ortiz & Pérez-Alonso 1993: 453 Korytkowski 1997: 50 Norrbom et al . 1999a: 78 Norrbom et al . 1999b: 333 Aluja et al . 2000: 808 Aluja et al . 2003: 1381 Korytkowski 2004: 54 Hernández-Ortiz 2007: 59 A revision of the Anastrepha robusta species group (Diptera: Tephritidae) 2182 Norrbom, Allen L. Korytkowski, Cheslavo A. Zootaxa 2009 2009-08-06 2182 1 1 91 DHD8 Aldrich Aldrich 1925 [151,492,1743,1769] Insecta Tephritidae Anastrepha Animalia Diptera 15 16 Arthropoda species cordata   Figs. 7, 27–28, 68, 97, 111, 169–170     Anastrepha cordataAldrich 1925: 4[description, Belize];  Greene 1934: 144[wing];  Lima 1934: 502;  Stone 1942a: 35[wing, aculeus tip, Panamá];  Stone 1942b: 304[ Venezuela];  Fernández Yépez 1953: 23;  Foote 1967: 9[in catalog];  Steyskal 1977: 5[in key];  Caraballo 1981: 77[wing, aculeus tip, Venezuela];  Norrbom 1985: 99[mesonotum, eversible membrane, aculeus tip, egg];  Norrbom & Foote 1989: 21[egg];  Hernández-Ortiz 1992: 49, 137 [host, México: Veracruz];  Hernández-Ortiz & Pérez-Alonso 1993: 453[host];  Korytkowski 1997: 50[in key];  Norrbom et al. 1999a: 78[in catalog; Guatemala];  Norrbom et al. 1999b: 333[aculeus tip, classification];  Aluja et al. 2000: 808[host];  Aluja et al. 2003: 1381[host, parasitoid wasps, México: Chiapas];  Korytkowski 2004: 54[in key];  Hernández-Ortiz 2007: 59[ México: Oaxaca].   Diagnosis.  Anastrepha cordatadiffers from all other species of  Anastrephaby its wing pattern in which the proximal arm of the V-band is dark brown, extremely broad, and ovoid, strongly contrasting with the C-band and S-band which are yellow to orange. It also differs from all other species except  A. lambdaand  A. nigrivittataby its scutal color pattern, which includes 3 pairs of dark brown vittae ( Fig. 7), of which the postsutural sublateral pair is fused to a dark band on the posterior margin to form a U-shaped mark. In  A. cordatathe posterior band has a lateral extension that includes the intra-alar seta whereas in the other two species its margin approaches but does not include the intra-alar.  A. cordatafurther differs from those two species in having the scutum mostly nonmicrotrichose and in the shape of the aculeus tip.   Description.Mostly yellow to orange, with dark brown markings. Setae dark red brown to black. Head: Mostly yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle and large V-shaped mark on orbital plate, vertex and occiput brown, mark extended to or almost to eye margin laterally, occasionally including bases of orbital setae and/or connected to ocellar tubercle, posteriorly extending to acute apex ca. 0.6 of distance from vertex to ventral margin of occiput. 3–4 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, posterior seta well developed. Ocellar seta weak, 1.0–1.5 times as long as ocellar tubercle. Postocellar seta occasionally weak or absent. Facial carina, in profile, straight to very slightly convex dorsally and medially. Antenna extended 0.78–0.90 distance to ventral facial margin. Thorax ( Fig. 7): Mostly yellow to orange with dark brown markings. Typical white or pale yellow areas (postpronotal lobe; paired sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture towards intra-alar seta; medial scutal vitta; most of scutellum; dorsal margin of anepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite) not differentiated in dried specimens examined, possibly present in live or fluid preserved material. Scutum with 3 paired dark brown vittae; submedial vitta between acrostichal and dorsocentral lines, extended from anterior margin to ca. half distance from transverse suture to posterior margin, isolated or occasionally diffusely connected to sublateral vitta posteriorly, anteriorly broader than space between vittae, narrowest at transverse suture; broad, subtriangular, presutural sublateral mark from slightly posterior to level of postpronotal seta to ca. level of presutural supra-alar seta, extending laterally almost to latter seta; narrower postsutural sublateral vitta between dorsocentral and intra-alar lines, extended anteriorly almost to transverse suture, posteriorly connected to band on posterior scutal margin to form U-shaped mark; posterior band broadest medially, extending beyond acrostichal seta anteriorly (when latter present) and onto basal 0.25 or less of disk of scutellum medially, laterally with extension including intra-alar seta and often postalar seta. Subscutellum and mediotergite dark brown except often narrowly medially. Anatergite and katatergite often with small pale to moderate brown posteroventral spot. Meron usually with crescent shaped pale to moderate brown posteroventral spot. Mesonotum 2.26–3.21 mmlong. Scutum microtrichose only lateral to intra-alar line posterior to transverse suture; scutellum entirely microtrichose; setulae mostly orange to brown. Acrostichal seta usually absent (present on 2 Panamanian males). Katepisternal seta undifferentiated or weak and much shorter than anepisternal seta. Wing ( Figs. 27–28): Length 6.57–9.04 mm, width 2.84–3.25 mm, ratio 2.44–2.59. Apex of vein R 1at 0.54–0.57 wing length. Cell c 0.98–1.14 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 3.91–4.97 times as long as wide. Vein R 2+3without sharp bends or undulations. Crossvein r-m at 0.53–0.64 distance from bm-cu to dm-cu on vein M. Vein M only slightly curved apically; cell r 4+51.09–1.27 times as wide at apex as at level of dm-cu. Cell bcu with distal lobe relatively short, length of bcu 1.38–1.46 times as long as anterior margin. Wing pattern mostly yellow to orange and dark brown. C-band entirely yellow to orange, including all of cells bc, c, br, r 1and r 2+3and pterostigma. Cell c with nonmicrotrichose posteromedial area 0.10–0.40 width of cell. Cband and S-band broadly connected along vein R 4+5and in specimens from Costa Rica, Panamáand Venezuelaalso along costa, hyaline area in cell br elongate, oblique, reaching or narrowly separated from vein R 4+5, 0.5–1.0 times as long as distal colored area of cell; cell dm with basal hyaline area small, but usually extending to posterior margin. Basal half of S-band mostly to entirely yellow to orange, occasionally pale brown in posterior third or less of cell cu 1; posterior margin with distinct incision in cell cu 1; distal section of band yellow to orange, usually darker orange to orange brown distal to crossvein dm-cu, occasionally with part of posterior margin very narrowly brown; moderately broad, at apex of vein R 2+30.71–0.79 times width of cell r 2+3, even in width to distinctly broadening in cell r 2+3, well separated from apex of vein M; hyaline area proximal to it ending at vein R 2+3or narrowly separated from it. Hyaline basomarginal spot in cell r 1narrow triangular, extended to or almost to vein R 4+ 5in specimens from Belize, Guatemalaand México, its apex aligned proximal to crossvein r-m; in specimens from Costa Rica, Panamáand Venezuelareduced to 1–2 small diffuse spots in cell r 1or completely absent. V-band complete, narrowly to moderately broadly connected to S-band in cell r 2+3; proximal arm entirely dark brown except band apex and in anterior third or less of cell r 4+5, extremely broad, ovoid, without basal extension along wing margin, at level of vein M 3.25–5.00 times as wide as distal arm and 2.36–4.33 times as wide as hyaline area proximal to it in cells r 4+5and dm; distal arm slender, yellow to orange anteriorly, pale to moderate brown posteriorly, medially often mottled or with narrow brown margin on proximal side. Abdomen ( Fig. 7): Mostly yellow to orange, syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3 and 4 with broad dark brown bands. Male terminalia: Lateral surstylus short, extended beyond prensisetae by 1.0–1.5 times length of prensiseta; in lateral view slightly posteriorly curved and very broad, prensisetae equidistant from anterior and posterior margins, posteroapical corner bluntly acute; in posterior view gradually tapered to blunt apex, lateral and medial margins convex. Proctiger with sclerotized areas connected laterally and dorsally. Phallus 8.14–9.58 mmlong, 3.08–3.51 times as long as mesonotum; glans 0.62 mmlong. Female terminalia: Oviscape 4.69–7.47 mmlong, 1.72–2.42 times as long as mesonotum; distal 0.5–0.8 brown; spiracle at basal 0.17–0.22. Eversible membrane ( Figs. 68, 97) with ca. 45 long, slender, hooklike dorsobasal scales in 3–4 irregular transverse rows, separated from minute basal denticles by row of smaller, weakly sclerotized scales. Aculeus ( Fig. 111) straight to slightly ventrally curved in lateral view, 4.79–7.00 mm long; in ventral view base 0.16–0.18 mmwide; shaft 0.08–0.09 mmwide at midlength; tip ( Figs. 169–170) 0.10–0.17 mmlong,  0.055 –0.065mmwide, 2.0–2.46 times as long as wide,  0.050 –0.065mmwide in lateral view, 0.91–1.00 times ventral width, in ventral view triangular, evenly tapering, with lateral margin straight to slightly concave, nonserrate. Spermathecae weakly sclerotized. Egg (30 dissected from abdomen of holotype): Slender, 1.23–1.36 mmlong, 0.13–0.14 mmwide at broadest point, slightly curved, posterior end strongly tapered to slender point. Anterior end without lobe distal to micropyle, micropyle nipple-shaped.   Distribution.  Anastrepha cordatais known from México( Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas), Belize, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panamá, and Venezuela.   Biology.The only reported host plant is  Tabernaemontana albaMill. (Apocynaceae)( Hernández-Ortiz 1992, Hernández-Ortiz & Pérez-Alonso 1993, Aluja et al. 2000). The larvae feed in the fruit. An examined female was collected on a species of  Brysonima(Malpighiaceae)which is unlikely to be a host plant.   Type Data.  Holotypefemale ( USNM USNMENT00104303), BELIZE: Belize[date and collector unknown] [examined]. It bears the following labels: British Honduras / Collection J M Aldrich/ [red] Type No.26839 U.S.N.M. / Wing No.16 / Anastrepha cordata Ald. Theterminalia and both wings have been slide mounted.  Other specimens examined.  BELIZE: Stann Creek, Mile10, on  Brysonima,  19 Sep 1966, L. Chan, 1♀( BMNH).  COSTA RICA: Heredia: Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Estación Magsasay, LN 264600  531100, 200 m,  Nov 1990, M. Zumbado, 1♀( INBioINBioCRI001111264).  GUATEMALA: Petén: Poptún, Poptún, Barrio El Porvenir, 16°19'50"N 89°25'25"W, McPhail trap,  20 Jun 1995, J. López, 1♀( USNM USNMENT00050350).  MÉXICO: Veracruz: Gutierrez Zamora, 4 mi.N of,  30 m,  26 Jun 1953, Univ. Kans. Mex. Expedition, 1♂(UKaL USNMENT00215384);  Tuxpan,  Feb 1987, A. Cisneros, 1♀( UNAM).  PANAMA: Panamá: El Cermeño,  5 Dec 1939, J. Zetek4600, 1♀( USNM USNMENT000104297); same, 6   Feb1940, J. Zetek4630, 1♂( USNM USNMENT000104299); same,  22 Oct 1940, J. Zetek4692, 1♂( USNM USNMENT000104295); same,  12 Aug 1941, J. Zetek4850, 1♀( USNM USNMENT000104296); same,  15 Oct 1941, J. Zetek4885, 1♂( USNM USNMENT000104294); same,  28 Oct 1941, J. Zetek4891, 1♀( USNM USNMENT000104298);  La Campana, Muñoz Grove, fruit fly trap,  6 Feb 1940, J. Zetek4286, 1♂( USNM USNMENT000104301).  VENEZUELA: Puerto Caballo, fruit fly trap,  13 Jan 1940, P. Anduze4286, 1♂( USNM USNMENT000104300). USNM Collection J M Aldrich & Type No. & Wing No. Belize Belize 17 18 USNMENT00104303 1 Belize holotype 1966-09-19 BMNH L. Chan Belize Mile 17 18 1 1 Stann Creek LN 264600 1990-11 INBio M. Zumbado Costa Rica 531100200 Estacion Magsasay Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo 17 18 1 1 Heredia 1995-06-20 USNM Poptun & Barrio El Porvenir & Lopez Guatemala 16.330557 Peten 21 -89.42361 17 18 USNMENT00050350 1 1 Peten 1953-06-26 Univ. Kans. Mex. Expedition Mexico 30 Gutierrez Zamora 17 18 1 1 Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave [833,1432,1957,1983] 1987-02 UNAM A. Cisneros Mexico Tuxpan 17 18 1 1 Veracruz [151,1436,1995,2021] 1939-12-05 USNM El Cermeno & J. Zetek Panama Panama 17 18 USNMENT000104297 1 1 Panama [151,880,151,178] USNM Feb & J. Zetek 18 19 USNMENT000104299 1 1 1940-10-22 USNM Zetek 18 19 USNMENT000104295 1 1 [451,1316,190,216] 1941-08-12 USNM Zetek 18 19 USNMENT000104296 1 1 1941-10-15 USNM Zetek 18 19 USNMENT000104294 1 1 1941-10-28 USNM Zetek 18 19 USNMENT000104298 1 1 1940-02-06 USNM La Campana & J. Zetek Munoz Grove 18 19 USNMENT000104301 1 1 1940-01-13 USNM P. Anduze Venezuela Puerto Caballo 18 19 USNMENT000104300 1 1