Dendropsophini Fitzinger, 1843:32 Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae) Duellman, William E. Marion, Angela B. Hedges, Blair Zootaxa 2016 4104 1 1 109 628HZ [287,700,332,358] 23 24 subFamily Dendropsophinae   Dendropsophini Fitzinger, 1843:32. Typegenus:  DendropsophusFitzinger, 1843, by original designation.   Definition.Small to medium-sized primarily arboreal frogs; quadratojugal reduced or absent; reduction LTRF for 1/2 to 0/0 in larvae. Chromosome complement 2n = 30 (except in  Xenohyla).   Content.Two genera with 97 species.   Distribution.Tropical southern Mexicothrough Central Americaand tropical and subtropical South America, including Trinidad, southward to northern Argentinaand Uruguay.   Etymology.The familial and generic names are derived from the Greek Dendronmeaning tree and the Greek psophosmeaning sound or noise. The name refers to the vocalizations of these frogs originating in trees.   Remarks.Dendropsophinae is the sister taxon of Pseudinae in the phylogenetic analysis of molecular data. The two subfamilies share no derived morphological characters. The analysis also shows that  Xenohyla truncata(Izecksohn)( Fig. 9A), an inhabitant of terrestrial bromeliads in the restinga of southeastern Brazil, is the sister species of  Dendropsophus( Fig. 4). However,  Xenohylahas 2n = 24 chromosomes ( Suárez et al.2013), whereas all  Dendropsophusfor which the chromosome number is known have 2n = 30 chromosomes. Our phylogenetic analysis includes only about half (49) of the 95 species of  Dendropsophus.Within the tree ( Fig. 4), four groups are strongly supported—  D. marmoratusGroup (3 species; Fig. 9B),  D. labialisGroup (3 species; Fig. 9C),  D. leucophyllatusGroup (6 species; Fig. 9D) and  D. parvicepsGroup (4 species; Fig. 9E). These correspond approximately with the continuous reduction on larval mouthparts as shown by Duellman and Trueb (1983). The Central American ( D. microcephalus, phlebodes, sartori,and  robertmertensi; Fig. 9F) is weakly supported. Further recognition of distinct clades within the burdensomely large genus  Dendropsophusawaits rigorous analysis of molecular data for many more species.